Routes and prevalence of shedding of psittacine beak and feather disease virus.     

B W Ritchie  F D Niagro  K S Latimer  W L Steffens  D Pesti  J Ancona  P D Lukert 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(11):1804-1809

Psittacine beak and feather disease (PBFD) virus was recovered from the feces and crop washings from various species of psittacine birds diagnosed with PBFD. High concentrations of the virus also could be demonstrated in feather dust collection from a room where 22 birds with active cases of PBFD were being housed. The virions recovered from the feces, crop, and feather dust were confirmed to be PBFD virus by ultrastructural, physical, or antigenic characteristics. Virus recovered from the feather dust and feces hemagglutinated cockatoo erythrocytes. The specificity of the agglutination was confirmed by hemagglutination inhibition, using rabbit antibodies against PBFD virus. During the test period, 26% (8 of 31) of the birds screened were found to be excreting PBFD virus in their feces, and 21% (3 of 14) of crop washings were positive for PBFD virus. Some birds in the sample group had active cases of diarrhea, whereas others had normal-appearing feces. Diarrhea was found to be the only significant indicator of whether a bird was likely to be excreting virus from the digestive tract. These findings suggest that exposure of susceptible birds to PBFD virus may occur from contact with contaminated feather dust, feces, or crop secretions. Viral particles that were morphologically similar to parvovirus (20- to 24 nm-icosahedral nonenveloped virions) also were recovered from feces of some of the birds.  相似文献   

Diagnoses of infections by the so-called chick anemia agent: anemia and direct transmission electron microscopic detection of virus.     

M A Goodwin  W L Steffens  J F Davis  J Brown  K S Latimer  T G Dickson 《Avian diseases》1991,35(4):869-871

Blood from 48 chicks was examined for anemia (packed cell volume), and plasma was examined for virus particles by direct transmission electron microscopy (DTEM). There was agreement between the occurrence of anemia and the presence of CAA virus particles in plasma from anemic chicks (Kappa = 0.2425, Z = 2.096, P = 0.036). Although DTEM is a method that can be used to diagnose CAA in chicks, more sensitive, economical and less laborious diagnostic assays are needed.  相似文献   

Serum and Tissue Steroid Hormone Levels in Canine Mammary Tumours: Clinical and Prognostic Implications          下载免费PDF全文

FL Queiroga  D Pérez‐Alenza  A González‐Gil  G Silván  L Peña  JC Illera 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(5):858-865

Hormonal dependency of canine mammary tumours (CMT) has been studied over the last few decades. However, studies assessing the prognostic and predictive potential of serum and/or tissue steroid hormone levels are still scarce in CMT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report relating serum and tissue levels of steroid hormones and prognosis in dogs. Serum and tumour tissue from 45 female dogs with spontaneous CMT were included in the study. Moreover, serum and normal mammary tissue from 13 healthy female dogs were also included as controls. Steroid hormones were determined by competitive enzyme immunoassay. Overall, levels of steroid hormones in serum and tissue homogenates were significantly different between malignant and benign mammary tumours (p < 0.01), except for progesterone (P4) serum levels that revealed no statistical differences between groups. In malignant tumours, oestrone sulphate (SO4E1), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (A4), testosterone (T) and P4 elevated tissue concentrations were significantly associated with tumour relapse and/or distant metastasis during follow‐up. A significant association was found between elevated tissue SO4E1 (p = 0.003), 17β‐oestradiol (E2) (p = 0.036), DHEA (p = 0.022), A4 (p = 0.001) and P4 (p = 0.013) concentrations and shorter disease‐free survival and overall survival in female dogs with malignant mammary tumours. The high levels of tissue steroids found in cases of poor prognosis open the possibility of additional new therapeutic approaches. Future clinical trials will be needed to clarify the usefulness of targeting steroid hormones in the treatment of this neoplastic disease.  相似文献   

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy characterises the functional chemistry of soil organic carbon in agricultural soils     

Johanna Wetterlind  Raphael A. Viscarra Rossel  Markus Steffens 《European Journal of Soil Science》2022,73(4):e13263

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Meningoencephalomyelitis in a foal due to Salmonella agona infection     

JC Patterson-Kane  FT Bain  JM Donahue  LR Harrison 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(4):159-161

CASE HISTORY: A neonatal Thoroughbred foal was presented with rib fractures and left forelimb lameness secondary to dystocia.

