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61.
Silage fermentation profile,chemical composition and economic evaluation of millet and soya bean grown in monocultures and as intercrops 
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下载免费PDF全文 E. Jahanzad A. Sadeghpour M. Hashemi R. Keshavarz Afshar M. B. Hosseini A. V. Barker 《Grass and Forage Science》2016,71(4):584-594
In recent years, dairy farmers in semi‐arid regions have shifted from maize (Zea mays L.) as their primary source of feed to drought‐tolerant crops, such as millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), due to lack of water for irrigation. However, millet alone may not provide feed of sufficient quality and crude protein content for dairy cows. A field experiment was conducted in 2 years to evaluate (i) whether intercropping millet with a relatively drought‐tolerant soya bean cultivar (Glycine max Merr, cv. Williams) could improve silage quality with minimum yield penalty, and (ii) if the application of molasses could further enhance the nutritive value of silage of millet–soya bean intercrops. There were three intercropping ratios (60% millet with 40% soya bean, 50% millet with 50% soya bean, 40% millet with 60% soya bean) and monocultures of millet and soya bean. Mixed forages were treated with three levels of molasses: M0 (without molasses), M1, and M2 (2·5 and 5% fresh matter respectively). Inclusion of soya bean in millet crops resulted in decreased silage yield compared with millet alone. The highest yield was obtained from the ratio of 60% millet with 40% soya bean. Molasses‐treated silage had higher lactic acid, lower pH, and lower acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). Silage produced from millet–soya bean intercrops exhibited enhanced fermentation, indicated by lower pH (3·64) and higher lactic acid (16·63 g kg?1 DM) than silage from monocultures. Intercropping ratios had lower water‐soluble carbohydrate, ADF and NDF than millet monoculture. Overall, an intercropping ratio of 60% millet with 40% soya bean was advantageous over other ratios in terms of higher yield, nutritive value and economic value. 相似文献
62.
To investigate the effect of boric acid on yield and yield components of three white bean cultivars consisted of Jules, G11867, and Shekoofa, a 2-year field split-plot experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2013 and 2014. Boron treatments consisted of 1 – control (no boric acid), 2 and 3 – application of 2 and 4?kg ha?1 of boric acid by irrigation water, respectively, 4 and 5 – foliar spray of 0.025% and 0.05% of boric acid solutions, respectively, and 6 – combination of 2?kg ha?1 of boric acid in irrigation water?+?foliar spray by 0.025% boric acid solution. Boron application significantly increased yield and its components in respect to control. The highest grain yields of all cultivars were obtained from application of 2?kg ha?1 boric acid mixed in irrigation water?+?foliar spray by 0.025% of boric acid solution. 相似文献
63.
Hosseini SS Ghorbani M Ghahremanzadeh M 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(3):458-462
This study attempts to measure the effects of soil conservation practices on soil quality in dry-farmed wheat in Iran (Zanjan province) using a bio-economic production function. Because of the nature of data (panel data) and information used in this study, error components approach (REM method) was used for estimating the production functions. The results indicate that the shadow price increases with soil depth and its magnitude is greater 72% in average--in conserved soils compared to non-conserved ones. In fact the results support the effectiveness of soil conservation in improving physical, chemical and biochemical properties of soil which contributes to sustainable agriculture. Finally, soil conservation benefits were estimated to be about 29.98 dollar pre hectare. That may be use for extension, payment of green subsidy, investment and adoption of new technologies for soil conservation. In this way, it will increase the real value of farm and farmer's welfare. 相似文献
64.
N.M. Hosseini J.A. Palta J.D. Berger K.H.M. Siddique 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(12):1732-1736
Soil water content at sowing is an important determinant of chickpea seed emergence and early growth. The seed emergence and seedling growth of 9 kabuli and 11 desi chickpea genotypes sown and grown under four soil moisture contents (25, 50, 75 and 100% of field capacity) was measured in a glasshouse study. Across soil moisture treatments the day of first emergence was negatively correlated to all plant growth parameters, e.g. above-ground biomass and plant height (r = −0.83 to −0.94). At 50 and 25% field capacity the onset of seed emergence was delayed, and both the number of seeds that emerged and early growth were reduced. Within the 25% soil moisture treatment, genotypes with an early emergence had a high rate of emergence (as estimated by regression against time) and produced seedlings with a high specific leaf area. Genotypic differences were observed in the number of seeds that emerged, day of first emergence, and early growth across the soil moisture treatments. Differences in final emergence were not related to chickpea type (i.e. desi or kabuli) or seed size, but the kabuli types emerged later than desi types (P < 0.001). The response of early dry matter production and leaf area to soil moisture was quadratically proportional to seed size, while the plant height response was linearly proportional to seed size. As a consequence kabuli chickpeas generated a higher degree of early vigour than desi types as soil moisture increased until seed sizes become extremely large, whereas under low soil moisture, kabuli chickpeas will have a much smaller or possibly no early vigour advantage over desi types. 相似文献
65.
