RFLP analysis of a PCR amplified region of chloroplast DNA in eggplant and related Solanum species   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shiro Isshiki  Tomoyuki Uchiyama  Yosuke Tashiro  Sadami Miyazaki 《Euphytica》1998,102(3):295-299

RFLP analysis of a PCR amplified 3.2-kbp region of cpDNA bounded by the conserved sequences in rbc L and ORF 106 was performed in eggplant (Solanum melongena), its related Solanum species, S. incanum, S. virginianum (= S. surattense), S. torvum, S. aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum), S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei) and S. mammosum and the reciprocal hybrids between S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium) and S. melongena 'Uttara'. The target region of cpDNA was amplified correctly by PCR. The amplified products were digested with each of 10 restriction enzymes (Alu I, Ase I, BamH I, Hinf I, Msp I, Rsa I, ScrF I, Sty I, Taq I and Xba I). Variations of restriction patterns among the species were recognized after digesting the amplified products with each of the seven restriction enzymes, Taq I, Alu I, Rsa I, Sty I, Ase I, Hinf I and Xba I. The restriction patterns divided the examined nine species into the following five clusters, 1) S. melongena and S. incanum, 2) S. virginianum (= S. surattense), 3) S. torvum, 4) S. aethiopicum (= S. gilo), S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium), S. violaceum (= S. indicum) and S. violaceum (= S. sanitwongsei) and 5) S. mammosum. The restriction pattern with Alu I in each of the reciprocal hybrids between S. melongena 'Uttara' and S. aethiopicum (= S. integrifolium) was identical with that of seed parent. The present study demonstrated the availability of the PCR-RFLP analysis of cpDNA for assessing taxonomic relationships and identifying cytoplasmic parentage of interspecific hybrids in eggplant and related Solanum species. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

海岸湿地针叶林-阔叶林突变临界维持机制研究     

Shiro Tsuyuzaki Akira Haraguchi 《林业研究》2009,20(2)

日本北海道东部有两块发展成熟的湿地森林,分别是具有氮固定作用的日本桤木（Alnusjaponica Steud）组成的阔叶林和库页云杉（Piceaglehnii Masters）构成的针叶林,而且两块林地间具有突变的边界。为了阐明突变边界的维持机制,本文研究了森林剖面、水位、地下水、降雨化学、与微环境有关的幼苗建成格局及种子迁移。研究表明,地下水位剖面并不能充分地解释突转临界的形成,但是,两种林地的地下水化学成分存在显著差异,具体表现为库页云杉林地下水中EC,Na^＋,心,Mg^2＋,Ca^2＋和Cl^-含量明显要高于日本桤木林的,而地下水pH值又较低。库页云杉林降雨中富含Na^＋,Ca^2＋和Cl^-,表明降雨是导致两种林分土壤表层水化学成分差异的主要原因。六月末,库页云杉林的太阳辐射少于2．2MJ·m^-2．d^-1;而日本桤木林太阳辐射强度为1．0—3．7MJ·m^-2.d^-1。土壤表层苔藓主要是泥炭藓,在库页云杉林内覆盖率为60％,而日本桤木林的仅为10％：这一差异与土壤表层水pH值有关。有70％株高在1．3米以下的库页云杉苗木建立在苔藓层上。播种造林实验表明,在库页云杉林2个树种的种子萌发率和幼苗存活率都较高。因此,库页云杉在日本桤木林内繁殖能力较弱,主要是缺少适宜的微环境和较低的苗木建成能力。日本桤木仅靠再萌发繁殖,在两种林分内幼苗较少;此外,日本桤木种子向库页云杉林内的迁移也受到较大的限制,加之库页云杉林内太阳辐射强度较低,导致日本桤木幼苗存活率较低。基于以上结果,我们认为日本桤木与库页云杉形成了各自特有的生长环境,而对彼此的生长环境不适应,抑制了自身种苗向对方林分的扩张和自然再造过程。图9表1参32。  相似文献   

Process integration of ethanol production from Japanese beech as treated with hot-compressed water followed by enzymatic treatment     

Toshiki Nakata  Hisashi Miyafuji  Shiro Saka 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(4):295-301

