Response of enzyme activities and metabolic intermediate concentrations to epinephrine administration in hepatopancreas and muscle of carp   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tsuyoshi Sugita  Sadao Shimeno  Yasunori Ohkubo  Hidetsuyo Hosokawa  Toshiro Masumoto 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(2):281-286

SUMMARY: Common carp Cyprinus carpio were administered intraperitoneally with 10 μmol epinephrine per 100 g bodyweight, and enzyme activities and metabolic intermediate concentrations were determined in the hepatopancreas and muscle. Glycogen phosphorylase a (GPase a) activity together with cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentration was increased, and glycogen content was decreased in the hepatopancreas and muscle at 2 h after the administration. The epinephrine administration also increased hepatopancreatic glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-biphosphatase activities as well as serum glucose, lactate, and free amino acid concentrations. Furthermore, its administration increased phosphofructokinase activity together with lactate, fructose-6-phosphate, adenosine-5'-monophosphate, and adenosine-5'-diphosphate concentrations and decreased citrate concentration in the muscle. Thereafter, almost all parameter concentrations in the hepatopancreas and muscle recovered to the pre-administered levels during 24 h after the administration. These results suggest that epinephrine administration enhanced glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the hepatopancreas, and released glucose into the bloodstream to supply it to the muscle. The blood glucose together with muscle glycogen seems to be metabolized through enhanced glycolysis in the muscle.  相似文献   

Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antibody in pigs from conventional farms   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yahara Y  Ohkubo Y  Kariwa H  Takashima I 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(7):583-588

To evaluate the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antibody, conventional pigs in PRRSV-positive and -negative commercial farms were examined. Antibody development patterns in ELISA and IFA tests were compared in 3 week old piglets experimentally infected with the PRRSV. The virus was detected from 2 days post infection (PI) and then the antibody titers and S/P ratios rose by both methods. A total of 208 serum samples were collected from 4 PRRSV-negative farms and 210 samples from PRRSV-positive farms, and were tested for the PRRSV antibody by IFA and ELISA. The titer of 64 should be set as the cut-off point in IFA for field sera. Similarly, the cut-off S/P ratio should be set at 0.4 in ELISA. A high degree of correlation was observed between antibody titers by the two methods in these 418 samples, with a correlation coefficient of 0.84. The coincidence rate between the two tests was 84.7% (354/418). In non-coincident cases, ELISA was able to detect the antibody with a low titer in the serum samples which were negative in IFA but from PRRSV positive farms. ELISA was more sensitive than IFA to detect PRRSV infected animals or farms.  相似文献   

Efficacy of intravaginal progesterone administration as an additional treatment on two types of timed AI protocols in a commercial herd of Holstein heifers     

Iwakuma A  Narahashi T  Kitahara G  Ohkubo M  Kamimura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(3):243-249

Reproductive performance of two types of timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols with or without intravaginal progesterone insert (CIDR) was investigated in a commercial herd of Holstein heifers. A total of seventy-four heifers with 14.4 months of age were allocated to two groups; Ovsynch (n=44) and estradiol benzoate (EB) used Heatsynch (EB-Heatsynch, n=30), and each group was additionally divided into two subgroups with CIDR insertion from day 0 to 7 (n=36) and without CIDR group (n=38). Blood was collected for progesterone (P4) analysis and ovarian finding was monitored with ultrasonography. Heifers in CIDR-treated group resulted in higher pregnancy rate as compared to No-CIDR-treated group (63.9% vs 21.1%, P<0.01). Heifers with functional corpus luteum (CL) on day 0 resulted in significantly higher pregnancy rate in CIDR-treated group than No-CIDR-treated group (day 0: 67.9% vs 13.0%, P<0.01). CIDR insertion suppressed the intermediate ovulation during the first 7 days and the period from the second GnRH or EB administration to TAI as compared to No-CIDR-treated group (first 7 days: 33.3% vs. 52.6%; P<0.05, before TAI: 11.1% vs. 37.0%; P<0.05). In conclusion, the selected TAI protocols with CIDR provided acceptable pregnancy rate and contributed to the economical improvement by shortening the average age of first calving approximately for 2.5 months as compared to the previous management without TAI protocols.  相似文献   

Bos indicus type of growth hormone receptor gene is retained in Japanese Black cattle     

T. Ohkubo  H. Yano  S. Takahashi  K. Takahashi  N. Kimura  & M. Tanaka 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2006,123(6):410-413

The growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene is responsible for growth and carcass traits, and polymorphisms associated with the variation of meat production are thought to occur in the liver‐specific promoter of the GHR gene in cattle. The aim of this study was to analyse the structure of the liver‐specific promoter of GHR in Japanese Black cattle, as the relationship between GHR polymorphism and meat production is poorly understood in this breed. Typically in European cattle, the LINE‐1 element, a family of retrotransposons, is inserted in the liver‐specific promoter. However, a short GHR promoter without the LINE‐1 sequence was found in the Japanese Black breed as in Bos indicus cattle. The frequency of the short allele was approximately 60%. In addition, 24 of 29 Holstein/Japanese Black crosses carried the short allele from their sire. The present result suggests that the short allele for GHR may be a candidate marker for improving meat production of Japanese Black cattle.  相似文献   

Application of ELISA to sero-epidemiological survey of Japanese encephalitis in swine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Y Ohkubo  I Takashima  N Hashimoto 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》1984,32(4):191-197

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Expression of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase is regulated by estradiol-17β in testis and brain of the Japanese common goby     

K. Mochida  K. Fujii  A. Kakuno  T. Matsubara  N. Ohkubo  S. Adachi  K. Yamauchi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2003,28(1-4):435-436

