Effects of aromatic ring type on reactions subsequent to the <Emphasis Type="Italic">β</Emphasis>-<Emphasis Type="Italic">O</Emphasis>-4 bond cleavage of non-phenolic lignin model compounds under alkaline pulping conditions     

Satoko Shimizu  Pattaraporn Posoknistakul  Takuya Akiyama  Tomoya Yokoyama  Yuji Matsumoto 《Journal of Wood Science》2018,64(5):664-674

The reaction products of an alkaline treatment of non-phenolic β-O-4-type lignin model compounds (C₆–C₂-type) consisting of p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and/or syringyl (S) nuclei were identified and quantified. This was performed to examine how the type of H, G, or S nucleus affect the reaction product profiles. The major identified and quantified reaction products were phenol derivatives that were liberated from the aryl sides of the β-O-4 ether bonds of the lignin model compounds. Other products included derivatives of phenylethane-1,2-diol (glycol-type), benzaldehyde, and acetophenone, which originated from the alkyl sides of the β-O-4 ether bonds of the lignin model compounds. Although the type of aromatic nucleus of the aryl side of the β-O-4 ether bond of the lignin model compounds did not significantly affect the profile of the reaction products, the type of the alkyl side nucleus was influential. The glycol-type compound was the exclusive major reaction product when the S nucleus was on the alkyl side of the β-O-4 ether bond. On the other hand, when the H or G nucleus was present, a benzaldehyde derivative was the other major reaction product.  相似文献   

野生大豆、黑豆和大豆的异黄酮类成分比较   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

周三  关崎春雄  岳旺  泽聪子  杨志宏 《大豆科学》2008,27(2):315-319

野生大豆主产于中国,古时为珍贵药材,但现代将其作药用的研究较少。以同样种植条件下收获的野生大豆、黑豆和大豆为材料,用HPLC法、凯氏定氮法和索氏残渣法分别测定其大豆异黄酮、蛋白质和脂肪含量,以此比较野生大豆、黑豆和大豆的药用价值。结果表明：12种大豆异黄酮类组分的总含量大小顺序为：野生大豆〉黑豆〉大豆;野生大豆和黑豆中黄豆苷和染料木苷含量特别突出,而且其相应的苷元含量也较高,大豆中则是丙二酰基化的黄豆苷和丙二酰基化的染料木苷含量特别突出,而其相应的苷元组分含量极低;相关性分析表明三种大豆的不同品种,大豆异黄酮总含量与其百粒重和脂肪含量呈极显著负相关,但与蛋白质含量的相关性不显著。结果说明野生大豆的药用研究应受到重视。  相似文献   

Changes in developmental duration of direct-seeded rice in a well-drained paddy field in response to late planting     

Satoko Yasumoto  Natsumi Maki  Makoto Kojima  Yasuo Ohshita 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(3):279-287

We investigated changes in the developmental duration of rice cultivars with a wide range of maturities in response to late planting. Elucidating the relationship between cropping season and the progress of growth stages is important for establishing direct-seeded cultivation and creating growth models. Late planting of the intermediate to late maturing cultivars Akidawara and Hoshijirushi decreased the time from emergence to panicle formation and decreased the cumulative effective temperature (CET) and cumulative effective soil temperature (CEST). In the very early maturing cultivars Ichibanboshi and Fusakogane, the changes in number of days, CET, and CEST from emergence to panicle formation with late planting were small. From emergence to heading and maturity, the number of days, CET, and CEST of many cultivars tended to increase until mid-May and then decreased. The changes in the number of days, CET, and CEST caused by late planting were greater for the intermediate to late maturing cultivars than for the very early maturing cultivars. The differences between cultivars were greatest with early May sowing, and then decreased with later planting. Short-day condition revealed significant differences in the duration of vegetative growth and CET among cultivars, but long-day condition erased these differences. These results demonstrate that the photosensitivity and thermosensitivity of cultivars are especially important in crop planning and for creating growth models of direct-seeded rice.  相似文献   

Virucidal and Immunostimulating Activities of Monogalactosyl Diacylglyceride from Coccomyxa sp. KJ,a Green Microalga,against Murine Norovirus and Feline Calicivirus     

Kyoko Hayashi  Satoko Komatsu  Hitoshi Kuno  Satomi Asai  Iori Matsuura  Vyankatesh Ramlu Kudkyal  Toshio Kawahara 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

Human noroviruses are the most common pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis and may lead to more severe illnesses among immunosuppressed people, including elderly and organ transplant recipients. To date, there are no safe and effective vaccines or antiviral agents for norovirus infections. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the antiviral activity of monogalactosyl diacylglyceride (MGDG) isolated from a microalga, Coccomyxa sp. KJ, against murine norovirus (MNV) and feline calicivirus (FCV), the surrogates for human norovirus. MGDG showed virucidal activities against these viruses in a dose- and time-dependent manner—MGDG at 100 μg/mL reduced the infectivity of MNV and FCV to approximately 10% after 60 min incubation. In the animal experiments of MNV infection, intraoral administration of MGDG (1 mg/day) exerted a therapeutic effect by suppressing viral shedding in the feces and produced high neutralizing antibody titers in sera and feces. When MGDG was orally administered to immunocompromised mice treated with 5-fluorouracil, the compound exhibited earlier stopping of viral shedding and higher neutralizing antibody titers of sera than those in the control mice administered with distilled water. Thus, MGDG may offer a new therapeutic and prophylactic alternative against norovirus infections.  相似文献   

Modification of cortically induced responses in brain stem by shift of attention in monkeys     

WADA JA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1961,133(3445):40-42

The frequency of lethal mutations occurring in Drosophila melanogaster was reduced by approximately one-half when irradiated males were treated with actinomycin D, which also inhibited the appearance of melanotic atypical growths in the strain used for the study.  相似文献   

