Salmonella serotypes in wild boars (Sus scrofa) hunted in northern Italy     

Mario Chiari  Mariagrazia Zanoni  Silvia Tagliabue  Antonio Lavazza  Loris G Alborali 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2013,55(1):42

Background

Salmonella species (spp.) are zoonotic enteric bacteria able to infect humans, livestock and wildlife.However, little is known about the prevalence and the presence of the different serovars in wildlife. Considering the wide distribution of wild boars and the feeding behaviour (omnivorous scavengers), wild boars may be a good indicator for environmental presence of Salmonella spp. The aims of this study were to determine the presence of Salmonella spp. in hunted wild boars and to determine the serotype the isolated strains.

Findings

Over three hunting seasons, the intestinal contents of 1,313 boars hunted in northern Italy were sampled and cultured. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 326 boars (24.82%). Thirty different serovars belonging to three different S. enterica spp. were found. Twenty-one serovars of S. enterica subsp. Enterica were found including the human pathogens S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. In addition, nine serovars belonging to S.enterica subsp. diarizonae and S. enterica subsp. houtenae were detected.

Conclusions

Considering the widespread occurrence of wild boars in Europe, the epidemiological role of this species in relation to salmonellosis might be relevant and should be further investigated. Wild boars may act as healthy carriers of a wide range of Salmonella serotypes.  相似文献   

A case of pili torti in a young adult domestic short‐haired cat     

Elisa Maina  Silvia Colombo  Francesca Abramo  Gianandrea Pasquinelli 《Veterinary dermatology》2013,24(2):289-e68

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Spatial variability of short-term effect of tillage on soil penetration resistance     

Carlos Agustín Alesso  María Josefina Masola  María Eugenia Carrizo  Pablo Ariel Cipriotti  Silvia del Imhoff 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(6):822-832

The effect of tillage on soil properties varies within field due to spatial variability of soils. Mapping changes of soil penetration resistance (PR) would be useful to understand and assess tillage practices to alleviate soil compaction. The objectives were to model the short-term effect of tillage on PR and its spatial structure, and to delineate homogeneous zones based on soil response in a Typic Argiudoll previously managed under no-till. A grid sampling for PR and soil water content (SWC) were performed before and after chiselling. Spatial analysis was performed on the effect of tillage on PR data by 10 cm layers and homogeneous zones were delineated by k-means cluster analysis. The effect of tillage was ?0.33 MPa in 10–20 and 20–30 cm layer. No differences of PR were found at 0–10 cm. Short range (5–7 m) spatial structure on the horizontal plane was observed in all layers. Only 45% of the field showed a marked effect of tillage on PR. Mapping the effect of tillage on PR would be a useful approach for evaluating the global and local response of soil to tillage, as well as for delineating of areas within field for site-specific tillage practices.  相似文献   

Extracts of Peels and Seeds of Five Varieties of Brazilian Jabuticaba Present High Capacity to Deactivate Reactive Species of Oxygen and Nitrogen     

Paludo  Michelly Cristiane  de Oliveira  Luciana Fontes  Hermosín-Gutiérrez  Isidro  Ballus  Cristiano Augusto  Ribeiro  Alessandra Braga  de Oliveira  Silvia Borges Pimentel  Godoy  Helena Teixeira 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2019,74(1):135-140

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Jabuticaba has a high concentration of phenolic compounds, which have a significant antioxidant capacity. Methodologies have been developed to evaluate the ability...  相似文献   

Oxidative damage mediated by herbicides on yeast cells     

Braconi D  Possenti S  Laschi M  Geminiani M  Lusini P  Bernardini G  Santucci A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(10):3836-3845

Agricultural herbicides are among the most commonly used pesticides worldwide, posing serious concerns for both humans, exposed to these chemicals through many routes, and the environment. To clarify the effects of three herbicides as commercial formulations (namely, Pointer, Silglif, and Proper Energy), parameters related to oxidative issues were investigated on an autochthonous wine yeast strain. It was demonstrated that herbicides were able to affect the enzymatic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, as well as to induce carbonylation and thiol oxidation as post-translational modifications of proteins. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an optimal model system to study responses to xenobiotics and oxidative stress. Thus, the results obtained could further the understanding of mechanisms underlying the toxicity of herbicides.  相似文献   

