Progress and prospects of community forestry in developing and developed countries     

Steve Harrison  Jungho Suh 《Small-Scale Forestry》2004,3(3):287-302

Community forestry is practiced in various countries throughout the world, with respect to both native forests and plantations, for livelihood and forest protection purposes and also for urban amenity values. While forests have been managed to some extent by communities for thousands of years, modern models of community forestry have been practiced widely for only about 30 years. Community forestry takes many forms; there is no unique definition or categorisation, although a number of characteristics are frequently present. There is in general, involvement of a local community in forest planning as well as management, for a form of forestry which is usually relatively small-scale, motivated by multiple objectives, and receiving some financial support and organisational assistance by government and non-government organisations. Where plantations are established, these may be managed as common property, individual property rights may apply, or there may be a combination of both. Analysis of the specific research studies included in this issue reveals that community forestry systems have been refined over time as experience is gained in program designs, and notable successes have been achieved. However, ‘the jury is still out’ on whether community forestry has lived up to the optimistic expectations of its proponents.  相似文献   

Variation in effective number of clones in seed orchards     

Kang  K.S.  Harju  A.M.  Lindgren  D.  Nikkanen  T.  Almqvist  C.  Suh  G.U. 《New Forests》2001,21(1):17-33

The effective number of clones (N _c) wasestimated for 255 conifer clonal seed orchards in Finland, Korea, andSweden, based on the variation in the number of ramets among clones. Themean census number of clones (N) varied from 70, in 13 KoreanPinus koraiensis seed orchards, to 139 in 176 Finnish Pinussylvestris seed orchards. The mean effective number of clones(N _c) was 66, with a range from 10 to 421. One fifthof the orchards had N _c between 10 and 40, and twothirds between 41 and 160. On average, the relative effective number ofclones (N _r =N _c/N) was 0.74, with a range from 0.2to almost 1.0. Thus, the census number of clones in a seed orchard isgenerally rather informative, but the effective number of clones is moreinformative. Many of these first-generation seed orchards wereestablished with an intention to have near-equal numbers of ramets foreach clone. The use of effective number of clones may be more importantin future seed orchards and genetically thinned seed orchards.  相似文献   

Helicobacter apodemus sp. nov., a new Helicobacter species identified from the gastrointestinal tract of striped field mice in Korea     

Woo Jin Jeon  Hee-Jin Dong  Jae Hoon Shin  Il Yong Kim  Hungwui Ho  Seung Hyun Oh  Young Min Yoon  Yang-Kyu Choi  Jun Gyo Suh  Ki-Hoan Nam  Hyoung-Chin Kim  Seongbeom Cho  Je Kyung Seong 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2015,16(4):475-481

A novel Helicobacter species was identified from the gastrointestinal tract of the Korean striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius). Biochemical testing, ultrastructure characterization, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that this bacterium represents a distinct taxon. The bacterium was positive for urease activity, susceptible to cephalothin and nalidixic acid, and weakly positive for oxidase and catalase activity. Electron microscopy revealed that the bacterium has spirally curved rod morphology with singular bipolar nonsheathed flagella. Genotypically, the isolated bacterial strains (YMRC 000215, YMRC 000216, and YMRC 000419) were most closely related to a reference strain of Helicobacter mesocricetorum (97.25%, 97.32%, and 97.03% 16S rRNA sequence similarities, respectively). The 16S rRNA sequences of these strains were deposited into GenBank under accession numbers {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AF284754","term_id":"18389594","term_text":"AF284754"}}AF284754, {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AY009129","term_id":"18409527","term_text":"AY009129"}}AY009129, and {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"AY009130","term_id":"18409528","term_text":"AY009130"}}AY009130, respectively. We propose the name Helicobacter apodemus for this novel species.  相似文献   

The effects of administering estradiol benzoate plus progesterone during the growth or static phases of the dominant follicle in CIDR-treated lactating dairy cows     

Kim UH  Suh GH  Hur TY  Kang SJ  Kang HG  Park SB  Kim HS  Kim IH 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(3):591-596

We studied the effects of administering estradiol benzoate (EB) plus progesterone (P4) as part of a CIDR-based protocol during the growth or static phases of dominant follicle development on follicular wave emergence, follicular growth, synchrony of ovulation and pregnancy rate following CIDR withdrawal, treatment with PGF(2alpha) and GnRH, and fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI). Forty-one previously synchronized lactating Holstein dairy cows were randomly allocated to three treatment groups. The control group (n=14) received a CIDR on the third day after ovulation only (Day 0). The two treatment groups were administered CIDRs comprising 2 mg EB and 50 mg P4 either on the third (T1, n=14) or eighth day (T2, n=13) after ovulation (Day 0). All cows received PGF(2alpha) after CIDR removal on Day 7, GnRH on Day 9, and TAI 16 h after GnRH treatment. The proportion of cows with follicular wave emergence within 8 days of treatment differed (P<0.01) among the control (14.3%), T1 (85.7%), and T2 groups (92.9%). However, the mean intervals between treatment and wave emergence were not significantly different. There were significant differences in the diameters of the dominant follicles on Day 7 (P<0.01) and in preovulatory follicles on Day 9 (P<0.01), with the largest follicles observed in the control group and the smallest follicles observed in the T2 group. In contrast, the numbers of cows showing synchronous ovulation after GnRH treatment (92.9 to 100.0%) and pregnancy following TAI (46.2 to 50.0%) were similar between the treatment groups. The results showed that, irrespective of the phase (growth or static) of the dominant follicle, administration of 2 mg EB plus 50 mg P4 to CIDR-treated lactating dairy cows induced consistent follicular wave emergence and development, synchronous ovulation after GnRH administration, and similar pregnancy rates following TAI.  相似文献   

