Slow recovery of blood glucose in the insulin tolerance test during the prepartum transition period negatively impacts the nutritional status and reproductive performance postpartum of dairy cows     

Lee HH  Kida K  Miura R  Inokuma H  Miyamoto A  Kawashima C  Haneda S  Miyake Y  Matsui M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(4):457-464

In peripartum dairy cows, insulin resistance (IR) increases to adjust the direction of energy to lactation after calving. To investigate the effect of prepartum IR on postpartum reproductive performance, the insulin tolerance test (ITT) was applied to 15 cows at 3 weeks (Pre21) and 10 days (Pre10) before the predicted calving date. Blood glucose area under the curve (AUC(glu)) within 120 min after administration of 0.05 IU/kg-BW insulin was calculated. The occurrence of first ovulation, days to first artificial insemination (AI) and first AI conception rate were recorded. Nutritional status postpartum was evaluated by blood chemical analysis. Based on AUC(glu) changes from Pre21 to Pre10, cows were classified into either the AUC-up group (AUC(glu) increase, n=5) or the AUC-down group (AUC(glu) decrease, n=10). There was no difference in the decrease in blood glucose at 30 min after insulin injection between groups, although glucose recovery from 30 to 60 min during the ITT was slow at Pre10 in the AUC-up group. The AUC-up group had a higher number of days to first AI and high glucose, total protein, globulin, γ-glutamyltransferase, triacylglycerol levels and a low albumin-globulin ratio at the 14th day postpartum. The present study infers that prepartum slow glucose recovery rather than insulin sensitivity might increase the potential for subclinical health problems postpartum and thus suppress reproductive performance. During the prepartum transition period, glucose dynamics in the ITT can be considered as a new indicator for the postpartum metabolic status and reproductive performance of dairy cows.  相似文献   

Safety of autologous bone marrow stromal cell transplantation in dogs with acute spinal cord injury     

Nishida H  Nakayama M  Tanaka H  Kitamura M  Hatoya S  Sugiura K  Harada Y  Suzuki Y  Ide C  Inaba T 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2012,41(4):437-442

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S-genotype identification based on allele-specific PCR in Japanese pear     

Kenji Nashima  Shingo Terakami  Sogo Nishio  Miyuki Kunihisa  Chikako Nishitani  Toshihiro Saito  Toshiya Yamamoto 《Breeding Science》2015,65(3):208-215

Gametophytic self-incompatibility in Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) is controlled by the single, multi-allelic S-locus. Information about the S-genotypes is important for breeding and the selection of pollen donors for fruit production. Rapid and reliable S-genotype identification system is necessary for efficient breeding of new cultivars in Japanese pear. We designed S allele-specific PCR primer pairs for ten previously reported S-RNase alleles (S¹–S⁹ and S^k) as simple and reliable method. Specific nucleotide sequences were chosen to design the primers to amplify fragments of only the corresponding S alleles. The developed primer pairs were evaluated by using homozygous S-genotypes (S¹/S¹–S⁹/S⁹ and S^4sm/S^4sm) and 14 major Japanese pear cultivars, and found that S allele-specific primer pairs can identify S-genotypes effectively. The S allele-specific primer pairs developed in this study will be useful for efficient S-genotyping and for marker-assisted selection in Japanese pear breeding programs.  相似文献   

Strain-softening behavior of wood under tension perpendicular to the grain     

Kazunari Miyauchi  Koji Murata 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(6):463-469

Three softwood samples and one hardwood sample were tested under a tension load applied along the radial direction using small clear specimens and the local tension strain was measured using the digital image correlation method. We successfully obtained a stress-strain curve with a strain-softening branch by calculating the stress using the strain distributions in the vicinity where the specimen ruptured. The continuous digital imaging of the specimen proved to be very effective for measuring the strain in quasi-brittle materials such as wood under tension. The nonlinearity of the stress-strain curve was quantified using two parameters representing the deviation from linear elasticity, and the formula of the stress-strain curve was deduced from the interrelation between these parameters. This formula is expressed quite simply by using the modulus of elasticity along the radial direction and another constant that is unique to the material. Part of this article was presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Akita, Japan, August 2006  相似文献   