CLINICAL FINDINGS: The foal developed a head tilt, seizures and watery diarrhoea during hospitalisation and died at 7 days of age. Histological examination of the brain and spinal cord revealed a suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis with vasculitis, and numerous intralesional, gram-negative bacilli. Similar microscopic lesions were noted in the lungs, renal medullary interstitium, and umbilicus. Bacilli in the brain, spinal cord and umbilicus were identified immunohistochemically as Salmonella group B. Salmonella agona was isolated in pure culture from the brain, lung, liver, kidney, and intestine.

CONCLUSION: This is the first report of meningoencephalomyelitis and septicaemia due to Salmonella infection in an equine neonate.  相似文献   

Relationships Between Fertility and Some Parameters in Male Broiler Breeders (Body and Testicular Weight,Histology and Immunohistochemistry of Testes,Spermatogenesis and Hormonal Levels)     

J Sarabia Fragoso  M Pizarro Díaz  JC Abad Moreno  P Casanovas Infesta  A Rodriguez‐Bertos  K Barger 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(2):345-352

In a farm of grandparent broiler breeder chickens, we followed the development of 350 roosters from 6 to 55 weeks of age. Data collected and evaluated from these males included body weight, testicular weight, histologic and immunohistochemistry studies of the testes, hormone levels (testosterone, estradiol and corticosterone) and sperm production. The objective was to understand the factors that affect or influence hatch loss that is commonly observed after 45 weeks of age in breeder flocksare often correlated to broiler breeder male chickens. The results of this study showed that in conjunction with the weight of the rooster, the testicle weight increases quickly after the rooster receives light stimulation. At an older age, the study showed that there is a process of testicular shrinkage, and the same effect is seen in sperm production and testosterone levels in broiler breeder roosters. From the histology evaluation, we defined 5 histologic phases that illustrate the evolution of the testicular tissue: perinatal, infantile, puberty, adult and senile. We observed that the adult males with a body weight <3800 g were infertile or had subfertile levels and also had low levels of testosterone and high levels of corticosterone. In contrast, the heaviest males showed correct testicular vitality, high levels of testosterone and low levels of corticosterone. However, the roosters that had acquired this high body weight were also at risk of having less complete copulations because of their physical mass. The loss of uniformity of the males and the appearance of hierarchies within the flock accompany a decline in the percentages of hatches as a consequence of the poor confirmation of the males for copulation or the restriction to the access to the females. Results of this study show that the decrease in fertility from 45 weeks of age has been associated with a decline in testicular weight, sperm production and the testosterone levels in animals with a sub‐par weight. Likewise, decreasing hatch in older flocks may also result from a loss of conformation, and the lack of complete copulations is possible because of animals that are grossly overweight.  相似文献   

Some histological lesions seen in macroscopically normal mesenteric lymph nodes of deer     

RG Clark  JC Glossop  PR Wilson  C Heuer 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1)

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Cellular and extracellular vesicular origins of miRNAs within the bovine ovarian follicle          下载免费PDF全文

GM Andrade  FV Meirelles  JC da Silveira 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(6):1036-1045

The ovarian follicle components must provide an ideal environment to ensure the success of reproductive processes, and communication between follicular cells is crucial to support proper oocyte growth. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying microRNAs (miRNAs) in follicular fluid represents an important autocrine and paracrine communication mechanism inside the ovarian follicle. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the miRNA content of EVs isolated from ovarian follicular (granulosa and cumulus–oocyte complexes) cell‐conditioned culture media is dependent upon cell type. We initially screened bovine granulosa cells (GCs) and cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs), as well as their derived EVs for 348 miRNAs using real‐time PCR, and detected 326 miRNAs in GCs and COCs cells and 62 miRNAs in GCs and COCs EVs. A bioinformatics analysis of the identified cell‐specific and differentially expressed miRNAs predicted that they likely modulate important cellular processes, including signalling pathways such as the PI3K‐Akt, MAPK and Wnt pathways. By investigating the origins of miRNAs within the follicular fluid, the results of this study provide novel insights into follicular miRNA content and intercellular communication that may be of invaluable use in the context of reproductive technologies, diagnostic of ovarian‐related diseases and/or the identification of biomarkers for oocyte and embryo quality.  相似文献   

