Identification of genic SSRs in jute (Corchorus capsularis,Malvaceae) and development of markers for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes and regulatory genes          下载免费PDF全文

Pratik Satya  Avrajit Chakraborty  Sourav Jana  Snehalata Majumdar  Maya Karan  Debabrata Sarkar  Subhojit Datta  Jiban Mitra  Chandan S. Kar  Pran Gobinda Karmakar  Nagendra K. Singh 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(5):784-797

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Colonization by Rhizobia of the seed and roots of legumes in relation to exudation of phenolics     

D. Kandasamy  N.N. Prasad 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1979,11(1):73-75

A study of the colonization pattern of Rhizobium inoculated either in the soil or on to the seeds of green gram (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.), black gram (P. mungo L.) and sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) revealed a significant reduction of Rhizobium in the spermosphere of sun hemp which was attributed to excretion of phenolic compounds by the seed. As the plants aged, the quantity of phenolics exuded by the roots was reduced and there was a parallel increase in the Rhizobium population in the rhizospheres of the three plant species.  相似文献   

Growth and Biochmical Studies of Mrigal Fish (Cirrhinus mrigala) Fed Graded Levels of Oil     

Aderolu Ademola Zaid  Sahu Narrotam Prasad  Fawole Femi John  Nwachi Oster Francis 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2017,24(3)

A 45-day experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth performance,digestive enzymes activity and biochemical response of Cirrhinus mrigala fed graded levels of oil.Three isonitrogenous purified diets(6%,8%and 10%of oil)were formulated.A total of 108 juveniles of Cirrhinus mrigala(5.95±0.25)g were equally distributed in triplicate groups in nine plastic tanks of 100 L capacity and fed under natural light cycle.Growth performance of the fish significantly reflected the effect of inclusion levels of oil tested but the diet with 8%lipid had the best significant growth performance[%weight gain,Feed Conversion Ratio(FCR)and Specific Growth Rate(SGR)],across different experimental groups.Levels of secretion of digestive enzymes in the fish fed different experimental diets resulted in significant values of(p0.05)amylase and lipase,while Aspartate transaminase(AST),Alanine transaminase(ALT),Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and Malate dehydrogenase(MDH)values in the muscle and liver decreased significantly(p0.05)as the levels of oil in the diet increased.However,serum biochemical parameters did not record any significant difference(p0.05)with the exception of the total lipid across diets.The study confirmed the inclusion effect of graded levels of oil in juvenile Mrigal diet,but the inclusion should not be more than 8%to avert growth depression.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of capsiate analogues in polar, nonpolar, and micellar media     

Reddy KK  Ravinder T  Prasad RB  Kanjilal S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(2):564-569

Synthesis of 10 capsiate analogues was conducted by lipase-mediated (Novozyme 435) esterification of vanillyl alcohol with different fatty acids. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized capsiates was evaluated using three in vitro assays: DPPH radical scavenging assay (polar medium), Rancimat assay (nonpolar medium), and autoxidation of linoleic acid (micellar medium). The objective of this study is to find the influence of structural characteristics of the alkyl chain of capsiate analogues on their antioxidant activity. In these assays, BHT and α-tocopherol were used as reference compounds. Both DPPH and Rancimat assays did not show any specific trend of antioxidant activity with the increase in lipophilicity and also with the type of fatty acids grafted to the phenolic moiety. In the Tween 20 micellar system for the inhibition of autoxidation of linoleic acid, vanillyl ester attached to a C18 alkyl chain (vanillyl stearate, oleate, and ricinoleate) exhibited maximum inhibition of autoxidation of linoleic acid.  相似文献   

IMPACT OF SULFUR FERTILIZATION ON DIFFERENT FORMS AND BALANCE OF SOIL SULFUR AND THE NUTRITION OF WHEAT IN WHEAT-SOYBEAN CROPPING SEQUENCE IN TARAI SOIL     

Shiveshwar Pratap Singh  Room Singh  Mukesh Prasad Singh  Vijay Prasad Singh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2014,37(4):618-632