Microbiological and chemical characterization of a typical Italian cheese: Robiola di Roccaverano     

Bonetta S  Coïsson JD  Barile D  Bonetta S  Travaglia F  Piana G  Carraro E  Arlorio M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(16):7223-7230

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Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil amended with biosolid or vermicompost in the presence of earthworms (Eisenia fetida)     

Silvia M. Contreras-Ramos  Dioselina Álvarez-Bernal  Luc Dendooven 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2008,40(7):1954-1959

Earthworms burrow through the soil thereby accumulating many lipophilic organic pollutants from the surrounding environment, so they could be used to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil. Sterilized and unsterilized soil was contaminated with phenanthrene (Phen), anthracene (Anth) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), with or without added Eisenia fetida and biosolid or vermicompost. Concentrations of PAHs were monitored in soil and earthworms for 70 days. Removal of PAHs increased in soil with earthworms added as 91% of Anth, 16% BaP and 99% Phen was dissipated compared to 42%, 3% and 95% in unamended soil. The microorganisms in the gut of the earthworm contributed to PAHs removal and 100% of Phen, 63% of Anth and 58% of BaP was removed from sterilized soil with E. fetida added. Biosolid and to lesser extent vermicompost accelerated removal of PAHs from soil. Applying earthworms to a contaminated site might be an environmentally friendly way to remove hydrocarbons from soil. However, a limitation might be the cost of the large amounts of earthworms required to remove PAHs from soil and the necessity to supply them with sufficient substrate while maintaining the water content of the soil high enough for their normal functioning.  相似文献   

Multi-level approach for the analysis of water effects in corn flakes     

Farroni AE  Matiacevich SB  Guerrero S  Alzamora S  Del Pilar Buera M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6447-6453

The purpose of this work was to analyze the effect of water on thermal transitions, mechanical properties, and molecular mobility in corn flakes (CF), and their relationships. Commercial common (CCF) and sugar-frosted (SCF) corn flakes were studied in a water content (wc) range from 5 to 20 (% dry basis). The slope of (1)H NMR spin-spin relaxation time T 2* (determined by FID) versus temperature plot changed close to T g. Compression force showed a maximum at wc of ca. 12 and 16% (db) for SCF and CCF, respectively. (1)H NMR complemented DSC data in determining the temperature dependence of water and solid mobility, in order to assess quality of laminated corn products. The results of the present work indicate that while the compression force showed a maximum value as a function of water content, T g values determined by DSC or by spin-spin relaxation decreased progressively with increasing water content.  相似文献   

Tackling fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) outbreak in Africa: an analysis of farmers’ control actions     

Justice A. Tambo  Roger K. Day  Julien Lamontagne-Godwin  Silvia Silvestri  Patrick K. Beseh  Birgitta Oppong-Mensah 《国际虫害防治杂志》2020,66(4):298-310

Abstract

Since its emergence in Africa in 2016, fall armyworm (FAW) has spread rapidly and poses a severe threat to the food security and livelihood of millions of smallholder farmers in the continent. Using survey data from Ghana and Zambia, we examined FAW prevention and control methods implemented by farm households and their impacts on maize output and household consumption of self-produced maize. The main control methods used included pesticide application and handpicking of larvae, while access to information on FAW was a key driver behind the implementation of the control methods. Results from an endogenous switching regression showed that the implementation of a FAW management strategy significantly enhanced maize yield and households’ own maize consumption. When disentangling the impacts of the main control methods, we found that the combination of pesticide application and handpicking of larvae produced the highest yield gain of 125%. We concluded that the current interventions put in place by farmers to tackle FAW infestations are providing positive outcomes, but successful management of the pest will require more actions, including raising awareness to enhance the adoption of control interventions and exploring other control options.  相似文献   

Bovine IgG1 antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis protein p34-cx improve association of bacteria and macrophages     

Mundo SL  Fontanals AM  García M  Durrieu M  Alvarez E  Gentilini ER  Hajos SE 《Veterinary research》2008,39(1):6

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