Effect of hCG on Early Luteal Serum Progesterone Concentrations in PG600‐Treated Gilts     

R Manjarin  JC Dominguez  MJ Castro  B Alegre  MA Driancourt  RN Kirkwood 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2010,45(3):555-557

Gilt oestrus and ovulation responses to injection of a combination of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (PG600) can be unpredictable, possibly reflecting inadequate circulating LH activity. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of PG600 followed by supplemental hCG on gilt ovarian responses. In experiment 1, 212 Hypor gilts (160 day of age) housed on two farms in Spain received intramuscular (i.m.) injections of PG600 (n = 47), or PG600 with an additional 200 IU hCG injected either concurrently (hCG‐0; n = 39), or at 24 h (hCG‐24; n = 41) or 48 h (hCG‐48; n = 45) after PG600. A further 40 gilts served as non‐injected controls. Ovulation responses were determined on the basis of initial blood progesterone concentrations being <1 ng/ml and achieving >5 ng / ml 10 d after the PG600 injection. The incidence of ovulating gilts having progesterone concentrations >30 ng/ml were recorded. During the study period, 10% of control gilts ovulated whereas 85–100% of hormone‐treated gilts ovulated. There were no significant differences among hormone groups for proportions of gilts ovulating. The proportions of gilts having circulating progesterone concentrations >30 ng/ml were increased (p ≤ 0.02) in all hCG treated groups compared with the PG600 group. In experiment 2, a total of 76 Hypor gilts at either 150 or 200 days of age were injected with PG600 (n = 18), 400 IU eCG followed by 200 IU hCG 24 h later (n = 20), PG600 followed by 100 IU hCG 24 h later (n = 17), or 400 IU eCG followed by 300 IU hCG 24 h later (n = 21). Blood samples were obtained 10 days later for progesterone assay. There were no effects of treatment or age on incidence of ovulation, but fewer 150‐day‐old gilts treated with PG600 or 400 IU eCG followed by 200 IU hCG had progesterone concentrations >30 ng / ml. We conclude that hCG treatment subsequent to PG600 treatment will generate a higher circulating progesterone concentration, although the effect is not evident in older, presumably peripubertal, gilts. The mechanism involved and implications for fertility remain to be determined.  相似文献   

Is salt stress of faba bean (Vicia faba) caused by Na+ or Cl– toxicity?     

Cristina Slabu  Christian Zörb  Diedrich Steffens  Sven Schubert 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2009,172(5):644-651

The effect of sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), and potassium chloride (KCl) on growth and ion concentrations of faba bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Troy) was studied. After 14 or 15 d of isoosmotic treatment with 100 mM NaCl or 75 mM Na₂SO₄, respectively, plants developed toxicity symptoms. These symptoms were characterized by local and nonchlorotic wilting spots, which later turned to black, necrotic spots. In contrast to NaCl or Na₂SO₄ treatment, plants treated with 100 mM KCl did not show these symptoms. The symptoms occurred on those leaves that accumulated highest concentrations of Na⁺ and showed highest Na⁺ : K⁺ ratios. Our results indicate that Na⁺ toxicity inducing K⁺ deficiency is responsible for the spot necrosis of faba bean. Additionally, chlorotic symptoms occurred. The concentrations of Na⁺ and Cl^– were determined in chlorotic leaves and in isolated chloroplasts. The reduction of chlorophyll in leaves after NaCl exposure may be explained in terms of high Cl^– concentrations in the chloroplasts and appears to depend on high Na⁺ concentrations. Chlorotic toxicity symptoms can be avoided by additional Mg²⁺ application.  相似文献