Abiotic stress has a negative impact on plant physiology, influencing the overall growth and development of plant crops. Saline stress is one of the most serious environmental issues limiting crop plant production. Biofertilizers are reparative elements used in soil to increase tolerance to salinity and drought stress. We investigated the effect of salinity stress on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cherry tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum cerasiforme) with biofertilizer application 0, 15 and 30 days after transplanting in this study. After different days of transplantation, different levels of salinity (0, 50, 100, and 150?mM) were used with biofertilizer (Azospirillum sp. and Azotobacter sp.) application (0, 15 and 30 days). The salinity (150?mM NaCl) significantly affected the studied variables, which were recorded with minimum levels of leaf area (52.42?cm2), root length (6.54?cm), fresh root weight (13.64?g), yield (6.52 tons/ha), leaf chlorophyll content (36.11?mg/m2) and maximum levels of total soluble solids (TSS, 8.87 °Brix). Control samples had higher leaf area (58.35?cm2), root length (15.23?cm), fresh root weight (17.86?g), yield (9.39 tons/ha), leaf chlorophyll content (44.09?mg/m2), and lower TSS (7.93 °Brix). Plants that received biofertilizer (15 days after transplanting) had higher plant height (73.41?cm), stem diameter (0.74?cm), leaf area (61.16?cm2), root length (15.35?cm), fresh root weight (18.38?g), root dry matter (60.41%), yield (10.43?t/ha), leaf chlorophyll content (42.55?mg/m2), fruit dry matter content (10.12?g), pH 4.52, and TSS (9.30 °Brix). The minimum plant height (51.33?cm), stem diameter (0.55?cm), leaf area (49.60?cm2), root length (7.04?cm), fresh root weight (12.76?g), root dry matter (42.16?g), yield (5.15 tons/ha), leaf chlorophyll content (35.18?mg/m2), fruit dry matter content (6.59?g), pH 4.27 and TSS (7.55 °Brix) were recorded in plants with no application of biofertilizer. The present study revealed that most growth and quality variables were negatively affected by salinity except for TSS, which showed positive effect with application of 150?mM of NaCl. Biofertilizer application at 15 days significantly influences the quantitative and qualitative attributes of cherry tomato under different levels of salinity.
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21.
El-Beltagi Hossam S. Ahmad Imran Basit Abdul Abd El-Lateef Hany M. Yasir Mohammad Tanveer Shah Syed Ullah Izhar Elsayed Mohamed Mohamed Maged Ali Iftikhar Ali Fawad Ali Shaukat Aziz Iftikhar Kandeel Mahmoud Zohaib Ikram Muhammad 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2022,74(2):487-499
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Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains CHA0 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), IE-6 S+ (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and 569Smr (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) were tested singly and in combinations for biological control against multiple tomato pathogens (root-infecting fungi and root-knot nematodes). Strains CHA0 and IE-6S+ inhibited in vitro growth of 569Smr while IE-6S+ suppressed CHA0. The bacterial species not only inhibited the radial growth of three root-infecting fungi, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani (AG 8), but also caused substantial mortality of Meloidogyne javanica juveniles. Used as a soil drench the three bacteria not only suppressed root-infecting fungi and root-knot nematodes but also enhanced growth of tomato plants both under glasshouse and field conditions. The suppressive effect was generally more pronounced when the bacteria were employed together. Strain IE-6S+ exhibited better rhizosphere colonization than CHA0 and 569Smr. Populations of CHA0 in the rhizosphere declined when the bacterium was used with either IE-6S+ and/or 569Smr, while populations of IE-6S+ in the rhizosphere were enhanced when used in combination with CHA0 and/or 569Smr. IE-6S+ was the only bacterium that colonized inner root tissues of tomato plants. When using an iron chelator to create iron deficiency in the soil, the biocontrol efficacy of the bacteria against F. solani and R. solani was enhanced while against M. phaseolina and M. javanica this activity remained unchanged. Only strain 569Smr gave significant suppression of M. phaseolina in both iron-deficient and iron-sufficient soils. 相似文献
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为了解2 %阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂对朱砂叶螨的生物活性,采用盆栽幼苗喷雾法、盆栽幼苗喷雾法、保湿叶碟喷雾法研究了2 %阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂对不同生长阶段朱砂叶螨的生物活性,并采用茎内吸法、涂药法研究了2 %阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂的内吸性和渗透性,探讨了温度对其杀螨活性的影响。结果表明： 2 %阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂对成螨的活性(LC50：1.247 44 mg/L)优于唑螨酯(LC50：2.189 50 mg/L)和炔螨特(LC50：12.515 49 mg/L),对若螨的活性(LC50：0.362 31 mg/L)低于阿维菌素(LC50：0.279 71 mg/L),其杀卵活性(EC50：3.563 50 mg/L)优于哒螨灵(LC50：5.561 61 mg/L)但低于噻螨酮(LC50：0.274 23 mg/L);2 %阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂对不同生长阶段的朱砂叶螨均具有较高的活性,其内吸性、渗透性均较强,在一定的温度范围内,温度越高,杀螨活性越高。本研究结果为2 %阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂的田间应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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温度与微生物制剂对小麦秸秆腐解及土壤碳氮的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】探讨不同温度和添加微生物制剂条件下,小麦秸秆腐解对土壤中不同形态碳、氮含量的影响,为评价秸秆还田措施补充土壤养分、改善土壤肥力的贡献提供理论依据。【方法】采用室内模拟恒温培养方法,于15和20 ℃条件下,在装有127.5 g风干土样的培养盆中,分别添加不同量秸秆（0.961,0 g/盆）和微生物制剂（2.88,0.961,0 mg/盆）,后培养75 d,测定秸秆腐解期间CO2释放量及腐解后土壤中不同形态碳、氮的含量。【结果】温度对秸秆腐解和养分释放影响较大,而微生物制剂未表现出作用效果。经75 d腐解培养后,添加秸秆与对照相比,15 ℃下秸秆CO2-C的净累积释放量较20 ℃下低37.1%,而土壤有机碳和微生物量碳净增量分别增加了260%和949%;同时,15 ℃下土壤全氮和铵态氮含量分别较20 ℃下降低了100%和18.4%,微生物量氮提高了262%。【结论】较低的温度有利于秸秆对土壤有机碳和微生物量碳、氮的截留和保蓄,而较高的温度会加速秸秆有机碳向无机碳转化,同时微生物制剂在本研究的水热条件下未能发挥作用。 相似文献
26.
