Effect of dietary fibres on bioavailability of vitamin A and thiamine     

Santosh Khokhar  Amin C. Kapoor 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1990,40(4):259-265

Different sources of dietary fibre (cellulose, pectin, Isabgol, cabbage and guava) were fed to weaning rats for 5 weeks to study their effect on serum vitamins. Both the plant foods (cabbage and guava) were analysed for dietary fibre. Guava was found to be a good source of dietary fibre constituting 51.77% of dry pulp, whereas cabbage contained only 16.17%. Cellulose was the major component of dietary fibre in both the plant foods. The concentration of vitamin A and thiamine in the serum of fibre-fed rats was significantly lower than that of rats on a fibre-free diet. However, the amount of vitamin A in serum decreased significantly with the increase in level of dietary fibre, but the decrease was non-significant in the case of thiamine.  相似文献   

Ecological Risk Assessment of Alfalfa Medicago Varia L.) Genetically Engineered to Express a Human Metallothionein (hMT) Gene     

Lidia S. Watrud  Santosh Misra  Leshitew Gedamu  Tamotsu Shiroyama  Sharon Maggard  George Di Giovanni 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2006,176(1-4):329-349

The objectives of these studies were two-fold: (1) to determine efficacy of low and high expression hMT gene constructs by assessing accumulation of Cu in shoots of parental and transgenic plants of alfalfa (Medicago varia L.) exposed to different concentrations of CuSO₄ by addition of CuSO₄ solutions to soil and (2) to identify potential unintended effects of the genetic engineering on root and shoot biomass, shoot nutrient content, arbuscular mycorrhizal infection and on the metabolic functions of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. In the absence of exogenous CuSO₄ additions to soil shoot biomass and the macronutrient (C, P, K, Ca, Mg and N) content of plants expressing hMT were not significantly different from the parental control. In the 0.5 mM and 1.0 mM CuSO₄ treatments transgenic plants expressing the commonly used transgenic β-glucuronidase (GUS) marker had significantly higher Fe content than the parental genotype. Significant differences were observed in the carbon substrate utilization patterns of rhizosphere microbial communities among the transgenic plants; no significant differences were observed in the percent mycorrhizal infection of parental and transgenic plants. Shoot biomass increased significantly in all genotypes treated with 0.5 mM CuSO₄ and decreased in all genotypes at CuSO₄ concentrations of 1.5 mM and 2.0 mM. Root dry weights decreased significantly in all genotypes at concentrations of 1.0 mM, 1.5 mM and 2.0 mM CuSO₄. The largest decreases in root dry weight were observed in hMT genotypes grown in soil treated with 1.5 and 2.0 mM CuSO₄. In plants treated with 1.5 mM CuSO₄, shoots of transgenic plants expressing the hMT gene accumulated nominally, but not statistically significantly higher levels of Cu in shoot tissue. Our results were surprising with regard to lack of sufficient efficacy of the current hMT constructs for significant accumulation of Cu from soil treated with CuSO₄. However, our results suggest the utility of applying adverse levels of CuSO₄ or other environmental stressors to identify potential unintended effects of genetic engineering that may not be apparent under typically more optimal plant growth test conditions.  相似文献   

Variation in a wild groundnut species, Arachis duranensis Krapov. & W.C. Gregory     

A. K. Singh  P. Subrahmanyam  Santosh Gurtu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1996,43(2):135-142

Forty-two accessions of Arachis duranensis, a wild groundnut species that has been reported as a source of resistance to several groundnut diseases, were studied for 30 quantitative traits including total protein content, oil content, and reaction to groundnut rust. Protein profiles were also investigated for variation at the molecular level. Principal component analysis was applied to 28 traits that showed significant variation. Of these, only five characters, namely, height of the main stem, length of apical leaflet on the main stem, length of isthmus between pods, width of seed, and reaction to groundnut rust, accounted for more than 61.4% of the total variation. Protein profiles of these accessions were broadly similar, except some accessions which differed in few bands. The importance of these variations in strategies for germplasm collection and breeding is discussed.Submitted as Journal Article No. 1507 by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru P.O. 502 324 A.P. India.  相似文献   

Effects of tea polyphenols on emulsification of olive oil in a small intestine model system     

Shishikura Y  Khokhar S  Murray BS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(5):1906-1913

Tea catechins have been shown to reduce plasma cholesterol and suppress hypertriacylglycerolemia by reducing triglyceride absorption. However, the mechanism is not yet clear. One of the possible mechanisms is that tea polyphenols may modify dietary fat emulsification in the gastrointestinal tract. The digestive enzyme (lipase) acts on specific emulsion interface properties (droplet size and surface area). Therefore, changes in these properties may modify emulsification and lead to changes in dietary fat digestion and absorption. In this study, the effect of both green and black tea on the changes of emulsification was examined by measuring the droplet size and the surface area. A model emulsion system containing olive oil, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and bile salt was developed to simulate small intestinal conditions. Initial changes in droplet size (from 1.4 to 52.8 microm and from 1.4 to 25.9 microm) of the emulsion were observed in the presence of 1.04 mg/mL and 0.10 mg/mL of total catechins prepared from green and black tea, respectively. Both teas caused similar changes on the emulsion properties; however, black tea was more effective than green tea. The underlying mechanisms of actions of tea polyphenols are discussed.  相似文献   

Genetic Variation and Chromosomal Mosaicism in the Natural Populations of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. from Rajasthan,India     

Hardev Ram  Arun Kumar  Santosh K. Sharma 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(4):328-343