A field experiment was conducted at farmer's field in Mollisols of Tarai soils in Uttarakhand (India), to assess the direct and residual effect of sulfur fertilization in wheat-soybean cropping sequence. Four levels of sulfur (S; 0, 15, 30, and 45 kg ha^?1) were applied to main crop (wheat) along with recommended dose of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K). The direct and residual effect of sulfur at highest level showed 27 and 6 percent increase in grain yield of wheat and soybean over control, respectively. The increase in grain yield of wheat was significant at each sulfur level. The direct as well as residual effect of sulfur showed significant increase in sulfur concentration and its uptake by grain and straw except increase in sulfur concentration and uptake by soybean straw. In wheat-soybean cropping sequence, the agronomic efficiency and apparent sulfur recovery decreased with increase in levels of sulfur, but the percent response increased with increasing sulfur application. Different forms of sulfur such as total sulfur, organic sulfur, calcium chloride extractable sulfur, potassium dihydrogen phosphate extractable sulfur, and non-sulfate sulfur in post-harvest soil increased according to sulfur level applied but it decreased under control and also after residual crops. The buildup of sulfur in surface soils was greater than in the deeper soils. Application of sulfur showed the positive sulfur balance and it increased with increase in sulfur level, while it was negative under control. A major portion (46–62%) of applied sulfur contributed to increase in sulfur content of root zone soil followed by unaccounted component (25–40%) and small portion (11–18%) was absorbed by wheat plant as uptake.  相似文献   

Effect of Conditioning Zinc Sulfate Heptahydrate (ZnSHH) with Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Neem Oil on Growth,Productivity, Zinc Biofortification of Grain and Zinc Uptake by Basmati Rice     

Yashbir Singh Shivay  Rajendra Prasad  Madan Pal 《Journal of plant nutrition》2014,37(11):1873-1884

Commercial grade zinc (Zn) sulfate hepta hydrate (ZnSHH) is the most widely used source of Zn in India and several other countries for amelioration of Zn deficiency in crops. However, it releases water of hydration at temperature above 30°C and forms lumps on storage, which make it difficult to handle it and apply in fields. Therefore, conditioning of ZnSHH with ZnO and neem oil reduces the release of water of hydration and prevents lumps formation and can be well stored. Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India during rice growing seasons (July-November) of 2009 and 2010 to study the effect of conditioning ZnSHH with ZnO and neem oil on growth, productivity and Zn fortification of rice (Oryza sativa) grain and uptake by Basmati rice ‘Pusa 1121’. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 3 replications comprised of 9 treatments of Zn fertilization. The present study shows that when conditioned with 2% ZnO and 4% neem oil ZnSHH improved yield attributes, grain and straw yields, Zn uptake and partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), recovery efficiency (RE), and physiological efficiency (PE) of Zn in Basmati rice ‘Pusa 1121’. In general, ZnO was inferior to ZnSHH. Application of ZnSHH conditioned with 2% ZnO and 4% neem oil can be a better source of Zn for transplanted puddled Basmati rice on Zn deficient soils.  相似文献   

Independent and Combined Effects of High Temperature and Drought Stress During Grain Filling on Plant Yield and Chloroplast EF‐Tu Expression in Spring Wheat     

P. V. V. Prasad  S. R. Pisipati  I. Momčilović  Z. Ristic 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(6):430-441

High temperature and drought stress are among the two most important environmental factors influencing crop growth, development and yield processes. These two stresses commonly occur in combination. Objectives of this research were to investigate the independent and combined effects of high temperature and drought stress during grain filling on physiological, vegetative and yield traits and expression of a chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor (EF‐Tu) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two spring wheat cultivars (Pavon‐76 and Seri‐82) were grown at control temperatures (CT; day/night, 24/14 °C; 16/8 h photo/dark period) from sowing to heading. Thereafter, one half of the plants were exposed to high temperature stress (HT; 31/18 °C in Exp. 1 and 34/22 °C in Exp. 2), drought stress (withholding water), or a combination of both HT and drought stress. There were significant influences of HT and/or drought stress on physiological, growth and yield traits. There was no cultivar or cultivar by temperature or cultivar by drought interaction effects on most traits. The decreases in leaf photosynthesis were greater at HT compared with drought alone throughout the stress period, and the combination of HT and drought had the lowest leaf photosynthetic rates. Overall, HT or drought had similar effects (about 48–56 % decrease) on spikelet fertility, grain numbers and grain yield. High temperature decreased grain numbers (by 56 % averaged across both experiments) and individual grain weight (by 25 %), while, respective decreases due to drought were 48 % and 35 %. This suggests that the grain numbers were more sensitive to HT and grain weights to drought for the range of temperatures tested in this research. The interaction between HT and drought stress was significant for total dry weights, harvest index and spikelet fertility, particularly when HT stress was severe (34/22 °C). The combined effects of HT and drought were greater than additive effects of HT or drought alone for leaf chlorophyll content, grain numbers and harvest index. High temperature stress and the combination of HT and drought stress but not drought stress alone resulted in the overexpression of EF‐Tu in both spring wheat cultivars.  相似文献   

