Nutritional Study of Silicon in Graminaceous Crops (Part 1)     

Shingo Mitsui  Hiroshi Takatoh 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):7-11

Silicon in crop plants has been studied in various ways, for example, in elucidating its effects on phosphorus and nitrogen uptake by roots, or increase of resistance to diseases and insect pests, Graminaceous crops generally contain much more silicon in them than other families of plants, Remarkable effects of silicon application to plants On their growth appear especially in case they have contained about 5 to 10% of silicon before-hand. When silicon content in plants, on the other hand, is quite low, such as less than 0.5% for dry matter, plants show retardation of their grOwth at both vegetative and reproductive stages. It may be deduced that silicon applied to plants might play a role in different ways in cases where they have already had either considerable or quite small amounts of silicon. While the former case has been studied very much, extreme deficiency of silicon in plants has been investigated very little^1)-8). Experiments reported here were designed for elucidating roles of silicon in its defiCient plants and getting information about the essentiality of silicon for them.  相似文献   

Nutritional Study of Silicon in Graminaceous Crops (Part 2)     

Shingo Mitsui  Hiroshi Takatoh 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):12-16

It was reported in the previous paper₁₎ that rice plants showed retardation of their vegetative growth and decrease of degree of seed setting when their silicon content was extremely low. It was concluded from these facts that silicon might most probably be essential for rice. But physiological functions or behaviours of silicon in plants should be clarified in order to solve this problem completely. Uptake and disttibution of silicon in rice plants were first investigated here, especially compared with phosphorus. A possibility of using silicon radioactive isotope (₃₁Si) for this kind of experiment was also investigated. Although tracer techniques have been greatly developed in elucidating behaviours or physiological functions of various elements in plants, radioactive silicon isotopes have been used very little in this field of science because of this very short half lives. Recently Rothbuhr and Scott ²⁾ reported having used radioactive silicon isotope for uptake experiments by plants in Harwell, England. Since a nuclear reactor (JRR-I) in the Japanese Atomic Energy Research Institute started to work in 1959, radioactive isotopes which have rather short half lives have become available for plant experiments in Japan. Methods of preparation of ³¹Si for plant experiments were examined and by using ³¹Si it was studied how silicon was absorbed and translocated by rice and wheat under some particular environmental conditions, and also how the uptake and distribution of it in rice plants were affected by various kinds of metabolic inhibitors.  相似文献   

Fluctuation in the distribution of low-salinity water in the North Equatorial Current and its effect on the larval transport of the Japanese eel   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Shingo Kimura  Takashi Inoue  & Takashige Sugimoto 《Fisheries Oceanography》2001,10(1):51-60

Surface water in the North Equatorial Current (NEC) is composed of southern low‐salinity water diluted by precipitation to less than 34.2 psu and northern, high‐salinity tropical water greater than 34.8 psu. Analyses of 27‐year historical data, observed in winter and summer along the longitude 137°E by the Japan Meteorological Agency, shows that an obvious salinity front (34.5 psu) generated by the two water masses was usually located around 15°N. However, the salinity front has been moving northward during the past three decades. El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affected salinity in the surface layer, while temperature changed in the middle layer. The salinity front sometimes moved southward, mainly south of 5°N, and the movement was well correlated with the southern oscillation index (SOI). Because precipitation at Yap (9.5°N, 138.1°E) fluctuated with SOI, this spike‐like southward movement of the salinity front was probably affected by reduction of low‐salinity water during El Niño in the north‐western Pacific Ocean. However, ENSO only induced such large southward movements of the salinity front when the time lag between the low precipitation and low SOI was short (within four months). This salinity front is quite important for long‐distance migrating fish such as the Japanese eel because the eels spawn just south of the salinity front in the NEC. This behaviour suggests that the movement of the salinity front associated with ENSO may control the success of larval transport from the spawning ground in the NEC to the nursery ground in East Asia. In fact, catch of the Japanese eel larvae in Japan was well correlated with fluctuation of SOI and the location of the salinity front, and lower catch occurred during El Niño. The salinity front has moved from 13°N to 17°N during the past three decades. Considering that conditions of larval transport are worse north of 15°N, we suggest that decadal‐scale linear decrease of glass eel catch during the past three decades also can be explained by the displacement of the salinity front.  相似文献   

Thermal adaptation of pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis to temperate waters   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Takashi Kitagawa  Shingo Kimura  Hideaki Nakata  Harumi Yamada 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(1):149-156

ABSTRACT:   Immature Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis , tagged with archival tags, were released near Tsushima Island in the East China Sea during the winters of 1995 through 1998. Time-series data for ambient and peritoneal cavity temperatures, recorded every 128 or 256 s for 23 fish recovered, were analyzed. The objective of this study was to clarify the process of development of thermoconservation ability with growth in relation to adaptive mechanisms to cooler temperate waters. According to the results, mean ambient temperatures ranged from 14.9 to 20.7°C, which is almost within the optimum temperature range according to previous reports. Mean peritoneal temperatures were higher than ambient temperatures (19.7–27.3°C), but never reached 35°C, which would induce overheating. Although the mean thermal differences between peritoneal and ambient temperatures increased with body size, the rate of increase decreased with body size. A heat budget model suggests that as the insulation of the body develops, the estimated mean values of internal heat production decrease with body size. This is probably due to the allometric scale effect and explains why the thermal difference does not increase quickly with body size. It is likely that Pacific bluefin tuna inhabit cooler temperate waters in mid-latitude regions to avoid overheating.  相似文献   