Shahla Hosseini Bai Timothy J. Blumfield Frédérique Reverchon 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(1):37-44
Three mulch treatments were tested for their ability to control erosion on a sloping site. Additionally, the choice of mulch can also enhance revegetation success and improve soil organic matter input. This study aimed to investigate the effects of three mulching treatments, hydro-seeding, granite mulch and forest mulch, on soil C and N pools at different positions on highly erodible slope with approximately 30 % gradient. Soil moisture, total C (TC), total N (TN), hot water-extractable organic C (HWEOC), hot water-extractable total N (HWETN), microbial biomass C and N (MBC and MBN), inorganic N and potentially mineralisable N were measured. All variables were significantly higher in soils amended with forest mulch than those with hydro-seeding and granite mulch, for the same slope positions. Soil moisture was significantly higher in the lower slope position than middle and upper slope positions in hydro-seeding and granite mulch treatments, whereas no slope effect was observed on soil moisture under the forest mulch application. In the forest mulch treatment, the upper slope position had higher soil TC, TN, HWEOC, HWETN, MBC, MBN, NO3 ?-N and total inorganic N than the middle and lower slope positions. Five years following mulch application, forest mulch still exerted a significant influence on soil fertility compared to the other treatments and the influence on soil moisture suggests that this treatment would be the most effective in the control of water-driven soil erosion on this steep site. 相似文献
66.
Common carp juveniles were fed two types of diet (control: 0.1% tryptophan and TRP: 0.6% tryptophan) over 15 days. Thereafter, both groups were directly subjected to osmotic challenge (from 0 to 10 ppt) for 168 h. Blood samples were collected at ?240, 0, 6, 24, 72 and 168 h after challenge. Survival and serum cortisol, glucose, sodium and chloride levels were measured to determine stress response and osmoregulation condition. While TRP group showed no mortality until 168 h, cumulative mortality was near 100% at 72 h after challenge in control group. Feeding tryptophan-supplemented diet led to increase in prechallenge cortisol, but not glucose, sodium and chloride values at ?240 h that stayed elevated until 0 h after challenge. After challenge, cortisol and glucose values did not significantly affected by time of sampling but type of diet and diet × time interaction. Sodium values significantly affected by diet type and time of sampling but not their interaction. Chloride values significantly affected by time of sampling but not diet type and their interaction. Control group had higher cortisol, glucose and sodium than TRP at each time of sampling. Control and TRP group showed increasing and decreasing pattern in cortisol and glucose values when experiment progressed after osmotic challenge. Both group showed increasing pattern in sodium and chloride values when experiment progressed after osmotic challenge. Results indicated that tryptophan supplementation enhanced salt water tolerance of carp that is due to increase in basal cortisol and anti-stress effect of tryptophan and possibly increase in serotonergic activity. 相似文献
67.
Marashifard Masoud Karimi Aliabad Zahra Malek Hosseini Seyed Ali Asghar Darban-Sarokhalil Davood Mirzaii Mehdi Khoramrooz Seyed Sajjad 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(3):575-580
The aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence of some virulence genes and also determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of E. coli isolated from bovine with subclinical mastitis. The milk of 502 cows was collected from 8 dairy herds in the southwest of Iran. Conventional biochemical tests were used for identification of E. coli at the species level. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of E. coli isolates were determined by disc agar diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of seven virulence genes including f17A, afaE-8, afaD-8, eaeA, cnf1, cnf2, and iucD. Seventy (13.94%) isolates of E. coli were identified in 502 milk samples. The highest rate of resistance was observed against tetracycline (18.6%), while none of the isolates were resistant to streptomycin. Eight (11.5%) out of 70 E. coli isolates carried at least one of the virulence genes. The afaD-8 was the most prevalent gene detected in 5 (7.1%) isolates. The afaE-8, iucD, and eaeA were detected in 3, 3, and 2 isolates respectively. Low prevalence of virulence factors may be indicating that most of the E. coli isolates originated from the commensal flora of cows and enter to the udders via environment contamination with feces.
