Butyrate and propionate improve the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei          下载免费PDF全文

Bruno Corrêa da Silva  Felipe do Nascimento Vieira  José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño  Norha Bolivar  Walter Quadros Seiffert 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(2):612-623

Organic salts may improvement the animal performance, increasing the efficiency of nutrient utilization and modifying the intestinal microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate and sodium propionate supplementation at different levels of dietary inclusions in the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei. In total, seven diets were evaluated: a control diet (without supplementation) and three diets from each sodium salt, propionate and butyrate, in concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2%. We used 21 tanks of 6000 L stocked with 150 shrimps (2.53 ± 0.03 g). The shrimps fed diets supplemented with propionate and butyrate, in all concentrations, increased their final weight. The feed efficiency, nitrogen retention, protein efficiency rate, survival and yield of shrimps fed the diet containing 2% butyrate were higher in comparison with control treatment. The shrimps supplemented with butyrate also showed lower counts of Vibrio sp. in the intestine. The shrimps fed the diet supplemented with butyrate and propionate also showed higher values of serum agglutination titre. Thus, it is possible to conclude that dietary supplementation with propionate and butyrate in different dietary concentrations modify the intestinal microbiota and improves the growth of L. vannamei.  相似文献   

Toxicity of botanical insecticides on Diaphania hyalinata,their selectivity for the predatory ant Paratrechina sp., and their potential phytotoxicity on pumpkin     

Ricardo S. Silva  Adriano C. Tomaz  Mayara C. Lopes  Vânia M. Xavier  Marcelo C. Picanço 《国际虫害防治杂志》2016,62(2):95-104

The use of botanical insecticides could be an alternative efficient pest management in Cucurbitaceae against melonworm Diaphania hyalinata and less harmful to its predator. Few studies jointly assess the efficiency of botanical insecticides, their effects on pest, and their effect on the natural enemy and target crop. Here we examine (1) their impact against the melonworm D. hyalinata, a key pest of Cucurbitaceae, (2) their toxicity to the predatory ant Paratrechina sp., and (3) their phytotoxicity to pumpkin plants. The botanical insecticides citronella oil and eucalyptus oil were highly toxic to D. hyalinata and they exhibited to be less harmful for the predatory ant Paratrechina sp. Andiroba oil, eucalyptus oil, garlic extract, and citronella oil caused feeding inhibition of the D. hyalinata larvae. Eucalyptus oil, andiroba oil, garlic extract, and rotenone inhibited the oviposition of D. hyalinata. None of the insecticides was phytotoxic to pumpkin plants. Eucalyptus oil and citronella oil have induced high mortality and altered the behavior of target pests. In addition, they were selective for the predator Paratrechina sp. and not exhibited phytotoxicity on pumpkin plants. Eucalyptus oil and citronella oil seem the most promising compounds for incorporation into melonworm management programs, because they induced high mortality and altered the behavior of target pests and were selective for the predator Paratrechina sp.  相似文献   

Dietary methionine requirement of the pre‐adult gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibeilo) at a constant dietary cystine level          下载免费PDF全文

X. Wang  M. Xue  C. Figueiredo‐Silva  J. Wang  Y. Zheng  X. Wu  F. Han  K. Mai 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2016,22(3):509-516

A 62‐day growth trial was conducted to determine the dietary Met requirement of the pre‐adult gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibeilo) (initial weight of 51.0 ± 0.02 g). Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets using fish meal, blood meal and pea protein concentrate as protein sources supplemented with crystalline amino acids were formulated to contain graded levels of dietary Met (4.44, 6.56, 8.55, 10.90, 12.79 and 15.05 g kg^?1, respectively) at a constant dietary cystine level of 3.99 g kg^?1. The results showed that weight gain rate and protein productive value significantly increased with the dietary Met levels from 4.44 to 8.55 g kg^?1, then reached plateau at 10.90 g kg^?1. Plasma HDL‐C and TC were increased with dietary Met levels. Fish supplied with 4.44–8.55 g kg^?1 Met showed lower plasma AST level than that of other groups. Plasma TG, LDL‐C and ALT levels were stable for all treatments. The activity of intestinal γ‐GT was increased with dietary Met levels. The optimal requirement of Met for pre‐adult gibel carp (>50 g) was a range from 7.86 g kg^?1 to 9.84 g kg^?1 dry diet or 16.9 g kg^?1 to 23.0 g kg^?1 of dietary protein with the presence of 3.99 g kg^?1 Cys for the satisfied lipid metabolism and maximum growth, respectively.  相似文献   

Phylogeny,distribution and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia species associated with dieback of table grape in the main Brazilian exporting region          下载免费PDF全文

K. C. Correia  M. A. Silva  M. A. de Morais Jr  J. Armengol  A. J. L. Phillips  M. P. S. Câmara  S. J. Michereff 《Plant pathology》2016,65(1):92-103