Ovulation of the preovulatory follicle originating from the first-wave dominant follicle leads to formation of an active corpus luteum     

Ryotaro MIURA  Shingo HANEDA  Motozumi MATSUI 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2015,61(4):317-323

The objective of our study was to compare the characteristics of the corpus luteum (CL) formed after ovulation of the dominant follicle (DF) of the first follicular wave (W1) and those of the CL formed after ovulation of the DF of the second (induced) follicular wave (W2). Non-lactating Holstein cows were used for this study. In Experiment 1, cows were treated with PGF2α and GnRH on days 6 and 8 (day 0 = day of follicular wave emergence) for W1 (n = 6) and W2 (n = 6), respectively. Dominant follicles were aspirated on day 9 to quantify the amounts of mRNA (VEGF120, VEGF164, FGF-2, StAR, P450-scc and 3β-HSD) in granulosa cells (GC). In Experiment 2, the size and blood flow area of the CL formed after ovulation of the DF in W1 (W1CL; n = 6) and W2 (W2CL; n = 6) (the day of DF ovulation in W1 and W2 was day 10) were evaluated on days 12, 15, 18 and 21. The plasma P4 concentration was measured on days 10 to 21. The amounts of VEGF164, P450-scc and 3β-HSD mRNA were higher (P < 0.05) in the DF in W1, and those of VEGF120,FGF-2 and StAR mRNA tended to be higher (P < 0.1) in the DF in W1. The size of the CL was greater in the W1CL on days 15, 18 and 21. The blood flow area of the CL was greater in the W1CL on days 12 and 15. The plasma P4 concentrations were higher in the W1CL. These results indicate that the CL formed after ovulation of the DF in W1 was greater in terms of size, blood flow and plasma P4 concentration.  相似文献   

Sirtuin 1 suppresses nuclear factor κB induced transactivation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in cat fibroblast cells     

Shingo ISHIKAWA  Hiroshi TAKEMITSU  Makoto HABARA  Nobuko MORI  Ichiro YAMAMOTO  Toshiro ARAI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1681-1684

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Coincidental detection of genomes of porcine parvoviruses and porcine circovirus type 2 infecting pigs in Japan     

Prayuth SAEKHOW  Shingo KISHIZUKA  Natsuha SANO  Hiroko MITSUI  Hajime AKASAKI  Takahiro MAWATARI  Hidetoshi IKEDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(12):1581-1586

The infection status of 15 viruses in 120 pigs aged about 6 months was investigated based on tonsil specimens collected from a slaughterhouse. Only 5 species of porcine parvoviruses and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were detected at high frequencies; 67% for porcine parvovirus (PPV) (PPV-Kr or -NADL2 as the new abbreviation), 58% for PPV2 (CnP-PARV4), 39% for PPV3 (P-PARV4), 33% for PPV4 (PPV4), 55% for PBo-likeV (PBoV7) and 80% for PCV2. A phylogenetic analysis of PPV3 suggested that Japanese PPV3s showed a slight variation, and possibly, there were farms harboring homogeneous or heterogeneous PPV3s. Statistical analyses indicated that the detection of PCV2 was significantly coincidental with each detection of PPV, PPV2 and PPV3, and PPV and PPV4 were also coincidentally detected. The concurrent infection with PCV2 and porcine parvoviruses in the subclinically infected pigs may resemble the infection status of pigs with the clinical manifestations of porcine circovirus associated disease which occurs in 3–5 months old pigs and is thought to be primarily caused by the PCV2 infection.  相似文献   

Assessment of longitudinal tissue Doppler imaging of the left ventricular septum and free wall as an indicator of left ventricular systolic function in dogs     

Hori Y  Sato S  Hoshi F  Higuchi S 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(10):1051-1057

