Pharmacokinetics in plasma and alveolar regions of a healthy calf intramuscularly administered a single dose of orbifloxacin     

Tetsuro KURAMAE  Shingo ISHIKAWA  Aki KONO  Seiji HOBO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(3):400

This study analyzed the pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin (OBFX) in plasma, and its migration and retention in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and alveolar cells within the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Four healthy calves received a single dose of OBFX (5.0 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Post-administration OBFX dynamics were in accordance with a non-compartment model, including the absorption phase. The maximum concentration (C_max) of plasma OBFX was 2.2 ± 0.1 μg/ml at 2.3 ± 0.5 hr post administration and gradually decreased to 0.3 ± 0.2 μg/ml at 24 hr following administration. The C_max of ELF OBFX was 9.3 ± 0.4 μg/ml at 3.0 ± 2.0 hr post administration and gradually decreased to 1.2 ± 0.1 μg/ml at 24 hr following administration. The C_max of alveolar cells OBFX was 9.3 ± 2.9 μg/ml at 4.0 hr post administration and gradually decreased to 1.1 ± 0.2 μg/ml at 24 hr following administration. The half-life of OBFX in plasma, ELF, and alveolar cells were 6.9 ± 2.2, 7.0 ± 0.6, and 7.8 ± 1.6 hr, respectively. The C_max and the area under the concentration-time curve for 0–24 hr with OBFX were significantly higher in ELF and alveolar cells than in plasma (P<0.05). These results suggest that OBFX is distributed and retained at high concentrations in ELF and alveolar cells at 24 hr following administration. Hence, a single intramuscular dose of OBFX (5.0 mg/kg) may be an effective therapeutic agent against pneumonia.  相似文献   

Considerations on diving patterns of bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus based on archival tag data     

Takayuki Matsumoto  Takashi Kitagawa  Shingo Kimura 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(1):39-46

Swimming depth and selected environmental factors were examined using 2764 days of archival tag data for 18 bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus (fork length at release 58.5 ± 7.2 cm) that were captured, tagged, and released into Japanese waters. Daytime swimming depth was deeper with increasing body length. The lowest temperature encountered was usually about 10 °C or slightly higher. A positive correlation between swimming depth and light intensity at the ocean surface was dominant for during both daytime and nighttime. Synchronicity of swimming depth with deep scattering layer (DSL) was observed, except around midday. Deep diving to depths exceeding 550 m was observed a mean of 0.30 dives/fish/day. Based on the classification and analyses of deep diving pattern and consideration of environmental data, deep diving was assumed to be undertaken for the purposes of foraging, predator avoidance, and exploration of bathymetry, as well as due to aberrant behavior. Occasionally, extremely deep diving events exceeding 1000 m (maximum 1616 m) were recorded. Bigeye tuna appear to have high visual acuity and tolerance of both low and wide temperature ranges, and low dissolved oxygen content. Thus, probably bigeye tuna swimming depth is primarily adjusted based on prey distribution.  相似文献   

Cellulolytic activity in the hepatopancreas of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chionoecetes opilio</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chionoecetes japonicus</Emphasis>: enzymatic adaptations to deep sea environment     

Kohsuke Adachi  Kento Tanimura  Toshiyuki Mitsui  Takami Morita  Ikuko Yosho  Kou Ikejima  Katsuji Morioka 《Fisheries Science》2016,82(5):835-841

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Re-examination of age and growth of daggertooth pike conger Muraenesox cinereus in the western Seto Inland Sea, Japan     

Shingo Watari  Minoru Murata  Yuichi Hinoshita  Kazuki Mishiro  Shigeyuki Oda  Makoto Ishitani 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(3):367-373

Age determination and growth using otolith rings in Muraenesox cinereus was re-examined in the western Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Previous study in this area indicated that new rings were formed annually from March to May, and then from September to October once individuals had achieved four or five rings. In this study, monthly changes in marginal growth rate indicated that the first ring was formed before November in the year following hatching, and from then on another ring was formed annually in July or August. The birth month was determined to be August based on a peak in monthly change in the gonad somatic index. Estimated von Bertalanffy growth functions were L = 806.6{1 ? exp[? 0.33(t + 0.06)]} and L = 1264.0{1 ? exp[? 0.19(t + 0.15)]} for males and females, respectively. Lengths after 3 years of age in this study were 100 mm longer than those in a previous study for both sexes.  相似文献   

Is the crop insurance program effective in China? Evidence from farmers analysis in five provinces     

WANG Ke  ZHANG Qiao  Shingo Kimura  Suraya Akter 《农业科学学报》2015,14(10):2109-2120

This paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Chinese crop insurance program in terms of farmers' utility and welfare. A simulation model based on the power utility function was first developed to evaluate the effectiveness of crop insurance. Then, the Monte Carlo approach was used to generate the datasets of area, price, yield, cost, and income based on the characteristics of representative farmers, which were clustered and calibrated using the farm-level data of 574 individual farmers from five Chinese provinces. Finally, the effectiveness of Chinese crop insurance was evaluated by comparing the certainty equivalence(CE) of farmers' utility/welfare under alternative crop insurance scenarios. Government subsidy is a necessary premise for implementing the crop insurance program. The government should subsidize more than 50% of the crop insurance premium to motivate more farmers to participate in the program. The findings also show that the current crop insurance program in China has increased the farmers' welfare but still need to be improved to achieve the Pareto improvement and to make full use of the financial fund of the government. This paper is believed to not only extend academic research but also has significant implications for policymakers, especially in the context of rapid development of Chinese crop insurance with much issues such as rate, subsidy and coverage level needed to be improved.  相似文献   

