The authors demonstrate a novel, efficient, and widely applicable approach to direct the patterning of ligand-functionalized organic nanoparticles derived from albumin on nonconductive, biodegradable polymeric substrates. In contrast to traditional deposition methods for inorganic nanoparticles, the approach involves oxygen plasma treatment of spatially restricted regions on a nonbiopermissive polymer. Albumin nanoparticles conjugated with a truncated fragment of fibronectin containing the Arg-Gly-Asp domain were successfully patterned and used as templates to elicit adhesion and spreading of human mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts. Attachment and spreading of both cell types into the plasma-exposed polymer areas was considerably more pronounced than with the ligand alone. The authors hypothesize that the underlying mechanism is oxygen plasma treatment-induced selective enhancement of ligand exposure from the deposited functionalized nanoparticles, which facilitates ligand receptor clustering at the cell membrane. The results highlight a promising nanoscale approach to modulate ligand presentation and spatially direct cell attachment and phenotypic behaviors. 相似文献
The detailed characterization of the organic composition of industrial effluents discharged from various industrial branches and the distribution of the emitted pollutants in the surface waters in North Rhine-Westphalia have been done with the use of non-target screening analyses. Based on the characterization of molecular structures of wastewater constituents, their quantification as well as the available information on their origin and industrial applications, the identification of typical organic representatives for petrochemical and food effluents has been performed. Among a wide range of hydrocarbons detected in the petrochemical effluents, several novel organic wastewater constituents have been found for the first time. In the effluents from paper production plant, potential industrial indicators were distinguished, such as resin acids (abietic and dehydroabietic acids) and photoinitiators (Irgacure 184). The monitoring of the behaviour of certain environmentally relevant and newly described pollutants in the contaminated river systems allowed the identification of several industrial site-specific markers. Particularly, 2-(chloromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane, an unknown contaminant, exclusively found in the effluents from a chemical production complex, was present in the river under discharge at high concentrations downstream the contamination source. The comprehensive and detailed evaluation of the anthropogenic markers in the industrial effluents is a promising tool for the environmental assessment of industrial emissions, especially if accompanied with toxicological and ecotoxicological investigations of novel environmental contaminants. 相似文献
Lipophilic anthropogenic contaminants enter the environment from different kinds of human activities and corresponding emission sources. In the hydrosphere, they accumulate frequently in specific sedimentary zones, among others, and at coastal areas, forming reservoirs of pollutants. Marine and freshwater sediment samples as well as soil samples from a highly industrialized coastal area in Northern Greece have been analyzed in order to have a detailed view on the state of the particle-associated pollution. Noteworthy, based on extended GC/MS non-target screening analyses, interesting, so far unknown, or rarely documented contaminants have been identified and quantified comprising, e.g., mono- and dichlorocarbazoles, bromocarbazole, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-nitrophenol, etc. However, all relevant contaminants are discussed with respect to their spatial concentration profiles, their emission sources, and their pathway. In addition, numerous pollutants are suggested to become selected for environmental monitoring programs. Hence, this study can act as an example for adapting individual monitoring programs to the individual contamination in coastal areas. 相似文献
Fluvial sediments can act as archives for lipophilic pollutants. However, their distribution within the highly dynamic regime of the river corridor is scarcely investigated. Herein, a novel approach combining geochemical investigations of sediment bodies in the river corridor of the Wurm River (catchment < 400 km2) and aerial photograph evaluation provide information about the history of river course change and the distribution of pollution by selected persistent organic compounds (POPs) and selected heavy metals.
Materials and methods
The study is based on nine sediment cores and a total number of 45 subsamples. The sediment samples were analyzed for trace element inventory (X-ray fluorescence), grain size composition (laser diffraction particle size analyzer), and organic compounds (chromatography-mass spectrometry). On the basis of quantitative data of persistent organic substances as well as three heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn) and morphological changes from 1953 until 2016 of the area of investigation provided by eight aerial photographs, analyzed sediments were assigned to different decades, and lateral migration rates as well as deposition rates were calculated.
Results and discussion
High morphodynamics within the river corridor limits the explanatory power of single approaches (for example, geochronology and radiometric dating). However, a combination enables further insight into floodplains such as the pollution history, spatial pollutant dispersal, hotspot localization, meander migration rates (0.2–0.5 m year?1), sedimentation rates (0.5–5.2 cm year?1) and estimation of hotspot remobilization. Quantitative data for the analyzed heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn) show a decreasing trend for locations with younger sediment bodies, whereas quantitative data for the synthetic organic pollutants reflect the corresponding history of emissions with increasing concentrations until a climax followed by decreasing concentrations due to restrictions regarding their application.
Conclusions
Results reveal hotspot areas for POPs and their degree of remobilization. This study demonstrates that by knowing the history of emissions of a lipophilic substance, potential hotspots can be localized solely based on a sufficient number of aerial photographs documenting the river channel migration and sediment body formation in the corresponding period of time.
