Nitrogen availability decreases prokaryotic diversity in sandy soils     

Silke Ruppel  Vigdis Torsvik  Frida Lise Daae  Lise Øvreås  Jörg Rühlmann 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,43(4):449-459

In this study, the interrelation between nitrogen availability and prokaryotic diversity are studied using a well-characterised system from a long-term field experiment on a loamy sandy soil. The prokaryotic potential functional diversity and community composition were assessed using community-level physiological profiling (CLPP), and their phylogenetic diversity was analysed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) in combination with sequencing analysis. Highest prokaryotic potential functional diversity was measured in the control soil receiving no N fertilisation, indicating an efficient as well as versatile utilisation of the substrates in this soil. Both substrate utilisation richness and substrate utilisation evenness, the two constituents of the functional diversity, were decreased with increasing N supply. Furthermore, distinct prokaryotic community compositions were generated in N-enriched soils compared to unfertilised control soils. These differences suggest a dominance of populations adapted to utilising readily available substrates. We demonstrated that the shift in prokaryotic functional diversity was connected to a shift in the phylogenetic structure of the bacterial and archaeal communities. Taken together, our data clearly show that, for the sandy soil system, prokaryotic diversity and N availability were interrelated.  相似文献   

Odor emissions from liquid-manure containers in comparison with those from stable exhausts]     

H Vetter  H H Kowalewsky 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1979,86(5):201-204

  相似文献   

Assessing the demand for scientists and engineers     

Vetter BM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,184(4132):11

  相似文献   

More women for higher education     

Vetter BM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,178(4063):815

  相似文献   

Effect of a synthetic chelating agent upon forage intake and ruminal fermentation in lambs     

F B Stifel  R L Vetter 《Journal of animal science》1967,26(1):129-135

  相似文献   

BKCa-Cav channel complexes mediate rapid and localized Ca2+-activated K+ signaling     

Berkefeld H  Sailer CA  Bildl W  Rohde V  Thumfart JO  Eble S  Klugbauer N  Reisinger E  Bischofberger J  Oliver D  Knaus HG  Schulte U  Fakler B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5799):615-620

Large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channels (BKCa) are dually activated by membrane depolarization and elevation of cytosolic calcium ions (Ca2+). Under normal cellular conditions, BKCa channel activation requires Ca2+ concentrations that typically occur in close proximity to Ca2+ sources. We show that BKCa channels affinity-purified from rat brain are assembled into macromolecular complexes with the voltage-gated calcium channels Cav1.2 (L-type), Cav2.1 (P/Q-type), and Cav2.2 (N-type). Heterologously expressed BKCa-Cav complexes reconstitute a functional "Ca2+ nanodomain" where Ca2+ influx through the Cav channel activates BKCa in the physiological voltage range with submillisecond kinetics. Complex formation with distinct Cav channels enables BKCa-mediated membrane hyperpolarization that controls neuronal firing pattern and release of hormones and transmitters in the central nervous system.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Extraskeletal osteosarcoma     

MacKenzie S  Hecht S  Sura PA  Craig LE 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(7):817-818

  相似文献   

Magnetic resonance imaging of canine mast cell tumors     

Pokorny E  Hecht S  Sura PA  LeBlanc AK  Phillips J  Conklin GA  Haifley KA  Newkirk K 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2012,53(2):167-173

Mast cell tumors (MCT) are the most common cutaneous tumors in dogs. Our purpose was to describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of cutaneous MCT and to identify imaging characteristics that allow differentiation of metastatic from normal lymph nodes. Eight dogs with a total of nineMCT were imaged as were their presumed draining and associated contralateral lymph nodes. The signal intensity of tumors and lymph nodes was compared to adjacent musculature. On T2-W images, 7/9 MCT were hyperintense to muscle and 2/9 were isointense. On T1-W images, 8/9 MCT were isointense and 1/9 were mildly hypointense. All tumors were strongly contrast enhancing; 5/9 were homogeneous and 4/9 heterogeneous in their enhancement patterns. Six lymph node pairs were included in the evaluation (five sentinel lymph nodes with metastases, one without, and six contralateral lymph nodes). Metastatic lymph nodes were significantly larger than their contralateral lymph nodes (P = 0.039). All lymph nodes were isointense on T1-W images and hyperintense on T2-W images. 5/5 metastatic and 2/7 normal lymph nodes were heterogeneously T2-hyperintense. All lymph nodes were moderately to strongly contrast enhancing. 4/5 metastatic and 2/7 normal lymph nodes had heterogeneous enhancement patterns. While heterogeneity was more common in metastatic than in normal lymph nodes, this difference was not significant (P = 0.058 for T2-W images; P = 0.234 for postcontrast images). MR imaging may be useful in the presurgical evaluation and clinical staging of cutaneous MCT.  相似文献   