Ethanol was produced from the hydrolysate collected as a water-soluble (WS) portion and a residue after hot-compressed water (HCW) treatment of Japanese beech with and without fractionation. Simultaneous saccharification with β-xylosidase and isomerization with xylose isomerase followed by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae were applied to the WS portion; simultaneous saccharification with cellulase and fermentation with S. cerevisiae was applied to the residue. Integration of the processes for the WS portion and the residue was investigated to improve the conversion efficiency throughout the whole process. The ethanol yield in the integrated process without fractionation was comparable with that for the process with fractionation. Ethanol yields were improved for both of the processes by modifying the operation pattern in which cellulase was added prior to fermentation of the residue.  相似文献   

Investigation of lactic acid bacterial strains for meat fermentation and the product's antioxidant and angiotensin‐I‐converting‐enzyme inhibitory activities          下载免费PDF全文

Shiro Takeda  Hisashi Matsufuji  Koji Nakade  Shin‐ichi Takenoyama  Abdulatef Ahhmed  Ryoichi Sakata  Satoshi Kawahara  Michio Muguruma 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(3):507-516

In the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains screened from our LAB collection, Lactobacillus (L.) sakei strain no. 23 and L. curvatus strain no. 28 degraded meat protein and tolerated salt and nitrite in vitro. Fermented sausages inoculated strains no. 23 and no. 28 showed not only favorable increases in viable LAB counts and reduced pH, but also the degradation of meat protein. The sausages fermented with these strains showed significantly higher antioxidant activity than those without LAB or fermented by each LAB type strain. Angiotensin‐I‐converting‐enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was also significantly higher in the sausages fermented with strain no. 23 than in those fermented with the type strain. Higher ACE inhibitory activity was also observed in the sausages fermented with strain no. 28, but did not differ significantly from those with the type strain. An analysis of the proteolysis and degradation products formed by each LAB in sausages suggested that those bioactivities yielded fermentation products such as peptides. Therefore, LAB starters that can adequately ferment meat, such as strains no. 23 and no. 28, should contribute to the production of bioactive compounds in meat products.  相似文献   

Gas-phase pyrolysis of methyl glucosides and levoglucosan     

Asuka Fukutome  Haruo Kawamoto  Shiro Saka 《Journal of Wood Science》2017,63(3):295-306

Levoglucosan, the major intermediate in cellulose pyrolysis, is stable up to around 500?°C in the gas phase. To study whether this stability is a characteristic property of levoglucosan, the gas-phase reactivity was compared with those of methyl α- and β-glucosides at 200–500?°C (residence time 1.2–2.0 s). The methyl glucosides decomposed even at 200 and 300?°C to form levoglucosan exclusively. This selective transglycosylation was explained with a concerted mechanism. Fragmentation of the glucosides forming C1–C3 carbonyl compounds started at 400?°C, a temperature lower than that of levoglucosan (500?°C). Thus, levoglucosan is a special carbohydrate that is stable in the gas phase, and the stability is explained by the steric hindrance of the bicyclic ring. Formation of the anhydrofuranose isomer and furans was negligible from the gas-phase pyrolysis of these compounds, suggesting that these are produced mainly from the molten-phase pyrolysis. These results show the roles of gas- and molten-phase reactions during carbohydrate pyrolysis, providing insights for upgrading biomass pyrolysis/gasification processes.  相似文献   

The first report of tomato foot rot caused by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhizoctonia solani</Emphasis> AG-3 PT and AG-2-Nt and its host range and molecular characterization     

Tomoo Misawa  Shiro Kuninaga 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2010,76(5):310-319

Foot rot of mature tomato plants was found in four cities of Hokkaido, Japan, from 2004 to 2007. Six of eight isolates obtained from damaged tissues were identified as Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-3, and the remaining two isolates belonged to AG-2-1. We compared these isolates with nine reference isolates including the different subgroups in AG-3 (PT, TB and TM) and AG-2-Nt (pathogen of tobacco leaf spot) within AG-2-1 in terms of pathogenicity to tomato, tobacco and potato. All eight isolates caused foot rot on tomato. The six AG-3 isolates caused stem rot on young potato plants. While, all reference isolates of AG-3 PT causing stem rot of young potato plants incited foot rot on tomato. The two AG-2-1 isolates and an AG-2-Nt reference isolate caused severe leaf spot on tobacco leaves. The sequences of rDNA- ITS region and rDNA-IGS1 region of the AG-3 isolates showed high similarity to that of AG-3 PT isolates. Phylogenetic tree based on ITS and IGS1 regions of rDNA indicated that the AG-2-1 isolates from tomato formed a single clade with AG-2-Nt isolates and that they were separate from Japanese AG-2-1 isolates (culture type II). Pathogenicity tests and DNA sequence evaluation of the causal fungi revealed that the present isolates of AG-3 and AG-2-1 belonged to AG-3 PT and AG-2-Nt, respectively. This is the first report of tomato foot rot caused by R. solani in Japan.  相似文献   

