Geographic distribution of false smut disease of rice in India and efficacy of selected fungicides for its management     

Ladhalakshmi Duraisamy  Srinivas Prasad Madamsetty  Prakasam Vellaichamy  Krishnaveni Donempudi  Sailaja Banda  Ram Singh 《国际虫害防治杂志》2019,65(2):177-185

False smut disease of rice caused by the fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, has become a serious production constraint in various rice-growing regions of India. Analysis of rice false smut disease survey data of last 24 years revealed significant changes in the intensity of the disease in various rice-growing regions of India over the years. We evaluated three fungicide formulations viz., trifloxystrobin-tebuconazole (TT) combination (0.04%), kresoxim methyl (KM) (0.1%) and propiconazole (PC) (0.1%) for their effectiveness against false smut disease of rice. Under in vitro condition, TT and PC completely inhibited the fungal growth while KM inhibited the growth by 80%. We evaluated the efficacy of these chemicals in a multi-location trial in 3 hot spot locations, consecutively for three years. A single fungicide spray was given in 3 different crop stages (booting, 50% panicle emergence and 100% panicle emergence). The results indicated that all the treatments significantly reduced the percentage of both infected panicles and spikelets in all the three locations. Both TT and PC were most effective in reducing the disease intensity and increasing the yield when applied either in booting or in 50% panicle emergence stage.  相似文献   

Influence of leguminous cover crops on microbial and selected enzyme activities in soils of a plantation     

R. Dinesh  M. A. Suryanarayana  G. Shyam Prasad  A. K. Bandyopadhyay  A. K. Nair  T. V. R. S. Sharma 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1999,162(1):57-60

A study dealing with ecological sustainability of plantation based land use initiated in 1991 in a 19 yr old coconut plantation consists of growing certain leguminous crops like Atylosia, Pueraria, Centrosema and Calopogonium as soil cover in separate plots with lemon grass as live bounds. These cover crops are grown during the rainy season and incorporated into the soil towards the end of the monsoon every year. The effect of such cover crops on soil microbial counts (total counts, fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria), biomass C, organic C, total N and on the activity of enzymes like urease, amidase, L-glutaminase, aryl sulphatase and dehydrogenase was determined in soils (Ap horizon) collected from these plots after 5 years. Soils with cover crops registered significantly higher microbial biomass, biomass C, organic C and total N compared to control. Consequently, all the enzymes were activated to different degrees in soils with cover crops. Significant and positive relationships of enzyme activities with organic C, mineral N and total N suggested that growing cover crops, increased C turnover and N availability and therefore, provided a conducive environment for microbial proliferation, enzyme synthesis and accumulation in the soil matrix.  相似文献   

‘Damsel in distress’‐ The tale of Miss Kerala,Puntius denisonii (Day), an endemic and endangered cyprinid of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot (South India)     

Rajeev Raghavan  G. Prasad  Benno Pereira  P.H. Anvar Ali  L. Sujarittanonta 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2009,19(1):67-74

• 1. Denison's Barb, Puntius denisonii (Day) is an endemic and endangered cyprinid fish of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in peninsular India, which is the focus of an organized yet undocumented fishery targeting juveniles for the international aquarium trade.
• 2. Research on P. denisonii has been very limited and there has been no systematic effort to assess and monitor their abundance, distribution and populations.
• 3. Anecdotal and circumstantial evidence indicates a highly restricted distribution, low abundance, declining populations, low catch per unit effort and increasing market prices, providing evidence of an impending conservation crisis and the need for urgent management of wild stocks.
• 4. This paper reviews current knowledge, provides results from the authors' field study and suggests priorities for conservation and management actions for P. denisonii in the streams of Kerala.

Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

EFFECT OF NANOSCALE ZINC OXIDE PARTICLES ON THE GERMINATION,GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEANUT     

T. N. V. K. V. Prasad  P. Sudhakar  Y. Sreenivasulu  P. Latha  V. Munaswamy  K. Raja Reddy 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):905-927

An investigation was initiated to examine the effects of nanoscale zinc oxide particles on plant growth and development. In view of the widespread cultivation of peanut in India and in other parts of the globe and in view of the potential influence of zinc on its growth, this plant was chosen as the model system. Peanut seeds were separately treated with different concentrations of nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO) and chelated bulk zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄) suspensions (a common zinc supplement), respectively and the effect this treatment had on seed germination, seedling vigor, plant growth, flowering, chlorophyll content, pod yield and root growth were studied. Treatment of nanoscale ZnO (25 nm mean particle size) at 1000 ppm concentration promoted both seed germination and seedling vigor and in turn showed early establishment in soil manifested by early flowering and higher leaf chlorophyll content. These particles proved effective in increasing stem and root growth. Pod yield per plant was 34% higher compared to chelated bulk ZnSO₄. Consequently, a field experiment was conducted during Rabi seasons of 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 with the foliar application of nanoscale ZnO particles at 15 times lower dose compared to the chelated ZnSO₄ recommended and we recorded 29.5% and 26.3% higher pod yield, respectively, compared to chelated ZnSO₄. The inhibitory effect with higher nanoparticle concentration (2000 ppm) reveals the need for judicious usage of these particles in such applications. This is the first report on the effect of nanoscale particles on peanut growth and yield.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In vitro</Emphasis> propagation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichosanthus dioica</Emphasis> Roxb. for nutritional security     

Satyajit Saurabh  Dinesh Prasad  Ambarish S. Vidyarthi 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2017,20(2):81-87

The pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) is an important cucurbit reported for its medicinal value, therapeutic potential, and as a popular delicacy (especially in Indian cuisine). Being nutritive and desirous, it has potential to feed the nations and addresses their nutritional security and economic prosperity. The plant is usually vegetatively propagated and cultivated for fruits during summer and rainy seasons. The limited supply of planting material, limits cultivation and production. The present study was in anticipation for direct organogenesis, callus induction, and somatic embryo formation from leaf and node explants of T. dioica Roxb. In this study, the MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D was found to be most efficient for callus induction, followed by 0.5 mg/L Kn and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D. The embryogenic callus was developed by sub-culturing of node callus in the same media. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis revealed the presence of embryogenic cell clusters having globular embryos, which were found irresponsive to develop further. Through direct organogenesis, the node explants have responded to produce true-to-type plants for propagation. It was observed that MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BA was efficient for shoot proliferation, and 0.5 mg/L IAA was found more efficient for root development. Notably, the plant remains unexplored in its potential for improvement involving molecular breeding and tissue culture. These results may be effective to produce genetically stable plants on a large scale and aid the genetic improvement of pointed gourds.  相似文献   

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Rice Germplasm in Tripura State of Northeast India Using Drought and Blast Linked Markers     

Alpana Anupam  Jahangir Imam  Syed Mohammad Quatadah  Anantha Siddaiah  Shankar Prasad Das  Mukund Variar  Nimai Prasad Mandal 《水稻科学》2017,24(1):10-20

We genotyped 74 rice germplasms including Tripura's local landraces, improved varieties, cultivars and breeding lines and other rice varieties using molecular markers for genetic diversity, drought QTLs, and blast resistance genes. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 5 with an average of 2.9. The polymorphic information content value per locus ranged from 0.059 (RM537) to 0.755 (RM252) with an average of 0.475. Cluster analysis based on 30 simple sequence repeat markers revealed 5 clusters and also indicated the presence of variability within the rice accessions. The drought QTL qDTY2.1 was found in 56.0% of germplasms and qDTY1.1 was detected in only 6.8% of the germplasms. Out of seven rice blast resistance genes screened, only two rice varieties, RCPL-1-82 and Buh Vubuk (Lubuk), were positive for four blast resistance genes while only Releng possessed two blast resistance genes. Among 74 rice germplasms, only three accessions, Releng, RCPL1-82 and Buh Vubuk (Lubuk), possessed both drought-related QTLs and blast resistance genes. Overall, the 74 indigenous rice genotypes showed low level of genetic diversity, which is in contrast to high level of genetic diversity among rice varieties in northeast India, where highlights the good farming practice, conservation of germplasms and the limitation of molecular markers employed in this study. The presence of both drought related QTLs and blast resistance genes in some of the germplasms can be useful in future breeding programmes.  相似文献   

