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121.
M. A. Macedo A. K. Inoue-Nagata T. N. Z. Silva D. M. S. Freitas J. A. M. Rezende J. C. Barbosa M. Michereff-Filho A. R. Nascimento A. L. Lourenção A. Bergamin Filho 《Plant pathology》2019,68(1):72-84
Efficient management of whitefly-borne diseases remains a challenge due to the lack of a comprehensive understanding of their epidemiology, particularly of the diseases tomato golden mosaic and tomato yellowing. Here, by monitoring 16 plots in four commercial fields, the temporal and spatial distribution of these two diseases were studied in tomato fields in Brazil. In the experimental plots these diseases were caused by tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), respectively. The incidence of each virus was similar in the plots within a field but varied greatly among fields. Plants with symptoms for both diseases were randomly distributed in three of four spatial analyses. The curves representing the progress of both diseases were similar and contained small fluctuations, indicating that the spread of both viruses was similar under field conditions. In transmission experiments of ToSRV and ToCV by Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (former biotype B), these viruses had a similar transmission rate in single or mixed infections. It was then shown that primary and secondary spread of ToCV were not efficiently controlled by insecticide applications. Finally, in a typical monomolecular model of disease progress, simulation of the primary dissemination of ToSRV and ToCV showed that infected plants were predominantly randomly distributed. It is concluded that, although the manner of vector transmission differs between ToSRV (persistent) and ToCV (semipersistent), the main dispersal mechanisms are most probably similar for these two diseases: primary spread is the predominant mechanism, and epidemics of these diseases have been caused by several influxes of viruliferous whiteflies. 相似文献
122.
123.
Jorge Dias Rebeca Rueda-Jasso Stephan Panserat Luis E C da Conceição Emidio F Gomes & Maria T Dinis 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(12):1122-1130
A study was undertaken to determine the effect of various dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios on growth performance, whole‐body composition and tissue lipid content in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles. Data on the dietary regulation of key hepatic enzymes of the lipogenic and glycolytic pathways (glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD; malic enzyme, ME; fatty acid synthetase, FAS; pyruvate kinase, PK and glucokinase, GK) were also generated. Four isonitrogenous (crude protein: 52% dry matter (DM)) diets were formulated to contain one of two lipid levels (11% and 21% DM). Within each dietary lipid level, the nature of the carbohydrate fraction (raw or extruded peas) was varied. Triplicate groups of 54 sole (initial body weight: 23.6±1.2 g) were grown in recirculated seawater over 67 days. Fish were fed using automated feeders. At the end of the study, whole‐body, liver, viscera and muscle samples were withdrawn for analyses. During the experimental period, the mean fish weight about doubled in all treatments. No significant differences were found in growth performance (ranging from 1.1% to 1.4% body weight day?1) among dietary treatments. High‐fat diets increased whole‐body fat content. Similarly, daily fat gain ranged from 0.54 to 0.78 g kg?1 day?1 and highest values were found in fish fed high‐lipid diets. Dietary treatments also affected tissue lipid content (liver, viscera and muscle), with highest values in fish fed high‐fat diets. The nature of dietary carbohydrates had little influence on performance criteria, but affected tissue lipid deposition. The activities of G6PD, ME and FAS were depressed by elevated levels of dietary lipid, confirming the inhibitory effect of dietary fats on lipid biosynthesis. At both dietary lipid levels, ME and FAS activities were little affected by dietary carbohydrate. Activities of PK and GK were not affected by the starch level of the diets. In Senegalese sole juveniles, the lipogenic pathway is more susceptible to modulation by dietary means (particularly through lipid intake) than the glycolytic pathway. 相似文献
124.