Profiling of phenylpropanoid monomers in developing xylem tissue of transgenic aspen (Populus tremuloides)     

Shiro Suzuki  Norikazu Sakakibara  Laigeng Li  Toshiaki Umezawa  Vincent L. Chiang 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(1):71-76

Here we describe alterations in the cinnamate/monolignol pathway in three transgenic aspen lines: one with downregulated expression of 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), one with upregulated expression of coniferaldehyde 5-hydroxylase (CAld5H), and a 4CL downregulated/CAld5H upregulated line. Compared with the wild type, the 4CL downregulated line showed significantly increased levels of p-hydroxycinnamic acids such as p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids. In contrast, the CAld5H upregulated line had increased content of p-coumaryl and 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohols. In the 4CL downregulated line, it was likely that most hydroxycinnamic acids were glycosylated. These results strongly suggest that the downregulation of 4CL and upregulation of CAld5H disrupt the metabolic flow through the cinnamate/monolignol pathway and thus alter the amount and structure of its final product, lignin.  相似文献   

Goblet cell hyperplasia and muscular layer thickening in the small intestine of a cynomolgus monkey     

Murakami Y  Okazaki Y  Okayama S  Fujihira S  Noto T  Nakatsuji S  Oishi Y 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2010,23(2):85-89

We report here the interesting case of a 5-year-old male cynomolgus monkey with goblet cell hyperplasia and thickening of the muscular layer throughout the small intestine without exhibiting any clinical symptoms. Necropsy examination showed diffuse thickening of the intestinal wall from the jejunum to the ileum, with an appearance likened to a rubber tube. Histopathologically, marked thickening was observed in both the mucosal and muscular layers in the jejunum and ileum, and slight thickening was observed in the duodenum. Goblet cell hyperplasia with extension of the circular folds and villi was prominently observed. The mucosal surface was covered with a thick mucus layer containing desquamated mucosal epithelial cells, and both the inner and outer muscular layers were markedly thickened due to smooth muscle hypertrophy. Neither macroscopic nor histopathological examination identified any causative factors, such as infection, enteritis and intestinal stenosis, or obstruction that may have caused development of this lesion. Given these observations, this case may simply be considered of spontaneous goblet cell hyperplasia and muscular layer thickening in the small intestine of a cynomolgus monkey.  相似文献   

Detection of Pythium aphanidermatum in tomato using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with species-specific primers     

Shiro Fukuta  Reiko Takahashi  Satoru Kuroyanagi  Noriyuki Miyake  Hirofumi Nagai  Hirofumi Suzuki  Fujio Hashizume  Tomoko Tsuji  Hiromi Taguchi  Hideki Watanabe  Koji Kageyama 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,136(4):689-701

A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) reaction with a primer set designed from the rDNA ITS sequence of P. aphanidermatum was developed. Results of a specificity test using 57 strains of Pythium spp. indicated that the LAMP assay gave no cross reactions in other 39 Pythium species, 11 strains of Phytophthora spp. and eight other soil borne pathogens. The detection limit was 10 fg of genomic DNA, which was ten times the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction. The LAMP assay was applied to hydroponic solution samples from tomato fields, and the results were compared to those of the conventional plating method. LAMP was observed to be effective for the specific detection of P. aphanidermatum. Furthermore, P. aphanidermatum was detected directly in tomato roots infected with P. aphanidermatum without DNA extraction. The LAMP method established in this study is a simple, sensitive and rapid tool for the detection of P. aphanidermatum.  相似文献   

First report of white leaf rot on Chinese chives caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-2-1     

Tomoo Misawa  Shiro Kuninaga 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2013,79(4):280-283

Delayed sprouting and white rot of leaf tips were found on Chinese chives in a greenhouse in Hokkaido, Japan, in the spring of 2006 and 2007. The causal fungus was identified as Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG)-2-1 and discriminated from the leaf rot pathogen R. solani AG-4 HG-I in terms of pathogenicity. Symptoms and the time of year that the disease occurs also apparently differ for the two pathogens. This is the first report of white leaf rot on Chinese chive caused by R. solani AG-2-1.  相似文献