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11.
E. N. Sedov G. A. Sedysheva Z. M. Serova N. G. Gorbacheva 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2014,40(4):253-256
Long-term study of triploid varieties obtained from crossing of diploid varieties and forms with tetraploid ones has resulted in showing their high autogamy. In the case of natural self-pollination of the Rozhdestvenskoe triploid variety, the fruit yield was 12.6%, and that in the case of its cross-pollination with other varieties averaged only 9.55; in the Avgust triploid variety, the fruit yield was 4.4 and 2.8%, respectively. The high autogamy of tetraploid varieties and forms is evidenced by the following data: their crossing with diploid varieties (4x × 2x) yielded 4003 one-year seedlings, of which approximately 15% proved to be tetraploid. 相似文献
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This paper presents the data on the commercial and consumer appeal of apple fruit of different varieties and properties of their inheritance in a hybrid progeny. The purposeful selection of initial forms has made it possible to create a significant amount of varieties with high indicators of fruit quality for recent years. 相似文献
13.
E. N. Sedov G. A. Sedysheva E. V. Ul’yanovskaya Z. M. Serova 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2009,35(3):156-159
An agrobiological and cytoembryological assessment of eight apple tetraploid varieties and a number of tetraploid seedlings, the donors of diploid gametes, is given. A high breeding value of seedlings from hybridization at the polyploid level is noted. A brief economic and biological characterization of 13 new apple varieties of different ploidy obtained from intervalent crosses is given. 相似文献
14.
The Pleistocene volcanic paleosols of Armenia and Mexico combine the features of both arid and humid pedogeneses. They were
studied in order to reconstruct the environmental conditions during the period of the initial settlement of humans in these
areas. The main attention was paid to the micromorphological analysis of the pedogenic features. The pedocomplexes studied
in Armenia have been forming since the Early Pleistocene. They bear evidences of humid (weathering, clay illuviation, and
gleying) and arid (calcification) pedogeneses alternating in different soil layers and pointing to climatic cycles. The nonuniform
lithology of the soil profiles is related to pulsating volcanic activity. Mexican paleosols of the Late Pleistocene period
are similar to the lower layers of the soils in Armenia with respect to the features characteristic of the humid and arid
phases of pedogenesis. This allows us to suggest that the early stages of the formation of the Armenian pedocomplex proceeded
under warmer paleoclimatic conditions similar to those of a tropical climate. It is shown that the arid pedogenesis may erase
the features produced during the previous stage of humid pedogenesis. The studied paleosols are characterized by the destruction
of the features inherited from the humid phase (the clayey groundmass and illuviation coatings) by the newly forming calcite.
Paleopedological records point to the fact that the paleoenvironmental conditions during the periods of the initial settlement
of humans in both regions differed significantly from the modern environmental conditions in these regions. 相似文献
15.
E. N. Sedov N. S. Levgerova E. S. Salina Z. M. Serova 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2010,36(5):342-344
Long-term data on the biochemical composition and yield of juice from apply varieties bred at the All-Russian Fruit Crops
Breeding Research Institute are given. The most promising apple varieties immune and highly resistant to scab are singled
out for producing high-quality juice. 相似文献
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17.
High rates of pedogenesis on unconsolidated volcanic materials imply the accelerated generation of the soil memory. The purpose of this research was to extract the high resolution (centennial scale) paleopedological records from the Late Holocene paleosols of the El Chichón volcano formed during the last 2000 years. We studied buried monogenetic Andosols on the dated tephras and a pedocomplex formed from a set of thin ash layers deposited on older Acrisol derived from shales. Particle size distribution, DCB-extractable Fe, oxalate-extractable Fe, Al and Si, sand and clay mineralogy, organic carbon content and stable C isotope composition in humus were evaluated and interpreted as the elements of the soil memory. However, some differences were found in properties of two buried soils, especially in the kind of A horizons. We attribute such differences of individual Andosols to be caused by ancient human impact because it has been demonstrated that humid conditions persisted during the last 1300 years. Thus the drought that was supposed to provoke the collapse of the Maya civilization at the end of I millennium A.D., should have been a short-term event, below the resolution of this paleopedological record. The Andic Acrisol pedocomplex demonstrated the domination of the humid tropical climate over longer time intervals (probably major part of the Holocene) with possible minor dry episodes. 相似文献
18.
Chemical and optical characteristics of soil humus have been analyzed as “memory” components of the Pleistocene volcanic paleosols in Mexico. We have studied the A1 horizons of buried Andosols of the Nevado de Toluca series and of the modern Andosols formed under different bioclimatic conditions. Data on the organic matter of buried paleosols suggest that Andosols of the Nevado de Toluca series were formed in humid forest ecosystems. Optical characteristics of the humic acids and data on the molecular-mass distribution of the humus make it possible to assume that these soils were formed under pine forests rather than under fir forests. 相似文献
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S. N. Sedov A. L. Aleksandrovskii M. Benz V. I. Balabina T. N. Mishina V. A. Shishkov F. Şahin V. Özkaya 《Eurasian Soil Science》2017,50(4):373-386
Soils and sediments composing Tell Körtik Tepe (Epipaleolithic, Turkey) and Tell Yunatsite (Chalcolithic (Eneolithic), Bulgaria) have been studied with the aim to gain a better insight into their microfabrics, determine the composition of anthropogenic artifacts, and, on this basis, to analyze similarities and distinctions between these objects and the modern soils of urban areas. The methods of micromorphology, scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer, X-ray fluorometry, and other techniques to determine the chemical and physical properties of the soils and sediments have been applied. Two paleosols have been identified in Tell Yunatsite with a total thickness of 9 m: the paleosol buried under the tell and the paleosol in its middle part. Sediments of Tell Körtik Tepe have a total thickness of up to 5 m; their accumulation began at the end of Pleistocene over the surface of buried paleosol. The cultural layer of the tells consists of construction debris mainly represented by a mixture of clay and sand and of domestic wastes with the high content of phosphorus. The major source of phosphorus is calcium phosphate (apatite) of bone tissues. The abundance of various anthropogenic materials in the sediments is clearly seen in thin sections. Even in the paleosols developed within the cultural layer (the mid-profile paleosol in Tell Yunatsite), the amount of microinclusions of bone fragments, charcoal, and burnt clay (ceramics) is very high. Micromorphological data indicate that up to 50% of the layered material filling an Epipaleolithic construction in Tell Körtik Tepe consists of the anthropogenic inclusions: bone fragments, charcoal, etc. The features of pedogenic transformation are present in the sediments. Such sediments can be classified as synlithogenic soils similar to the modern Urbic Technosols. It is shown that the formation of paleosols and sediments of Tell Körtik Tepe took place under extreme environmental conditions—arid climate of the latest Pleistocene climate cooling phase (the Younger Dryas, Tell Körtik Tepe)—and intensive anthropogenic loads (tells Körtik Tepe and Yunatsite). 相似文献