Paola Marticorena Leonel Gonzalez Carlos Riquelme Fernando Silva Aciares 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(9):3609-3622
The present study evaluated the effects of five bacterial isolates from the microalga Muriellopsis sp. on the microalgal biomass concentration (g/L), specific growth rate (K), photosynthetic quantum yield (QY), non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ), maximum relative electron transport rates (rETR max) and levels of nutritional components such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and carotenoids in Muriellopsis sp. cultivated in seawater under indoor and outdoor conditions. The bacterial strains were Microbacterium sp. Dom 1; Pseudomonas sp. Dom2; Microbacterium sp. Dom 3; Rhizobium sp. Dom 4; and Dietzia sp. Dom 5, as well as the Pseudoalteromonas sp. (SLP1), a bacterium known to promote the growth of microalgae. At the laboratory level, inoculation of the strains SLP1, Dom 1, Dom 3 and Dom 5 resulted in higher specific growth rates and biomass of the microalga. Subsequently, the best results were obtained with a combination of the selected bacterial strains (Dom1, Dom 3, Dom5 and SLP1) under outdoor culture conditions improved the biomass, proteins, carbohydrates and total carotenoids in 22.12%, 48.28%, 19,25% and 48.27%, respectively, compared to cultures without the incorporation of the selected bacteria (control), while no effects were observed on the photosynthetic parameters. Thus, it was demonstrated that positive associations of the selected bacterial strains played an important role in the production of Muriellopsis sp. acclimatized to grow in seawater. This is of crucial importance, especially in desert areas, where solar radiation is high and freshwater is a limited resource. 相似文献
125.
Maria Rowena R. Romana-Eguia Minoru Ikeda Zubaida U. Basiao Nobuhiko Taniguchi 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(6):1205-1221
Growth of several genetically improved Nile tilapia (GIFT or Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia, FaST or Freshwater Aquaculture
Center Selected Tilapia, SEAFDEC-selected) and domesticated red tilapia (BFS or Binangonan Freshwater Station, NIFI-red or
National Inland Fisheries Institute red, HL or Hacienda Luisita) stocks were compared in controlled (tank) and uncontrolled
farm conditions (lake-based cages) with unselected NIFI or Chitralada Nile tilapia as control. Specific growth rate differed
significantly (P = 0.009) in tank-reared Nile tilapia stocks where GIFT grew best at 1.358%/day followed by FaST (1.307%/day), control stock
NIFI (1.257%/day) and SEAFDEC-selected (1.202%/day). Genetic effect explained 84.4% of the variance in growth of Nile tilapia
in tanks. Although Nile tilapia growth in cages followed the same trend where GIFT grew best at 1.570%/day, no significant
stock differences (P = 0.479) were noted. Meanwhile, red tilapia reared in either tanks or cages showed no significant stock differences in terms
of growth. However, survival of the red tilapia stocks in cages differed significantly with HL having the highest percentage
survival at 93.3%. The different growth responses of the Nile tilapia stocks especially under controlled (tank) farm conditions
were largely due to genetic factors (stock differences).Under uncontrolled farm conditions, environmental factors were generally
observed to have also affected the survival and to some extent, the growth of Asian Nile and red tilapia stocks. 相似文献
126.
127.
Sidney F. Bandeira Roberto S.G. Silva Jaqueline M. Moura 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2017,26(4):447-456
The Whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri), due to its abundance, is considered one of the most traditional and important species fished in the coastal waters and estuaries of South America. The aim of this work was to produce biopolymeric films of gelatins obtained from skin and bones of Whitemouth croaker. The fish gelatins were characterized through the yield, chemical composition, physiochemical, and rheological properties. The films were characterized by tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB), water vapor permeability (WVP), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and optical properties. The values of protein yield, hydroxyproline content, gel strength, melting temperature, gelling temperature, and viscosity of the skin gelatin were higher than the values of the bone gelatin. The films obtained of skin gelatin showed all properties and thermal analysis superior in relation to the films of bone gelatin; this can be justified by the best physicochemical and rheological characteristics of the skin gelatin. 相似文献
128.
Herwig Waidbacher David M Liti Maria Fungomeli Raphael K Mbaluka Jonathan M Munguti & Michael Straif 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(6):594-600
The effects of pond fertilization and feeding rate on growth, economic returns and water quality were investigated to develop a low‐cost cage‐cum‐pond integrated system for production of Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Hand‐sexed male fingerlings averaging 19±0.39 and 32±0.69 g were stocked in cages and open ponds at 150 fish cage?1 and 2 fish m?2 respectively. Fish were cultured for 114 days in five triplicate treatments. Cages were installed into ponds and caged fish were fed a 24% protein diet at 3% (T1) and 6% (T2) body weight day?1 (BWD) without pond fertilization, and 6% BWD with pond fertilization (T3). The open water in the fourth treatment (T4) was not stocked but contained caged fish, which were fed 6% BWD for the first 57 days followed by 3% BWD for the remaining period. Ponds in the control (T5) had no cages and were neither fertilized nor open‐pond fish fed. Feeding rate and pond fertilization significantly (P<0.05) affected fish growth, profitability and water quality among treatments. Fish growth, feed utilization, fish yield, water quality and profits were significantly (P<0.05) better in T3 than the other treatments. It was concluded that fish production and economic returns were optimized at 6% BWD in fertilized ponds. 相似文献
129.