The effect of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on the expression of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) mRNA in the Japanese common goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, was investigated by competitive PCR assay. Exposure of fish to estradiol-17β (E₂) induced significant increase in the UCH mRNA in testis and brain, but exposure to bisphenol A and nonylphenol did not. This result suggests that expression of the UCH gene is E₂-inducible.  相似文献   

Characterization of effects of a long-term wastewater irrigation on soil quality by microbiological and biochemical parameters     

Zdenek Filip  Shinjiro Kanazawa  Jacques Berthelin 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(4):409-413

Investigations were conducted to evaluate the effects of long-term (up to 100 years) wastewater irrigation on the selected microbiological and biochemical characteristics of a Cambisol and a Haplic Luvisol. The developments of soil oligotrophic and copiotrophic bacteria (including actinomycetes), the total microbial biomass (ATP content), and acitivity of enzymes catalyzing major substrate transformations in soil (β-glucosidase, β-acetyl-glucosaminidase, proteinase, phosphatase) indicated significantly differences between wastewater treated and non-irrigated soil sites. The increases of the individual indices under the effect of wastewater irrigation show that remarkable differences in the microbiological and biochemical parameters of soil quality remained detectable also 20 years after the soil treatment was terminated.  相似文献   

Effect of taurine supplementation on hepatic metabolism and alleviation of cadmium toxicity and bioaccumulation in a marine teleost,red sea bream, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pagrus major</Emphasis>     

Takeshi Hano  Katsutoshi Ito  Kumiko Kono  Mana Ito  Nobuyuki Ohkubo  Kazuhiko Mochida 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2017,43(1):137-152

This study was performed to unravel the mechanism of the beneficial action of taurine on marine teleost fish, red sea bream (Pagrus major), by analyzing the hepatic metabolism. Moreover, the ameliorative effects of the nutrient against cadmium toxicity and bioaccumulation were further evaluated. The fish were fed a diet containing 0 % (TAU0 %), 0.5 % (TAU0.5 %), or 5.0 % (TAU5.0 %) taurine for 40–55 days (d) and subjected to cadmium acute toxicity and bioaccumulation tests. Taurine deficiency in feed severely affected growth and the hepatic metabolic profiles of the fish, including a remarkable increase in myo-inositol, aspartate, and ß-alanine in the TAU0 % group, which indicates a complementary physiological response to taurine deficiency. For the acute toxicity test, fish were fed the test diets for 55 d and were then exposed to different dose of cadmium ranging from 0 to 5.6 mg/L for 96 h. Fish fed taurine had a higher tolerance to cadmium than those not fed taurine. For the bioaccumulation test, fish were fed the test diets for 40 d and then were chronically exposed to 0.2 mg/L of cadmium for 28 d followed by depuration for 21 d. Cadmium concentrations in the liver and muscle of fish fed TAU5.0 % were significantly lower than those of fish fed TAU0 % for the first 7 d of exposure and the first 7 d of elimination. Our findings suggest a possible mechanism for the beneficial role played by taurine and that the inclusion of taurine in fish aquaculture feed may reduce cadmium contamination of fish intended for human consumption.  相似文献   

Comparison of statistical tests for habitat associations in tropical forests: A case study of sympatric dipterocarp trees in a Bornean forest     

Akira Itoh  Tatsuhiro Ohkubo  Satoshi Nanami  Sylvester Tan  Takuo Yamakura 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010

Habitat difference is an important mechanism for maintenance of tree diversity in tropical forests. The first step in studies of habitat difference is to statistically analyze whether the spatial distributions of tree populations are skewed to species-specific habitats; this is called a habitat association test. We propose a novel habitat association test on the basis of the probability of tree occurrence along a continuous habitat variable. The test uses torus shift simulations to obtain a statistical significance level. We applied this test to 55 common dipterocarp species in a 52-ha plot of a Bornean forest to assess habitat associations along an elevation gradient. The results were compared to those of three existing habitat association tests using the same torus shift simulations. The results were considerably different from one another. In particular, the results of two existing tests using discrete habitat variables varied with differences in habitat definitions, specifically, differences in elevation break points, and the number of habitat classes. Thus, definitions of habitats must be taken into account when habitat association tests with discrete habitat variables are used. Analyses of artificial populations independent of habitat showed that all of the tests used were robust with respect to spatial autocorrelation in tree distributions, although one existing test had a higher risk of Type I errors, probably due to the use of multiple tests of significance. Power analysis of artificial populations in which distributions were skewed to certain elevations showed that the novel test had comparable statistical power to the most powerful existing test. Statistical power was affected not by the total number of a given tree but by the number of clumps in a plot, suggesting that >5 clumps were required for a reliable result.  相似文献   

Multiple spawning of amphidromous type ayu <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plecoglossus altivelis</Emphasis> in a large river,Mogami River System     

Akio Shimizu  Kazuo Uchida  Miho Udagawa  Makoto Ohkubo  Haruka Ito  Shoichiro Yamamoto  Toshihide Takasawa 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(6):1283-1289

Female ayu Plecoglossus altivelis were sampled from the Mogami River System, Yamagata Prefecture to investigate the occurrence of multiple spawning that has previously been reported in small rivers. Spawning frequencies of the females were estimated by histological observations of the ovary mainly from the degree of degeneration of postovulatory follicles. In the middle and late part of the spawning period, most females showed characteristics of having spawned two or three times, indicating that multiple spawning is a common phenomenon also in a large river. Mean relative batch fecundity (RBF) and condition factor (without gonads) decreased with the number of spawning batches. Size dependency in the occurrence of the multiple spawning and the RBF values was not observed. These results are similar to those reported in previous studies of ayu from a small river near the Mogami River System, and indicate that the occurrence and properties of multiple spawning are almost the same regardless of the river scale. However, it is possible that the ratios of multiply spawned females may differ due to variations in survival rates during the spawning season.  相似文献