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of the left ventricular (LV) free wall (FW) and ventricular septum (VS) as an indicator of LV systolic function in dogs. ANIMALS: 7 healthy Beagles. PROCEDURES: Doses of dobutamine (5 and 10 microg/kg/min) and esmolol (50 and 100 microg/kg/min) were infused into the LV of each dog. With each dose, heart rate; myocardial performance index (MPI); transmitral inflow and ejection time (determined via pulsed-wave Doppler [PWD] echocardiography); and FW and VS velocities of the mitral valve annulus (determined via TDI during systole [S'], early diastole [E'], and late diastole [A']) were assessed. RESULTS: With each dose, dobutamine significantly increased heart rate and the first derivatives of LV pressure (+dP/dt and -dP/dt), whereas esmolol significantly decreased the +dP/dt and -dP/dt values, compared with baseline. Esmolol (100 microg/kg/min) significantly decreased the VS-TDI-derived S' velocity and FW-TDI-derived E' velocity; dobutamine significantly increased transmitral inflow and TDI velocities. Regression coefficient between VS-TDI-derived S' velocity and +dP/dt was higher than that between FW-TDI-derived S' velocity and +dP/dt. Compared with baseline, the PWD- and VS-TDI-derived MPI were significantly decreased by dobutamine and significantly increased by esmolol at each dose. Values of FW-TDI-derived MPI were higher than values derived via the other techniques. Correlation between +dP/dt and VS-TDI-derived MPI was greater than that between +dP/dt and FW-TDI- or PWD-derived MPI. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In healthy dogs, the VS-TDI-derived S' velocity and MPI appear to be reliable assessments for evaluating LV systolic function.  相似文献   

Stock structure and resource management of hairtail <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichiurus japonicus</Emphasis> based on seasonal broods around the Bungo Channel,Japan     

Shingo Watari  Syunji Tokumitsu  Taro Hirose  Michio Ogawa  Mitsutaku Makino 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(6):865-878

Declines in landings of the hairtail Trichiurus japonicas indicate the need for more effective management of this species. Hairtail spawning peaks occur twice yearly in the Bungo Channel, in spring and autumn. Relationships between hairtail stock and brood seasonality were examined to determine if an association between either and a decline in landings existed. Stock assessments show that the biomass of both spring and autumn hairtail broods from within and around the Bungo Channel are decreasing, with a rapid reduction in spring-brood stock abundance after 2007 largely responsible for decreased landings. Yield and spawning per recruitment analyses indicate current fishing pressure to be higher than several reference points. We suggest that fishing pressure needs to be reduced by at least 20% of the current level for this fishery to remain sustainable, as the projected stock abundance and catch demonstrate that the current fishing pressure is unsustainable. Analysis of time-series data of recruits per spawning revealed spring-brood recruitment to have been strong in year classes 2003 and 2005. Of various options available for improved management of this fishery, we propose that fishing pressure should be reduced in the years following the appearance of strong year classes to increase future biomasses and landings.  相似文献   

Effects of alkyl chain length and the mixing of homologues with different alkyl chains on the leaching characteristics of benzalkonium chloride     

Teruhisa Miyauchi  Mitsunori Mori 《Wood Science and Technology》2009,43(3-4):225

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is the active ingredient of ACQ-1, one of the most widely used wood preservatives in Japan. BAC in ACQ-1 comprises homologues with different alkyl chains: C12 comprises 74%; C14 26%; and C16 < 1%. To clarify the leaching characteristics and the factors affecting the leaching of BAC homologues, wood specimens treated individually with the C12, C14, and C16 homologues were used in a leaching experiment with distilled water (DW) and artificial sea water (SW). The leaching rates of the BAC homologues were accelerated by the SW, and the order of the leaching rate in both DW and SW was C12 > C14 > C16. When the specimens were treated with a mixture of two of the three homologues, the leaching rates of the C14 and C16 homologues from specimens treated with a solution containing C14 and C16 were lower than that from specimens treated with a solution containing the C14 or C16 homologue together with C12. From the adsorption isotherm of the homologues it is assumed that the formation of BAC aggregates on the treated wood is related to their leaching. BACs consisting of mainly C14 and C16 are thought to be suitable for reducing leaching, particularly in marine usage.  相似文献