Promoting Effects of Sucrose-rich Diet on N-Nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine-induced Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in Hamsters     

Sakamoto A  Goya M  Degawa Y  Mitsui M  Mori T  Tamura K  Tsutsumi M 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2010,23(1):19-24

It has been reported that there is an association between pancreatic cancer and obesity, impaired glucose metabolism and diabetes based on excess dietary fat and sugar intakes. A number of studies have suggested that a high-fat diet increases development of carcinomas in various organs and possible risk factors for pancreatic cancer. However, how an excess sugar intake promotes pancreatic carcinogenesis is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the influence of an excess sugar intake on pancreatic carcinogenesis by administration of a sucrose-rich diet in which starch was replaced by sucrose in order to contain the same calories and other nutrients. Two similar experiments were performed. Six-week-old male Syrian golden hamsters were given N-nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine (BOP) at a dose of 50 and 20 mg/kg body weight as a carcinogen in Week 0 and 1, respectively. In Week 2, the animals were divided into control and experimental groups. In experiment 1, 15 animals received a control diet or sucrose-rich diet in which 100% of the starch was replaced by sucrose, respectively. Since five animals fed on the sucrose-rich diet died by Week 12, the diet was changed to a sucrose-rich diet in which 50% of the starch was replaced by sucrose. In experiment 2, 15 animals received a control diet or sucrose-rich diet in which 50 or 20% of the starch was replaced by sucrose, respectively. All animals were sacrificed 25 weeks after the start of the experiment, and histological examination of the pancreas was performed. No significant difference was seen in the body weight at the end of the experiment. There were no significant differences in the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels between the control and sucrose-rich diet groups in experiments 1 and 2. The incidence and number of carcinomas increased in hamsters fed the sucrose-rich diet compared with the control diet in experiments 1 and 2. These results suggest that an excess sucrose intake may promote the development of pancreatic cancer in hamsters.  相似文献   

Augmentation of CCL17 and CCL28 gene expression by TNF-α, IL-1β, or IFN-γ in cultured canine keratinocytes     

Sanae Shibata  Sadatoshi Maeda  Shingo Maeda  Naoki Chimura  Naho Kondo  Tsuneo Fukata 《Research in veterinary science》2010,88(3):422-426

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Identification of overwintering vegetative cells of the bivalve-killing dinoflagellate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heterocapsa circularisquama</Emphasis> in Uranouchi Inlet,Kochi Prefecture,Japan     

Tomotaka Shiraishi  Shingo Hiroishi  Seiya Taino  Tetsu Ishikawa  Yoshihiro Hayashi  Setsuko Sakamoto  Mineo Yamaguchi  Ichiro Imai 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(1):128-136

ABSTRACT:   Red tides of Heterocapsa circularisquama have led to serious damage of bivalve aquacultures in western coastal areas of Japan. To understand the whole picture regarding the ecology of this species, it is essential to clarify its overwintering mechanisms. In this study, the population dynamics of H. circularisquama were investigated from February 2004 to November 2005, and overwintering cells were identified for the first time in water columns of Uranouchi Inlet, Kochi Prefecture, Japan. Heterocapsa circularisquama cells were detected by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique using monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize and react to this species. Vegetative cells were almost always detected from the first observation in February 2004 to November 2005 with temperatures of 10.5–30.6°C. During the period from winter to spring, this species survived in areas with a temperature higher than 10°C. The overwintering cells of H. circularisquama were isolated in March 2004, and identification was made via observation of the morphology and body scales of the cultured cells. These overwintering cells were identified as H. circularisquama and reacted to the monoclonal antibody. These results indicate that H. circularisquama can overwinter and survive throughout the year in a vegetative cell state in Uranouchi Inlet.  相似文献   

Characterization and expression of Saprospira cytoplasmic fibril protein (SCFP) gene from algicidal Saprospira spp. strains     

Takeshi Yoshikawa  Miyuki Nakahara  Ayano Tabata  Shingo Kokumai  Go Furusawa  Taizo Sakata 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(5):1109-1117

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Soil Adsorption of Urea II     

Shingo Mitsui  Hiroshi Takatoh 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):19-26

Soils have generally been considered to adsorb little amounts of urea because it scarcely dissociates in water solution. A few works^1-3) have been reported on this problem. But it should be noticed that an electrostatic adsorption might not be the sole mechanism of soil adsorption of urea. In the previous paper⁴⁾ a correlation between equilibrium concentrations of urea in soil solutions and the amount of adsorbed urea was worked out, using Tanashi paddy soil of volcanic ash origin. An adsorption coefficient of Urea on the soil was calculated from the correlation and it was suggested that the soil possibly adsorbed considerable amounts of urea by a force which was weaker than the electrostatic force. together with experiments⁴⁾ using urea derivatives such as thiourea, methylurea or dimethylurea, it was concluded that the soil adsorption of Urea was possibly due to the formation of hydrogen bondings, principally arising from amino hydrogens and partly from carbonyl oxygen in a urea molecule.  相似文献