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排序方式: 共有103条查询结果,搜索用时 125 毫秒
61.
S. M. M. Nakayama Y. Ikenaka A. Hayami H. Mizukawa W. S. Darwish K. P. Watanabe Y. K. Kawai M. Ishizuka 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2016,39(5):478-487
Research on drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics in large animal species including the horse is scarce because of the challenges in conducting in vivo studies. The metabolic reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are central to drug pharmacokinetics. This study elucidated the characteristics of equine CYPs using diazepam (DZP) as a model compound as this drug is widely used as an anesthetic and sedative in horses, and is principally metabolized by CYPs. Diazepam metabolic activities were measured in vitro using horse and rat liver microsomes to clarify the species differences in enzyme kinetic parameters of each metabolite (temazepam [TMZ], nordiazepam [NDZ], p‐hydroxydiazepam [p‐OH‐DZP], and oxazepam [OXZ]). In both species microsomes, TMZ was the major metabolite, but the formation rate of p‐OH‐DZP was significantly less in the horse. Inhibition assays with a CYP‐specific inhibitors and antibody suggested that CYP3A was the main enzyme responsible for DZP metabolism in horse. Four recombinant equine CYP3A isoforms expressed in Cos‐7 cells showed that CYP3A96, CYP3A94, and CYP3A89 were important for TMZ formation, whereas CYP3A97 exhibited more limited activity. Phylogenetic analysis suggested diversification of CYP3As in each mammalian order. Further study is needed to elucidate functional characteristics of each equine CYP3A isoform for effective use of diazepam in horses. 相似文献
62.
The amounts of extractable sulfate in 12 forest soils were measured as a preliminary work to study sulfur dynamics in forest
ecosystems. The sulfate content determined by the distillation method varied widely (10–880 × 10−6 gSg−1) depending on the soil type and the depth. Japanese forest soils were broadly divided into two groups in sulfate level: one
retains a large amount of sulfate and the other does not. In general, the surface soils to the depth of 10 cm contained small
amounts of sulfate (< 100 × 10−6 gSg−1), while subsoils contained more. The soil samples with low (< 4.6) or high (6 <) pH (H2O) retained small amounts of sulfate. Black soils derived from volcanic ash retained great quantities of sulfate. The two
levels of sulfate contents in Japanese forest soils suggests that the sulfur dynamics are different in these soils. 相似文献
63.
Yuichi Saeki Takeo Yamakawa Motoki Ikeda Junji Ishizuka 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):413-417
Almost all of the soybean cultivars (Glycine max L. Merr.) form nodules on their roots by infection with Bradyrhizobium japonicum. However, it has been observed that the soybean cultivars harboring nodulation conditioning genes, for instance Rj 2, Rj 3, and Rj 4, do not form effective nodules with some strains of B. japonicum. Ishizuka et al. (1991b) classified the rhizobia isolated from field-grown soybeans into nodulation-types A, B, and C based on the compatibility with these Rj-soybean cultivars. Nodulation-type B is incompatible with Rj 2 Rj 3-cultivars and type C is incompatible with Rj 4-cultivars. Nodulation-type A rhizobia are compatible with both Rj 2 Rj 3 - and Rj 4-cultivars. Furthermore, the Rj-cultivars were found to prefer appropriate nodulation-type rhizobia for nodulation, that is, non-Rj-, Rj 2 Rj 3 -, and Rj 4-cultivars prefer nodulation-types A, C, and B rhizobia, respectively (Ishizuka et al. 1991a). In the present study, in order to examine the mechanisms of preference of Rj-cultivars for rhizobial strains for nodulation, root exudates from Rj-cultivars were examined for their effects on the growth rate and chemotaxis of various types of B. japonicum strains. 相似文献
64.
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars Akisirome and Peking were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum Is-21 and Rhizobium fredii USDA 194, respectively, and were grown in cylindrical pots containing sterilized vermiculite which were aerated with CO2-free air or ambient air to study the effects of CO2 deficiency in the rhizosphere on plant growth, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation. The repressive effects of CO2-free air treatment were more conspicuous in Peking than Akisirome, and nodule number, nodule mass, amount of biologically fixed N and plant growth of Peking were reduced remarkably by the CO2-free air treatment. Acetylene reduction activity (ARA) of Peking inoculated with USDA 194 and Akisirome inoculated Is-21 was assayed in the absence and presence of CO2, ARA of Akisirome was not affected by the absence of CO2, while that of Peking decreased drastically. Based on these results, it was concluded that nitrogen fixation by Akisirome inoculated with B. japonicum Is-21 was not appreciably influenced by CO2 deficiency in the rhizosphere, while that of Peking inoculated with R. fredii USDA 194 was severely repressed, and the decrease was estimated to be due to both the reduction of the nodule mass and specific nitrogen-fixing activity. 相似文献
65.