Fagner Machado Ribeiro Mrio Lima Pedro Aurlio Tataíra da Costa Diego Machado Pereira Thony Assis Carvalho Tadeu Vilela de Souza Hortência Aparecida Botelho Fabyano Fonseca e Silva Adriano Carvalho Costa 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(7):2004-2011
The objective of this work was to evaluate the association between morphometric variables and carcass characteristics in Pirapitinga. We used a thousand specimens of Pirapitinga with an average weight of 1,200 g, which were stunned, slaughtered, weighed, measured, and processed for morphometric and processing yield analysis, to obtain weights, carcass and fillet yields. Initially, the linearity of the variables was verified. Pearson's simple and partial correlation tests were performed between all metrics. Track analysis was performed considering the weights and yields of carcass and filet as dependent variables and the others as independent variables. Ridge regression models were used to eliminate the effects of multicollinearity among the independent variables. Observations showed that the simple correlations between body weights and yields were superior to the partial ones in terms of magnitude. The length and circumference of the specimens were the measures most linearly associated with weight, carcass weight and fillet with rib weight. As for carcass yield and fillet yield, linear correlation coefficients were low and not significant when associated with body weights. With the path analysis, we could observe significant positive correlations between the morphometric measurements for weight, carcass weight and fillet with rib weight. The standard length, body circumference and body circumference/body height ratio are the most correlated. The latter are the most important variables in the evaluation of body weights in Pirapitinga fish. They can serve as criteria for indirect selection in searching for fish with better carcass characteristics. As for fillet and carcass yields, the morphometric variables have not shown to be efficient for indirect selection. 相似文献
130.
Giovanni M Turchini Rasanthi M Gunasekera & Sena S De Silva 《Aquaculture Research》2003,34(9):697-708
The efficacy of trout oil (TO), extracted from trout offal from the aquaculture industry, was evaluated in juvenile Murray cod Maccullochella peelii peelii (25.4±0.81 g) diets in an experiment conducted over 60 days at 23.7±0.8 °C. Five isonitrogenous (48% protein), isolipidic (16%) and isoenergetic (21.8 kJ g?1) diets, in which the fish oil fraction was replaced in increments of 25% (0–100%), were used. The best growth and feed efficiency was observed in fish fed diets containing 50–75% TO. The relationship of specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) to the amount of TO in the diets was described in each case by second‐order polynomial equations (P<0.05), which were: SGR=–0.44TO2+0.52TO+1.23 (r2=0.90, P<0.05); FCR=0.53TO2–0.64TO+1.21 (r2=0.95, P<0.05); and PER=–0.73TO2+0.90TO+1.54 (r2=0.90, P<0.05). Significant differences in carcass and muscle proximate compositions were noted among the different dietary treatments. Less lipid was found in muscle than in carcass. The fatty acids found in highest amounts in Murray cod, irrespective of the dietary treatment, were palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1n‐9), linoleic acid (18:2n‐6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3). The fatty acid composition of the muscle reflected that of the diets. Both the n‐6 fatty acid content and the n‐3 to n‐6 ratio were significantly (P<0.05) related to growth parameters, the relationships being as follows. Percentage of n‐6 in diet (X) to SGR and FCR: SGR=–0.12X2+3.96X–32.51 (r2=0.96) and FCR=0.13X2–4.47X+39.39 (r2=0.98); and n‐3:n‐6 ratio (Z) to SGR, FCR, PER: SGR=–2.02Z2+5.01Z–1.74 (r2=0.88), FCR=2.31Z2–5.70Z+4.54 (r2=0.93) and PER=–3.12Z2–7.56Z+2.80 (r2=0.88) respectively. It is evident from this study that TO could be used effectively in Murray cod diets, and that an n‐3:n‐6 ratio of 1.2 results in the best growth performance in Murray cod. 相似文献