Direct and residual effects of fertilizers applied in wheat‐rice cropping system     

K. C. Aipe  Rajendra Prasad 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(1-2):165-170

Field experiments were made on a sandy clay loam Fluvent to determine direct effects of NPK applied to wheat and their residual effects on succeeding rice at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. A significant response of wheat was recorded only for nitrogen which when applied at 120 kg N ha^?1 or more had also significant but only little residual effects on succeeding rice. Adequate ? fertilization of both wheat and rice is necessary. Application of ? and ? had no significant on wheat or succeeding rice but NPK application produced the highest grain yield. Wheat‐rice rotation removed 286.4 to 424.4kg ha^?1 of NPK, which is much more than the rates applied. Thus for sustaining good yields from the wheat‐rice cropping system balanced NPK fertilization is recommended.  相似文献   

Seed Composition, Seedling Emergence and Early Seedling Vigour of Red Kidney Bean Seed Produced at Elevated Temperature and Carbon Dioxide     

J. M. G. Thomas  P. V. V. Prasad  K. J. Boote  & L. H. Allen Jr 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2009,195(2):148-156

Understanding the influence of growth temperature and carbon dioxide (CO₂) on seed quality in terms of seed composition, subsequent seedling emergence and early seedling vigour is important under present and future climates. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of elevated temperature and CO₂ during seed-filling of parent plants on seed composition, subsequent seedling emergence and seedling vigour of red kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ). Plants of cultivar 'Montcalm', were grown at daytime maximum/nighttime minimum sinusoidal temperature regimes of 28/18 and 34/24 °C at ambient CO₂ (350 μmol mol⁻¹) and at elevated CO₂ (700 μmol mol⁻¹) from emergence to maturity. Seed size and seed composition at maturity and subsequent per cent emergence, early seedling vigour (rate of development) and seedling dry matter production were measured. Elevated CO₂ did not influence seed composition, emergence, or seedling vigour of seeds produced either at 28/18 or 34/24 °C. Seed produced at 34/24 °C had smaller seed size, decreased glucose concentration, but significantly increased concentrations of sucrose and raffinose compared to 28/18 °C. Elevated growth temperatures during seed production decreased the subsequent per cent emergence and seedling vigour of the seeds and seedling dry matter production of seed produced either at ambient or elevated CO₂.  相似文献   

Variation in Seed and Seedling Traits of Celtis australis, a Multipurpose Tree, in Central Himalaya, India     

Bhupendra Singh  B. P. Bhatt  P. Prasad 《Agroforestry Systems》2006,67(2):115-122

Seeds of Celtis australis were collected from 13 different sources, ranging from 550 to 1980 masl, in Central Himalaya, India. Significant (p = 0.05) variations were observed for seed traits among provenances. However, among various characters, seed weight exhibited maximum variation between seed populations compared to other morphological characters. Between provenances, seed weight ranged from 47.8 to 83.1 g/1000 seed, with mean value of 66.9 ± 10.7 g/1000 seed. Significant (p = 0.01) positive correlation was found between morphological characters of seeds including seed weight and elevational range of seed source. For one year old seedlings, average shoot and root growth was 61.1 ± 13.3 and 30.5 ± 5.4 cm, respectively, irrespective of provenance variation. Inter-comparing biomass yield of the seedlings with altitude, average biomass production was 8.4 ± 2.5, 9.4 ± 3.3 and 12.7 ± 1.7 g/plant, respectively, for low (550–1000 masl), middle (1050–1250 masl) and high (1350–1980 masl) altitudinal populations. Significant (p = 0.01) positive correlation between growth performance of seedlings and altitude of the seed source was recorded. Across the provenances, shoots had the highest proportion of total biomass (42.3%), followed by leaves (32.6%) and roots (24.6%). Among various provenances, Badiyargaon, Agroda, Guptakashi, Jakholi, Gajeli, Srinagar and Palampur populations produced heavier seedlings and grew faster compared to seedlings of other sources.  相似文献