Prognostic significance of the expression levels of the p16, p15, and p14 genes in dogs with high-grade lymphoma     

Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi  Yuko Goto-Koshino  Masahiko Sato  Shingo Maeda  Hirotaka Igarashi  Masashi Takahashi  Yasuhito Fujino  Koichi Ohno  Hajime Tsujimoto 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2014,199(2):236-244

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Pregnancy-stimulated neurogenesis in the adult female forebrain mediated by prolactin     

Shingo T  Gregg C  Enwere E  Fujikawa H  Hassam R  Geary C  Cross JC  Weiss S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5603):117-120

Neurogenesis occurs in the olfactory system of the adult brain throughout life, in both invertebrates and vertebrates, but its physiological regulation is not understood. We show that the production of neuronal progenitors is stimulated in the forebrain subventricular zone of female mice during pregnancy and that this effect is mediated by the hormone prolactin. The progenitors then migrate to produce new olfactory interneurons, a process likely to be important for maternal behavior, because olfactory discrimination is critical for recognition and rearing of offspring. Neurogenesis occurs even in females that mate with sterile males. These findings imply that forebrain olfactory neurogenesis may contribute to adaptive behaviors in mating and pregnancy.  相似文献   

The effect of a gelatin β-tricalcium phosphate sponge loaded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), bone morphogenic protein-2, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on equine articular cartilage defect     

Nao Tsuzuki  Jong-pil Seo  Kazutaka Yamada  Shingo Haneda  Hidefumi Furuoka  Yasuhiko Tabata  Naoki Sasaki 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2013,54(6):573-580

We evaluated the curative efficacy of a gelatin β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) sponge loaded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) by insertion into an experimentally induced osteochondral defect. A hole of 10 mm diameter and depth was drilled in the bilateral medial femoral condyles of 7 thoroughbred horses, and into each either a loaded sponge (treatment) or a saline-infused β-TCP sponge (control) was inserted. After 16 weeks, defects were examined by computed tomography, macroscopic analyses, and histological analyses. The median subchondral bone density and macroscopic subscores for joint healing were significantly higher in the treatment legs (P < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in total histological scores between groups, hyaline cartilaginous tissue was observed across a wider area in the treatment group. Equine joint healing can be enhanced by inserting a BMP-2-, MSC-, and PRP-impregnated β-TCP sponge at the lesion site.  相似文献   

Structural basis of biological N2O generation by bacterial nitric oxide reductase     

Hino T  Matsumoto Y  Nagano S  Sugimoto H  Fukumori Y  Murata T  Iwata S  Shiro Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6011):1666-1670

Nitric oxide reductase (NOR) is an iron-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) to generate a major greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N(2)O). Here, we report the crystal structure of NOR from Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 2.7 angstrom resolution. The structure reveals details of the catalytic binuclear center. The non-heme iron (Fe(B)) is coordinated by three His and one Glu ligands, but a His-Tyr covalent linkage common in cytochrome oxidases (COX) is absent. This structural characteristic is crucial for NOR reaction. Although the overall structure of NOR is closely related to COX, neither the D- nor K-proton pathway, which connect the COX active center to the intracellular space, was observed. Protons required for the NOR reaction are probably provided from the extracellular side.  相似文献   

3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid is involved in the biosynthesis of myricanol in Myrica rubra     

Shingo Kawai  Kyousuke Nakata  Hiroo Ichizawa  Tomoaki Nishida 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(2):148-153

There is little evidence concerning the biosynthetic pathways for cyclic diarylheptanoids. We previously demonstrated that the cyclic diarylheptanoids myricanol and myricanone were biologically synthesized from two molecules of 4-coumaric acid by the feeding of 4-[8,9-¹³C₂]coumaric acid to young shoots of Myrica rubra. In the present study, using a ¹³C-labeled compound, we revealed that two molecules of 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid could also be a biosynthetic precursor of myricanol in M. rubra. These results indicated that both 4-coumaric acid and its dihydro-derivative were incorporated into myricanol. Competitive feeding experiments with 4-[8,9-¹³C₂]coumaric acid and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-[1-¹³C]propionic acid were performed in M. rubra to determine the preferential incorporation of these two precursors. ¹³C-NMR studies indicated that 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-[1-¹³C]propionic acid was preferentially incorporated into myricanol. The data provided evidence for a biosynthetic sequence originating from 4-coumaric acid and leading to myricanol, through 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, in M. rubra.  相似文献   

Simulation of the impact of climate change on the egg and larval transport of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) off Kyushu Island,the western coast of Japan          下载免费PDF全文

Aigo Takeshige  Yoichi Miyake  Hideaki Nakata  Takashi Kitagawa  Shingo Kimura 《Fisheries Oceanography》2015,24(5):445-462

In order to investigate the impact of climate change on egg and larval transport of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) off Kyushu Island western Japan, we conducted particle‐tracking simulations on transport success/failure to fishing grounds from 1960 to 2007. The modeled transport success since the mid‐1990s increased and decreased in the offshore and coastal zones, respectively, compared with the 1960s and 1970s. The estimated northward shift of the spawning ground and weakened Tsushima Warm Current contributed to increase in modeled transport success to the offshore zone. Conversely, the weakening trend of the modeled onshore current in the Goto‐Nada Sea combined with the northward shift of the spawning ground resulted in unsuccessful larval transport. These results suggest that fluctuations in juvenile and subadult anchovy catches in this area may be attributable to changes in the physical environment. The present study showed that changes in transport success induced by oceanographic fluctuations related to climate change, have the potential to affect anchovy recruitment off the western coast of Japan.  相似文献