Occurrence of blood disease of banana in Sumatra,Indonesia     

Satoko?Kusumoto  Titik N.?Aeny  Subli?Mujimu  Cipto?Ginting  Takashi?Tsuge  Shinji?Tsuyumu  Yuichi?TakikawaEmail author 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(1):45-49

Since 1991, the sudden death of cultivated banana plants has been widely observed in the southern region of Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Wilting from loss of petiole and midrib turgidity, yellowing, and necrosis of leaves was followed by death of the whole plant. Reddish brown bacterial ooze exuded from the cut surface of infected pseudostems and fruits. The colony appearance of the isolated bacterium was similar to that of Ralstonia solanacearum. The bacterium was pathogenic to banana plants but not to tomato. Its bacteriological properties agreed with those of blood disease bacterium (BDB) of banana described previously. The 16S rDNA sequence of strain Banana E had conserved bases characteristic of BDB. Based on these results, the causal agent was identified as BDB, which is a close relative of Ralstonia. The isolates have resistance against antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol and tetracycline.The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession number AB095535  相似文献   

Prominent expression of spinocerebellar ataxia type-1 (SCA1) gene encoding ataxin-1 in LH-producing cells, LbetaT2     

Ogawa S  Aikawa S  Kato T  Tomizawa K  Tsukamura H  Maeda K  Petric N  Elsaesser F  Kato Y 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2004,50(5):557-563

The LH-producing cell line, LbetaT2, and non LH-producing cell line, alphaT3-1 cells, established from a pituitary tumor, were employed for cDNA subtraction cloning to identify genes with expression unique to LH producing cells. Several cDNAs that code for known as well as for many unidentified clones were discovered. Most clones were the spinocerebellar ataxia type-1 (SCA1) gene encoding ataxin-1, the abnormality of which causes neurodegeneration and loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells. We examined whether the expression of SCA1 gene in LbetaT2 cells is related to hormone production. We also compared the expression of SCA1 with that in various other pituitary tumor derived cell lines, and confirmed the prominent expression of SCA1 in LbetaT2 cells. The effect of gonadal factor(s) for SCA1 gene expression was examined. The expression level in female rats was low and did not change during the estrus cycle, but increased significantly after ovariectomy and did not return to the normal level under low and high doses of estrogen. In the male pituitary SCA1 gene expression increased markedly after castration and was not decreased by estrogen or testosterone. The Ontogeny of SCA1 gene expression was investigated in porcine fetal and postnatal pituitaries and revealed biphasic and sexually dimorphic expression. Transient expression of SCA1 gene was observed at fetal day 50 and 65 in males and day 40 in females, followed by a decline and increased expression before birth in both genders. Thus the expression of SCA1 gene is prominent in LH-producing cells and is not under direct control of gonadal factor(s) in both genders. In addition to the variable expression of SCA1 gene during the fetus period, the present results provide a novel aspect to the understanding of Boucher-Neuhauser syndrome (Ataxia Hypogonadism Choroidal Dystrophy).  相似文献   

Effects of androgen on plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol during transportation in goats     

Aoyama M  Maejima Y  Keyaki S  Muroi M  Tohei A  Sugita S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(11):1109-1114

Previously, we demonstrated that plasma cortisol (Cor) levels were increased by road transportation in castrated male goats, but the extent of the increase was significantly reduced by 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) implantation. This study aims to clarify whether the reduction of Cor secretion by androgen during transportation results from reduced plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Castrated goats were implanted separately with cholesterol (Cho), testosterone (T) or DHT, followed by transportation. Plasma Cor levels increased during transportation regardless of hormone treatment, but the levels in T and DHT treated animals were lower than those in animals treated with Cho. Plasma ACTH levels also increased during transportation, and those in T treated animals were significantly lower than in those treated with Cho. However, plasma ACTH levels in DHT treated animals varied among the animals and did not differ from those in Cho treated animals. Significant and highly positive correlations between the logarithm of plasma ACTH levels and plasma Cor levels were found in every treatment group. The areas under the regression curves between plasma ACTH levels and plasma Cor levels associated with T and DHT treatments were significantly lower than those with Cho treatment. In conclusion, T was shown to reduce ACTH secretion in response to transportation in castrated goats. However, this suppression of the increase in Cor secretion during transportation by androgen is suggested to be mainly a result of suppression of the responsiveness of the adrenal cortex to ACTH.  相似文献   

The Medicago truncatula–Mycosphaerella pinodes interaction: a new pathosystem for dissecting fungal-suppressor-mediated disease susceptibility in plants     

Kazuhiro Toyoda  Satoko Ikeda  Jun-ichi Morikawa  Masaya Hirose  Aya Maeda  Tomoko Suzuki  Yoshishige Inagaki  Yuki Ichinose  Tomonori Shiraishi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(1):1-11

  相似文献   

Leaf spot of barnyardgrass caused by Exserohilum oryzicola in Japan and the fungal influence on rice,barley, bread wheat,durum wheat,and soybean     

Tomioka  Keisuke  Asami  Hidenori  Chiba  Masahiro  Kobayashi  Hidekazu  Nagata  Kenji  Mori  Shinsuke  Yamazaki  Ryo  Kawasaki  Yohei  Yasumoto  Satoko  Masunaka  Akira  Sekiguchi  Hiroyuki  Ishikawa  Naoyuki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2021,87(5):281-286

Journal of General Plant Pathology - Brown lesions were found on leaves of the weed barnyardgrass in paddy fields in Hiroshima Prefecture in western Japan in June 2017. A fungus, isolated...  相似文献