Identification of a fungi-derived terrestrial halogenated natural product in wild boar (Sus scrofa)     

Hiebl J  Lehnert K  Vetter W 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(11):6188-6192

In this study, we identified and quantitated a tetrachlorinated compound found at high concentrations in some samples of the meat of free-ranging wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Southern Germany. Mass spectrometric analysis indicated that the compound was a tetrachloromethoxyphenol isomer, and the subsequently synthesized tetrachloro-p-methoxyphenol was identical with the unknown compound in wild boar. Tetrachloro-p-methoxyphenol is a known secondary metabolite of basidiomycetous fungi, which in turn are regular feed items of the wild boar. It is extremely likely that the wild boar have accumulated tetrachloro-p-methoxyphenol by exploiting basidiomycetes. The highest concentration in the samples (n = 22) was ~1 mg/kg lipids tetrachloro-p-methoxyphenol. This concentration was higher than that of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in any of the samples. Some samples did not contain tetrachloro-p-methoxyphenol, which indicates varied preferences in fungi by wild boars. Our data suggest that during their entire evolution, humans have been in contact with the natural product tetrachloro-p-methoxyphenol by consuming wild boars.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Spinal fracture     

Hughes KL  Hecht S  Allender MC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2011,239(5):573-574

  相似文献   

From Framework to Forest Activities: A Comparative Analysis of Different Ownership Types in Two Adjacent Regions   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Christoph Hartebrodt  Silke Bitz 《Small-Scale Forestry》2007,6(3):309-328

The paper examines the interactions between the demands of society, the restrictions due to recreational and protective functions of forests and the intensity and kind of forest management in the various ownership classes in Switzerland (CH) and Baden–Württemberg (BW) in south–west Germany. A survey was carried out among owners of communal forests, private forest landholders owning more than 200 ha of forest land and small-scale forest enterprises with up to 200 ha of forest land. The survey adopted a two-dimensional approach, using regions and comparable ownership classes in order to identify basic differences and underlying key drivers. It became obvious that there are relevant distinctions between the two countries. The paper highlights the present use of forests, the restrictions perceived by their owners, and the underlying management strategies in terms of structure of the forests, tree species composition and thinning activities. In BW the financial function is the dominant motivation for the majority of the private owners. The communities emphasize both timber and non-timber functions of their forests. Except for the protection function (avalanches, rockslides) the utilisation and importance of the forest in CH is lower than in BW. Profitability of forests continues to be a key-driver of intensity of forest management activities, but there is less influence on the choice of basic silvicultural strategies. The results of this comparative survey are placed in the context of a forest policy framework and the medium-term financial situation in the two countries.

Christoph HartebrodtEmail:

  相似文献   

传染性法氏囊病的研究进展与防控措施   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Silke Rautenschlein 《中国家禽》2010,32(15)

<正>1鸡免疫系统与免疫抑制病鸡的免疫系统,特别是免疫细胞群,其细胞和细胞之间是如何相互作用产生免疫反应的?我们首先要建立一个概念,假如鸡群处在非常糟糕的状况之下,这会影响免疫细胞群之间的相互协同作用,如果鸡群中存在免疫抑制因素,那么,鸡只对B细胞或T细胞的免疫应答反应会差很多。免疫细胞集群见图1。  相似文献   

Dialkyl phosphorofluoridates and alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates as disruptants of moth sex pheromone-mediated behavior     

Mangel S. Malik  Richard S. Vetter  Thomas C. Baker  T. Roy Fukuto 《Pest management science》1991,32(1):35-46

A series of dialkyl phosphorofluoridates and alkyl methylphosphono-fluoridates in which one or two of the alkyl moieties were long-chain alkyl groups were synthesized and examined for their ability to disrupt moth sex pheromone-mediated behavior of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta. Disruption of pheromone-mediated behavior was found only for those compounds containing a (Z)-8-dodecenyl moiety, i.e. the alkyl substituent of the principal pheromone component ((Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate) of the oriental fruit moth. Di-((Z)-8-dodecenyl) phosphorofluoridate was nearly as disruptive as (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate.  相似文献   

New data show slow changes in science labor force     

Vetter BM  Babco EL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1982,216(4550):1094-1095

  相似文献   

Symposium to address expected shortfall of scientists and engineers     

Babco EL  Vetter BM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,237(4819):1226

  相似文献   

Women and minorities continue to grow in workplace     

Vetter BM  Babco EL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,226(4671):159

  相似文献   

Long-term trends of shorebird populations in eastern Australia and impacts of freshwater extraction     

Silke Nebel  John L. Porter  Richard T. Kingsford   《Biological conservation》2008,141(4):971-980

Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) and their wetland habitats are under threat worldwide. While data exist for shorebird population trends for many parts of the world, two thirds of Australia’s populations have not been assessed. We report the results of a large-scale aerial shorebird survey, sampling about a third of the Australian continent over a period of 24 years (1983–2006). Migratory shorebirds have declined by 73%, Australian resident shorebirds by 81%. Of the 10 wetlands supporting the highest number of shorebirds within the survey bands, eight were inland wetlands and only two coastal, emphasising the importance of inland wetlands for shorebirds. Wetland area decreased significantly at four of the 10 main sites. Annual rainfall showed no trends (1983–2005) but water extraction was substantial for four of the 10 wetlands, contributing to reduced flooding extent and frequency. Loss of wetlands due to river regulation is a significant contributor to the drastic decline in shorebird numbers in Australia, largely unrecognized in international conservation agreements in Australia.  相似文献   

In vitro potential antioxidant activity of (1-->3),(1-->6)-beta-D-glucan and protein fractions from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls     

Jaehrig SC  Rohn S  Kroh LW  Fleischer LG  Kurz T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(12):4710-4716

(1-->3),(1-->6)-Beta-D-Glucan, a cell wall polysaccharide in many microorganisms, fungi and algae, is a well-known biological response modifier. Recently, it was found that (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae also exhibits antioxidative capabilities. In this study the antioxidative activity of the cell wall fractions of brewer's yeast was investigated. Particular emphasis was put on the question to which extent glucan is responsible for the antioxidative activity of the cell walls and how the other cell wall components might contribute. For the experiments yeast cell walls from brewery fermentations were used. Glucan was isolated by a three-step extraction procedure including a combination of hot water and enzymatic treatment. The level of (1-->3),(1-->6)-beta-D-glucan in the cell walls was analyzed enzymatically. The antioxidant activity was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay. The results show that the antioxidative activity of yeast cell wall proteins exceeds that of beta-glucan greatly. Especially aromatic side chains and free thiols from denatured proteins seem to work as antioxidants.  相似文献