Effect of three different oil cake-based diets on pond production performance of silver barb, Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker)     

Kedar Nath Mohanta  Satyendra Nath Mohanty  Joykrushna Jena  & Narottam Prasad Sahu 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(11):1131-1140

One of the three iso-nitrogenous (30% crude protein) and iso-energetic (15.0 MJ kg⁻¹ diet) oil cake-based diets (groundnut, D-1; soybean, D-2 and mustard, D-3) was fed to the fingerlings (6.61 ± 0.06 g) of silver barb ( Puntius gonionotus ) for 120 days in triplicate fertilized ponds (0.04 ha) with a stocking density of 9000 fish ha⁻¹. Fish were fed at 10% of their body weight for the first month, followed by 3% in the second and 2.5% in the third and fourth months of the culture period. The fish fed diets D-1, D-2 and D-3 grew from initial weights of 6.67, 6.67 and 6.50 g to 320.23, 298.23 and 305.13 g respectively. No significant variation ( P >0.05) was found in the growth and nutrient utilization of fish fed different dietary treatments. Net profits of Indian Rupees 67 385, 59 535 and 65 790 ha⁻¹ were obtained in fish fed D-1, D-2 and D-3, respectively, within 120 days of culture. The results of this study suggest the possibility of the use of mustard oil cake as a dietary protein source for pond culture of silver barb in addition to groundnut and soybean oil cakes without compromising the growth, nutrient utilization, production performance and economics of culture of this fish.  相似文献   

Microdetermination of tryptophan in compounded poultry rations     

S C Datta 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1977,60(6):1379-1381

A reliable method for the microdetermination of tryptophan in compounded poultry rations has been developed. Samples are hydrolyzed with Ba (OH)2, and the hydrolysate is passed through a Dowex-50 column to remove the salts and soluble carbohydrates. N-1-Naphthylethylenediamine is added to the purified feed hydrolysate, and color is read at 530 nm.  相似文献   

Interspecific hybridization between Corchorus olitorius Linn. and C. capsularis Linn. and the cytogenetical basis of incompatibility between them     

G. I. Patel  R. M. Datta 《Euphytica》1960,9(1):89-110

The pollen grains of Corchorus olitorius and capsularis (jute) germinate within ten minutes in cross-pollinations as well as in self-pollinations. No perceptible difference is observed in the number of capsularis pollen grains germinating on olitorius stigmas and vice versa, though an olitorius stigma (being bigger) accommodates more pollen than capsularis.Several hundreds of flowers of different capsularis types were pollinated with those of olitorius and vice versa for three years. Very small quantities of seeds are produced in the cross-pollinations compared to self-pollinations. The percentages of empty, partially full and full seeds produced vary greatly in different crosses including their reciprocal ones. Most of the seeds obtained are shrivelled and empty. Few apparently normal looking full seeds, more or less of the same size in appearance as selfed ones that are produced in certain crosses, weigh less than the same number of selfed seeds of the respective female parents concerned; this suggests the under-development of the embryo or/and endosperm. The seeds do not germinate. Even in spite of including some types of capsularis closer to olitorius in certain characters and the wild types of both species in the crossing programme, still there was no success in getting hybrids between the two cultivated species of jute. Style reduction methods also fail. The possibilities of getting hybrids between them are indicated.

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Samenvatting Getracht is de soortskruising van Corchorus olitorius x C. capsularis tot stand te brengen. Voor de veredeling van jute (o.a. op ziekteresistentie) zou dit belangrijke perspektieven kunnen bieden.Ofschoon wel enig zaad verkregen werd, gelukte het toch niet daaruit F₁ planten op te kweken. Bij de voortzetting van het onderzoek zal gezocht worden naar methoden om de beide soorten toch te overbruggen.

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Department of Agriculture, Calcutta University  相似文献   

Controlled-environment and field evaluation of heat stress induced genetic variability on translocation efficiency and grain filling traits in rice     

Ayyavu  Vinitha  Dhashnamurthi  Vijayalakshmi  Venugopal  Babu Rajendra Prasad 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2022,25(5):535-545

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The grain filling of rice is gets weakened by heat stress due to reduced spike photosynthesis at high temperature stress. An alternate source of carbon...  相似文献