In Japan, most of the paddy fields are laid out on alluvial plain while other land crop fields are developed on plateau. The greater part of the latter ccnsists of volcanic ash soils. 相似文献
66.
Taiki Mori Seiichi Ohta Shigehiro Ishizuka Ryota Konda Agus Wicaksono Joko Heriyanto Arisman Hardjono 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2013,49(1):13-21
An incubation experiment was conducted to examine the effects of phosphorus (P) addition with and without ammonium, nitrate, or glucose on N2O and NO emissions from soil taken under Acacia mangium plantation and incubated at 100 % water-filled pore space (WFPS). Additions of NO 3 ? stimulated the N2O and NO emissions while NH 4 + did not, showing that denitrification was the main process of N2O and NO production in the study condition. When NO 3 ? was added with P significantly (P?<?0.05) increased N2O emissions regardless of the ratio of the added nitrogen and carbon, suggesting that P addition stimulated denitrification activity. The activation of denitrification by P addition is possibly attributed to two mechanisms: (1) the added-P stimulated denitrification by relieving P shortage for denitrifying bacteria and (2) the added-P stimulated activity of heterotrophic soil microflora with increased O2 consumption promoting the development of anaerobic conditions with stimulation of denitrification. 相似文献
67.
Carbon stock in litter, deadwood and soil in Japan's forest sector and its comparison with carbon stock in agricultural soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
68.
Taiki Mori Seiichi Ohta Shigehiro Ishizuka Ryota Konda Agus Wicaksono Joko Heriyanto 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(1):45-51
We examined the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilization on N2O emissions from an Acacia mangium plantation in Indonesia. We focused on the roles of microbial and plant root activities using a trenching method to prepare root-excluded and root-including plots. In root-excluded plots, P application did not change the amount of N2O emissions. By contrast, in root-including plots, P application significantly reduced N2O emissions (from 71.1?±?20.2 to 19.3?±?5.1 mg N m?2 106 days?1). Lower total P, Bray-2 P, and Bio-P (microbial P determined by chloroform fumigation extraction method) contents in the soils of root-including plots as compared to root-excluded plots a few days after P application shows that acacia trees absorbed P fertilizer rapidly. This rapid P uptake probably relieved the P limitation of acacia and might have consistently increased root N uptake. This interpretation is supported by lower inorganic N content in P-applied soils (the average of three sampling times is 8.9 and 11.3 μg N g soil?1 in P-applied soils and soils without P application, respectively), which in turn decreased N2O emissions. Our study suggests that P fertilizer suppresses N2O emissions from tropical leguminous forest plantations. 相似文献
69.
Ken?Orihashi Ryo?Hiyama Yasuo?KojimaEmail author Minoru?Terazawa Shigehiro?Kamoda Hisatomi?Kasahara Yasuo?Takahashi 《Journal of Forest Research》2003,8(4):317-320
Resistance of the Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi) (Lk), the Kurile larch (L. gmelinii var. japonica) (Lg), and their F1 hybrid (Lg × Lk) to bark stripping by sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) were studied in a forest in Hokkaido by cafeteria tests. Several sets of logs prepared from Lk, Lg, and Lg × Lk were fed to the deer. The stripped areas of logs significantly differed between the Lk/Lg set and the Lk/Lg × Lk set (P 0.05). The resistances of Lg and Lg × Lk to bark stripping was stronger than Lk. This result was similar to those of previous studies on gray-sided voles and mountain hares in Hokkaido. 相似文献
70.
Ken-ichiro Yamashita Yukiya Hisatsune Toyohusa Sakamoto Kazuhiro Ishizuka Yosuke Tashiro 《Euphytica》2002,125(2):163-167
Chromosomes and cytoplasms were analyzed in two lines of a somatic hybrid between onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (A. sativum L.). One line of the somatic hybrid had 40 chromosomes and the other 41chromosomes. Genomic in situhybridization successfully revealed the chromosome constitution of the two lines. One line had 20 chromosomes from onion and17
chromosomes from garlic, and the other had 21 chromosomes from onion and 17chromosomes from garlic. Interestingly, both lines
had three chimeric chromosomes. PCR-RFLP analyses of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs of both lines showed that these were
identical to the onion parent.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献