ABSTRACT

Meiotic investigations were carried out in four different accessions of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. collected from various parts of Rajasthan, India. Chromosome associations, chiasma analysis and distinct pattern of chromosome/chromatids at anaphase I and II were studied in detail. The study revealed that all the accessions had the gametic chromosome number, except one (B. aegyptiaca BSJO-25160) that had n = 18. BSJO-25160 accession was characteristic in exhibiting chimeric nature as revealed through chromosome mosaicism, which resulted in variant chromosome number ranging from n = 9 to n = 16 in different pollen mother cells analyzed. The evolutionary implications of chromosome mosaicism/chimerism and its role in the development of anueploid series are discussed in detail.  相似文献   

Nutrition,Feeding, and Behavior of Fish     

Santosh P. Lall  Sean M. Tibbetts 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice》2009,12(2):361-372

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Physiological Mechanism and Nutrient Management Strategies for Flood Tolerance in Rice Grown in Lowland Flood Prone Ecosystem     

Dwivedi  Sharad Kumar  Kumar  Santosh  Bhakta  Narayan  Srivastava  Ashish Kumar  Mishra  Janki Sharan  Kumar  Virendar  Kumara  B. H.  Bhatt  Bhagwati Prasad  Singh  Sudhanshu 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2018,21(4):321-331

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - In flood-prone areas, rice must have flood tolerance characteristics either through genotypic selections or by nutrient application management...  相似文献   

Serologic evidence of avian influenza H9N2 and paramyxovirus type 1 infection in emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in India     

Shinde PV  Koratkar SS  Pawar SD  Kale SD  Rawankar AS  Mishra AC 《Avian diseases》2012,56(1):257-260

An avian influenza (AI) surveillance was undertaken in Maharashtra state, India during the period 2010-2011. There are no reports of AI surveillance in emus from India. A total of 202 blood samples and 467 tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected from eight emu farms. A hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay was performed for detection of antibodies against AI H5N1, H7N1, H9N2, and avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1) viruses. A microneutralization (MN) assay was performed to confirm the presence of neutralizing antibodies against AI H9N2 and to compare with HI assays. A total of 28.2% and 28.7% of samples were positive for antibodies against AI H9N2 by HI and MN assays, respectively, using > or = 1:40 as a cut-off titer; 15.3% samples were positive for APMV-1 by HI assay using a > or = 1:10 cut-off titer. Seropositivity of AI H9N2 was nil in the grower (<1 yr) age group and highest (78%) in the breeder (2-3 yr) age group, whereas seropositivity against APMV-1 was observed in all age groups. Performance of both HI and MN assays was similar, suggesting the utility of using the MN assay along with HI assay for surveillance studies. This is the first report of the seroprevalence of AI H9N2 and APMV-1 in emus in India.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of sodium content and Na/K ratio in relation to salinity tolerance in pearl millet Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.     

Arjuna Rao Palakollu Venkata  Panda Kusuma Kumari  Tavva Surya Santosh Mohan Dev  Muktinutalapati Venkata Subba Rao  Vangury Manga 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2012,15(3):195-203

Genetic analysis of sodium and sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratios in leaf and stem was carried out through diallel analysis involving two tolerant, one moderately tolerant, and two sensitive genotypes as parents. Three-week-old seedlings were subjected to a critical level of salinization (17 decisiemens per meter of electrical conductivity). Leaf and stem sampling (from 5 parents and 20 hybrids arranged in a randomized block design with three replications of 10 each) was done 30 days after salinization when susceptible parents were severely effected. Predominance of non-additive gene action for stem sodium and dominance component for leaf Na/K were noticed while both additive and non-additive components played a significant role for stem Na/K. A single group of genes seems to be operative for these characters. Hybrids produced by crossing the two sensitive parents were tolerant suggesting genetic complementation and involvement of different loci in the two parents for salinity tolerance. The overall dominant nature of tolerance and the additive gene action for these salinity related characters suggested the possibility of breeding pearl millet lines through hybridization and selection to pyramid the favorable genes.  相似文献   

基于超宽带无线定位的农业设施内移动平台路径跟踪研究   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

姚立健  Santosh K Pitl  杨自栋  夏坡坡  赵辰彦 《农业工程学报》2019,35(2):17-24

为实现农业设施内车辆自动导航,提出了一种基于超宽带(ultrawideband,UWB)无线定位的路径跟踪方法。运用4个基站组建UWB无线定位系统,采用加权最小二乘法(weighted least squares, WLS)法解超静定方程组,提高了移动标签的定位精度。重新定义前视距离,根据车体航向与前视直线的夹角界定车体偏差程度,并提出基于动态前视距离的改进型纯追踪模型。在MATLAB 2016a软件环境下的仿真说明该文算法优于采用固定视距的传统纯追踪算法,并进行实车试验。结果显示,在UWB定位系统的引导下,车体在不同初始状态下均能很好地收敛到期望直线,当速度为0.5 m/s时,在4种初始状态下进行直线跟踪,稳态偏差为5.4～8.4 cm,稳态偏差均值为6.3 cm。在矩形路径跟踪时,当横向偏差和航向偏差均为0的初始状态下,全程平均偏差为20.6 cm,跟踪偏差主要出现在90°转向处,最大偏差为85.5 cm,说明改进后的纯追踪算法的路径追踪质量均优于采用固定视距的传统纯追踪模型,能满足农业设施内移动平台自动导航的需求。该方法可为农业设施内车辆导航提供新思路。  相似文献