Nasrullah Khan Moinuddin Ahmed Syed Shahid Shaukat Muhammad Wahab Muhammad Faheem Siddiqui 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2011,5(1):106-121
This study reports on the multivariate analysis of the vegetation of Hindukush Range in Pakistan, concentrating on the structure
and regeneration potential of Monotheca buxifolia and associated tree species. Twenty stands at different locations in the Dir District of the Hindukush Range in Pakistan
were chosen for the study. A point centered quarter method for trees and 5m × 5m size quadrats were used for the sampling
of understorey vegetation, including shrubs, seedlings, and saplings, respectively. The underlying group structure in vegetation
was exposed by an agglomerative clustering technique, while major trends were disclosed by DCA ordination. Size class structure
and regeneration potential of M. buxifolia and associated tree species were also examined, which reflects the future trend of species and, consequently, the forests
where they dominate. The relationships between environmental factors and vegetation were investigated. 相似文献
27.
Degradation characteristics and tannin bioassay of some browse forage from Kenya harvested during the dry season 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Isaac M. OSUGA Shaukat A. ABDULRAZAK Toshiyoshi ICHINOHE James O. ONDIEK Tsutomu FUJIHARA 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(4):414-421
The potential nutritional value of six species of browse forage from Kenya harvested during the dry season were evaluated by chemical composition, in sacco dry matter (DM) degradation and in vitro gas production technique. The effect of tannins on the rumen fermentation of the forage was evaluated using polyethylene glycol (PEG) in an in vitro study. The chemical composition of the species of browse forage differed significantly (P < 0.05). The content of organic matter ranged from 846.7 to 946.5 g/kg DM. The forage had a high crude protein content (155.5–280.9 g/kg DM) and variable content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 236.2–682.8 g/kg DM). The content of total extractable tannins was generally low (0.6–38.5 g/kg DM). At 24 h of incubation, the in sacco DM disappearance ranged from 31.2% to 84.2%. The effective DM degradability also ranged from 29.7 to 73.5%. The gas production after 96 h incubation ranged from 17.5 to 44.2 mL/200 mg DM. Use of PEG indicated that tannins had an inhibitory effect on rumen microbial fermentation and this is dependant upon the amount and activity of the tannins present. The estimated in vitro organic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy also increased numerically with the PEG addition. The result of this study indicates that such species of browse forage have the potential to be used as feed supplements for ruminants, especially during the dry season. 相似文献
28.
为了解2%阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂对朱砂叶螨的生物活性,采用盆栽幼苗喷雾法、盆栽幼苗喷雾法、保湿叶碟喷雾法研究了2%阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂对不同生长阶段朱砂叶螨的生物活性,并采用茎内吸法、涂药法研究了2%阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂的内吸性和渗透性,探讨了温度对其杀螨活性的影响。结果表明:2%阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂对成螨的活性(LC50:1.247 44 mg/L)优于唑螨酯(LC50:2.189 50 mg/L)和炔螨特(LC50:12.515 49mg/L),对若螨的活性(LC50:0.362 31 mg/L)低于阿维菌素(LC50:0.279 71 mg/L),其杀卵活性(EC50:3.563 50mg/L)优于哒螨灵(LC50:5.561 61 mg/L)但低于噻螨酮(LC50:0.274 23 mg/L);2%阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂对不同生长阶段的朱砂叶螨均具有较高的活性,其内吸性、渗透性均较强,在一定的温度范围内,温度越高,杀螨活性越高。本研究结果为2%阿维·绿僵菌素悬浮剂的田间应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
29.
【目的】研究烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci与桃蚜Myzus persicae的种间竞争。【方法】在(26±1)℃的条件下,设置了1∶1、1∶5和1∶10的种间竞争比例,调查烟粉虱和桃蚜的发育历期、存活率、成虫寿命及产卵/仔量情况。【结果】种间竞争延长了烟粉虱1~2龄若虫发育所需的时间,但对整个若虫期的发育速度影响不大。烟粉虱∶桃蚜为1∶1、1∶5时对烟粉虱若虫的存活率影响较小,但缩短了烟粉虱雌成虫的寿命、降低了其产卵量;而烟粉虱∶桃蚜为1∶10明显降低了烟粉虱若虫期的存活率,延长了烟粉虱雌成虫的寿命,提高了其后代繁殖量。种间竞争明显延长了桃蚜若虫期的发育时间,降低了若虫期的存活率。相对而言,桃蚜∶烟粉虱为1∶1、1∶5时,桃蚜成虫的寿命有所缩短,但对其单雌产仔量影响较小;桃蚜∶烟粉虱为1∶10显著延长了桃蚜雌成虫寿命的同时,降低了其单雌产仔量。【结论】生态位重叠的昆虫的种间竞争对昆虫种群数量影响很大,有时甚至会发生种间的竞争取代。 相似文献
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