Interband electronic excitation-assisted atomic-scale restructuring of metal surfaces by nanosecond pulsed laser light     

HJ Ernst  F Charra  L Douillard 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5351):679-681

Interaction of high-power laser light with materials often causes irreversible damage of the near-surface region. It is shown that copper single-crystal surfaces can be patterned by laser light. Irradiation with green light produced adatoms and vacancies, which self-organized into nanoscale pyramids. This restructuring can be removed by annealing. In contrast to green light, infrared laser irradiation at equivalent absorbed energy density did not produce any structural change. This, for metallic systems, unforeseen spectral difference in laser light action points to a concerted process as the source for structural modification, which involves long-lived primary excitation of localized d-electrons through interband transition together with phonon excitation.  相似文献   

Notes on psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) intercepted on imported cut flowers and branches in South Korea 2014–2018     

S.-J. Suh  Y.-M. Park 《EPPO Bulletin》2020,50(2):284-287

A total of 10 species of psyllids from 8 different countries were intercepted by plant health inspectors in South Korea on consignments of fresh cut flowers (and branches for use in flower arrangements) at the ports of entry in South Korea from 2014 to 2018. Of the 10 species that were intercepted, some species are potential pests that could enter and establish in Korea through the import of these flowers and branches. Current information on intercepted psyllids is required to alert plant health inspectors to look carefully at cut flowers to prevent the introduction of non-indigenous species.  相似文献   

Triazole fungicides and the selection of resistance to medical triazoles in the opportunistic mould Aspergillus fumigatus     

Paul E Verweij  Gert HJ Kema  Bas Zwaan  Willem JG Melchers 《Pest management science》2013,69(2):165-170

Azole resistance is an emerging problem in the opportunistic mould Aspergillus fumigatus. The triazoles are the most important agents for the management of Aspergillus diseases in humans. Selection for acquired resistance may occur in the hospital setting through exposure to high doses of azoles during azole therapy, but evidence is accumulating that A. fumigatus may become resistant to medical triazoles through environmental exposure to fungicides. The recovery of A. fumigatus isolates resistant to the medical triazoles from azole‐naive patients as well as from the environment strongly indicates an environmental route of resistance selection. Molecule alignment studies have identified five fungicides that share a very similar molecule structure with the medical triazoles, and thus may have selected for mechanisms that confer resistance to both groups of compounds. It is important to explore further the presumed fungicide‐driven route of resistance selection in order to implement effective preventive measures as the prevalence of azole resistance in A. fumigatus continues to increase and causes major challenges in the management of azole‐resistant Aspergillus diseases. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Calcium Restores Prepenetration Morphogenesis Abolished by Methylglyoxal-Bis-Guanyl Hydrazone in Cochliobolus miyabeanus Infecting Rice     

Ahn IP  Suh SC 《Phytopathology》2007,97(3):331-337

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Visitors�� Attitudes Towards and Willingness-to-Pay for Hypothetical Hoop Pine Plantations on the Pastoral Southern Atherton Tablelands, Australia     

Jungho Suh  Robert Lwanga  Steve Harrison  John Herbohn 《Small-Scale Forestry》2011,10(3):319-338

The southern Atherton Tablelands comprises diverse green spaces??meadows, croplands, woodlots and rainforest??which are integrated into a large-scale tablelands landscape. This paper examines visitors?? perceptions of the landscape of the southern Atherton Tablelands as a form of public good and their reaction to a hypothetical alteration to the landscape of the tablelands region by establishing small-scale hoop pine plantations on degraded lands. A survey conducted in 2005 indicated that the hoop pine plantations would not reduce the public enjoyment of the tablelands landscape. From the pairwise comparisons of vegetation types, it was found that the sample of tourists statistically equally preferred the ??grazing land?? and the ??hoop pine plantation??. In contrast, the local residents were found to prefer the ??grazing land?? to the ??hoop pine plantation??, at the 5% significance level. From a double-bounded contingent valuation study, it was found that the tourists were willing to pay A$13.82 per room per visit on average to support the establishment of hoop pine plantations on the southern Atherton Tablelands whereas local residents were willing to pay A$7.86 per year for the next 5?years for the same project.  相似文献   

Characterization of Transgenic Pigs That Express Human Decay Accelerating Factor and Cell Membrane‐tethered Human Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor     

HJ Lee  BC Lee  YH Kim  NW Paik  HM Rho 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(2):325-332

The expression of human complement regulatory proteins (hCRP; hDAF, hCD59, and hMCP) in pig tissues has been suggested as one of strategies to overcome the hyperacute rejection (HAR) in pig‐to‐human transplantation. Expression of human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (hTFPI) in porcine endothelial cells has been suggested as a remedy to overcome microvascular thrombosis. To investigate the effects of these combined transgenes, we established transformed pig cells expressing human decay accelerating factor (hDAF) under the control of enhancer promoter (5′LTR‐PCMVIE), and the fusion protein (hTFPI/hCD4) consisting of the functional domains (K1 and K2) of hTFPI and membrane‐tethering domains (D3 and D4) of hCD4 under the control of PCMVIE. Transgenic pigs were generated with the transformed porcine cells through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology. Analysis of quantitative PCR and real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR showed that four copies of hDAF were integrated and 391 copies of hDAF mRNA expressed in the cells of the transgenic pig. The enhancing activity of 5′LTR was approximately 2 fold compared to CMVIE promoter only. The cell viability test showed that more than 80% of ear cells were viable in the presence of 50% human serum. The chromogenic substrate assay and immunocytochemical staining with tail cells showed that the TFPI activity of fusion protein was observed on the cell membrane. The membrane localization of hDAF and hTFPI proteins was observed by immunocytochemical staining, and the expression of transgenes in heart and liver tissues was also confirmed by immunohistochemistry.  相似文献