相似文献68.
Afshin Hosseini Mustafa Salman Zheng Zhou James K.Drackley Erminio Trevisi Juan J.Loor 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2018,(1)
Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of overfeeding a moderate energy diet and a2,4-thiazolidinedione(TZD) injection on blood and hepatic tissue biomarkers of lipid metabolism, oxidative stress,and inflammation as it relates to insulin sensitivity.Results: Fourteen dry non-pregnant cows were fed a control(CON) diet to meet 100% of NRC requirements for3 wk, after which half of the cows were assigned to a moderate-energy diet(OVE) and half of the cows continued on CON for 6 wk. All cows received an intravenous injection of 4 mg TZD/kg of body weight(BW) daily from 2 wk after initiation of dietary treatments and for 2 additional week. Compared with CON cows and before TZD treatment, the OVE cows had lower concentration of total protein, urea and albumin over time. The concentration of cholesterol and tocopherol was greater after 2 wk of TZD regardless of diet. Before and after TZD, the OVE cows had greater concentrations of AST/GOT, while concentrations of paraoxonase, total protein, globulin, myeloperoxidase, and haptoglobin were lower compared with CON cows. Regardless of diet, TZD administration increased the concentration of ceruloplasmin, ROMt, cholesterol, tocopherol, total protein, globulin, myeloperoxidase and beta-carotene. In contrast,the concentration of haptoglobin decreased at the end of TZD injection regardless of diet. Prior to TZD injection, the mR NA expression of PC, ANGPTL4, FGF21, INSR, ACOX1, and PPARD in liver of OVE cows was lower compared with CON cows. In contrast, the expression of HMGCS2 was greater in OVE compared with CON cows. After 1 wk of TZD administration the expression of IRS1 decreased regardless of diet; whereas, expression of INSR increased after 2 wk of TZD injection. Cows fed OVE had lower overal expression of TNF, INSR, PC, ACOX1, FGF21, and PPARD but greater HMGCS2 expression. These differences were most evident before and after 1 wk of TZD injection, and by 2 wk of TZD differences in expression for most genes disappeared.Conclusions: Based on molecular and blood data, administration of TZD enhanced some aspects of insulin sensitivity while causing contradictory results in terms of inflammation and oxidative stress. The bovine liver is TZD-responsive and level of dietary energy can modify the effects of TZD. Because insulin sensitizers have been proposed as useful tools to manage dairy cows during the transition period, further studies are required to investigate the potential hepatotoxicity effect of TZD(or similar compounds) in dairy cattle. 相似文献
69.
Physical soil properties and slope treatments effects on hydraulic excavator productivity for forest road construction 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Parsakho A Hosseini SA Jalilvand H Lotfalian M 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(11):1422-1428
Effects of moisture, porosity and soil bulk density properties, grubbing time and terrain side slopes on pc 220 komatsu hydraulic excavator productivity were investigated in Miana forests road construction project which located in the northern forest of Iran. Soil moisture and porosity determined by samples were taken from undisturbed soil. The elements of daily works were measured with a digital stop watch and video camera in 14 observations (days). The road length and cross section profiles after each 20 m were selected to estimate earthworks volume. Results showed that the mean production rates for the pc 220 komatsu excavators were 60.13 m3 h(-1) and earthwork 14.76 m h(-1) when the mean depth of excavation or cutting was 4.27 m3 m(-1), respectively. There was no significant effects (p = 0.5288) from the slope classes' treatments on productivity, whereas grubbing time, soil moisture, bulk density and porosity had significantly affected on excavator earthworks volume (p < 0.0001). Clear difference was showed between the earthwork length by slope classes (p = 0.0060). Grubbing time (p = 0.2180), soil moisture (p = 0.1622), bulk density (p = 0.2490) and porosity (p = 0.2159) had no significant effect on the excavator earthworks length. 相似文献
70.
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In the central and south eastern provinces of Iran, alfalfa plants showing phytoplasma diseases-like symptoms categorized into three major types, namely... 相似文献