Determinants of reproductive success: A comparative study of five endangered river corridor plants in fragmented habitats     

Christina Winter  Silke Lehmann  Martin Diekmann   《Biological conservation》2008,141(4):1095-1104

River corridor plants in Central Europe have in recent decades become increasingly rare, caused mainly by habitat destruction and change. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of soil quality, but especially of habitat fragmentation in terms of population size and isolation, on seed production and germination of five selected species, all of which being endangered, perennial herbs: Euphorbia palustris, Lathyrus palustris, Pseudolysimachion longifolium, Sanguisorba officinalis, and Senecio paludosus. We sampled totally 58 populations in flood plains in the surroundings of Bremen, North-western Germany.

In all five species, there were positive correlations between the number of seeds (total seed mass) and plant height, as well as between germination and seed mass. Seed traits values and/or germination were negatively affected by small population size, in Euphorbia, Lathyrus and Pseudolysimachion additionally by high population isolation. There were also significant effects of soil quality, but these were less consistent across species. The contribution of population size and isolation, compared to soil quality, to the variance explained in the reproductive components was especially high in Euphorbia and Lathyrus, the only two species depending on insect pollination.

The results indicate that the five species are likely to decline as a consequence of decreased plant fitness in small and/or isolated populations, probably caused by pollen limitation. The studied species may be representative for the group of river corridor plants as a whole that are often restricted to isolated remnants of near-natural flood plain vegetation in a matrix of heavily used agricultural land.  相似文献   

Evaluation of butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine in captive cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) immobilization     

Aleksandr Semjonov  Jacobus P. Raath  Liesel Laubscher  Toomas Orro  Silke Pfitzer  Toomas Tiirats  Peter Stewart Rogers  Vladimir Andrianov 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2019,46(1):90-95

Objective

The butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine fixed-dose combination (BAM, respectively, 30-12-12 mg mL^?1) with subsequent antagonism by naltrexone-atipamezole was evaluated for reversible immobilization of captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus).

Study design

Prospective, clinical trial.

Animals

Twelve cheetahs (six males and six females, weighing 37–57 kg) housed in enclosures, were immobilized at Hoedspruit Endangered Species Centre in the Republic of South Africa.

Methods

BAM volume dose rate was 0.009–0.014 mL kg^?1 (mean ± standard deviation 0.010 ± 0.001 mL kg^?1). Total dose in all animals was 0.5 mL. The actual doses were as follows: butorphanol (0.29 ± 0.04 mg kg^?1), azaperone (0.12 ± 0.01 mg kg^?1) and medetomidine (0.12 ± 0.01 mg kg^?1). Physiologic variables and quality of immobilization were recorded every 5 minutes beginning at 15–20 minutes after darting. Arterial blood samples were collected three times at 20, 30 and 40 minutes after darting from all animals for analysis of blood oxygenation and acid-base status.

Results

The inductions were calm and smooth and mean induction time was 4.0 ± 1.1 minutes. Heart rate (50 ± 9 beats minute^?1) and respiratory frequency (20 ± 3 breaths minute^?1) were stable throughout immobilization. The recovery time after reversing with naltrexone and atipamezole was 9.1 ± 3.6 minutes.

Conclusions

and clinical relevance BAM proved to be a reliable and cardiovascular stable drug combination for immobilization of cheetahs.  相似文献