Botryosphaeria dieback is an important disease of table grape in the São Francisco Valley, the main Brazilian exporting region. The objectives of this study were to identify species of Lasiodiplodia associated with botryosphaeria dieback of table grapes in the São Francisco Valley, investigate the prevalence and distribution of the species in the region, and evaluate their pathogenicity and virulence in green shoots of table grape. A total of 112 Lasiodiplodia isolates were obtained from 14 vineyards, located in Casa Nova, Juazeiro and Petrolina. Fungal identifications were made using phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1‐α (EF1‐α) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, in combination with morphometric characteristics of conidia. Eight species of Lasiodiplodia were identified: L. brasiliense, L. crassispora, L. egyptiacae, L. euphorbicola, L. hormozganensis, L. jatrophicola, L. pseudotheobromae and L. theobromae. Except for L. crassispora, L. pseudotheobromae and L. theobromae, all the other species are reported for the first time on grapevine worldwide. The distribution of Lasiodiplodia species differed between the three table grape populations of São Francisco Valley. All Lasiodiplodia species isolated in this study were present in the population of Casa Nova and Lasiodiplodia theobromae was the most prevalent. All species of Lasiodiplodia were pathogenic on detached green shoots of grapevine, with L. brasiliense being the most virulent.  相似文献   

Stable integration and expression of a cry1Ia gene conferring resistance to fall armyworm and boll weevil in cotton plants          下载免费PDF全文

Carliane RC Silva  Rose Monnerat  Liziane M Lima  Érica S Martins  Péricles A Melo Filho  Morganna PN Pinheiro  Roseane C Santos 《Pest management science》2016,72(8):1549-1557

  相似文献   

Half Century Monitoring Air Pollution in a Megacity: a Case Study of Rio de Janeiro     

Adriana Gioda  Luciana Maria Baptista Ventura  Michelle Branco Ramos  Mariana Palagano Ramalho Silva 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(3):86

  相似文献   

Foundry Sands as Supports for Heterogeneous Photocatalysts     

Greice Vanin Oliveira  William Leonardo da Silva  Eduardo Rolim de Oliveira  Marla Azário Lansarin  João H. Z. dos Santos 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(10):373

  相似文献   

Validation of an efficient visual method for estimating leaf area index in clonal Eucalyptus plantations     

Rodrigo Hakamada  Carmeni Giunti Neto  Cristiane CZ de Lemos  Sérgio R Silva  Marina SG Otto  Kevin B Hall 《Southern Forests》2016,78(4):275-281

Leaf area index (LAI) is a key ecophysiological parameter in forest stands because it characterises the interface between atmospheric processes and plant physiology. Several indirect methods for estimating LAI have been developed. However, these methods have limitations that can affect the estimates. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and applicability of a visual method for estimating LAI in clonal Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla plantations and to compare it with hemispherical photography, ceptometer and LAI-2000^® estimates. Destructive sampling for direct determination of the actual LAI was performed in 22 plots at two geographical locations in Brazil. Actual LAI values were then used to develop a field guide with photographic images representing an LAI range of 1.0–5.0 m² m^?2 (leaf area/ground area). The visual LAI estimation guide was evaluated with 17 observers in the field. The average difference between actual LAI and visual LAI estimation was 12% and the absolute difference between the two methods was less than or equal to 0.5 m² m^?2 in 77% of plots. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were high between actual LAI and hemispherical photographs (0.8), visual estimation (0.93) and LAI-2000^® (0.99) and low for the ceptometer (0.18). However, absolute values differed among methods, with the average difference between the actual and estimated LAI of [12]% for visual estimation, 28% for the LAI-2000^®, 37% for the ceptometer and ?43% for hemispherical photographs. The LAI-2000^® and ceptometer overestimated LAI in all plots, whereas hemispherical photographs underestimated the values in all measurements, showing that these methods need calibration to be used. No differences were observed between actual LAI and visual estimates across stand ages of 2–8 years and LAI of 1.5–5.3 m² m^?2 (P > 0.05). The results show that visual estimation of LAI in Eucalyptus stands is a practical method that is unaffected by atmospheric characteristics and can be used on an operational scale.  相似文献   

Chromosome markers confirm origin of Heliconia hybrids and triploids     

Marília Gabriela de Santana Costa  Brunno Sérgio Ferreira Leite  Vivian Loges  Ebenézer Bernardes Correia Silva  Andreza Santos da Costa  Walma Nogueira Ramos Guimarães  Ana Christina Brasileiro-Vidal 《Euphytica》2016,207(3):501-514

  相似文献   

Inbreeding depression in cassava for productive traits     

Juan Paulo Xavier de Freitas  Vanderlei da Silva Santos  Eder Jorge de Oliveira 《Euphytica》2016,209(1):137-145

  相似文献