2001 Report of the American Association of Feline Practitioners and Academy of Feline Medicine Advisory Panel on feline retrovirus testing and management     

Levy J  Richards J  Edwards D  Elston T  Hartmann K  Rodan I  Thayer V  Tompkins M  Wolf A;American Association of Feline Practitioners;Academy of Feline Medicine Advisory Panel 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2003,5(1):3-10

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gamma-Radiation influences browning, antioxidant activity, and malondialdehyde level of apple juice     

Fan X  Thayer DW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(4):710-715

Apple juice was gamma-irradiated at 5 degrees C at doses ranging from 0 to 8.9 kGy and then stored at 5 degrees C for 15 days. Ionizing radiation reduced the browning of apple juice and increased antioxidant activity measured by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The magnitude of changes increased with radiation dose. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) measured using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substrates assay increased at radiation doses above 2.67 kGy. The browning of irradiated juices increased during storage at 5 degrees C, but the irradiated juices were still lighter than controls at the end of storage. Differences in FRAP values disappeared during early periods of storage while higher MDA levels were observed in irradiated samples during most of the storage period. Elimination of suspended matter from apple juice did not alter irradiation-induced changes in browning, FRAP, or MDA formation. As compared to irradiation conducted at 5 and 20 degrees C, treatment at -15 degrees C was less effective in reducing browning and in increasing MDA formation but elevated FRAP values. The exclusion of oxygen from juices did not affect the reduction in browning due to irradiation but promoted the increase in FRAP values and decreased the irradiation-induced MDA formation.  相似文献   

Toxicological studies in tropical ecosystems: an ecotoxicological risk assessment of pesticide runoff in South Florida estuarine ecosystems     

Scott GI  Fulton MH  Wirth EF  Chandler GT  Key PB  Daugomah JW  Bearden D  Chung KW  Strozier ED  DeLorenzo M  Sivertsen S  Dias A  Sanders M  Macauley JM  Goodman LR  LaCroix MW  Thayer GW  Kucklick J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(15):4400-4408

A multiyear study in the C-111 canal system and associated sites in Florida Bay was undertaken to determine the potential pesticide risk that exists in South Florida. After the examination of extensive pesticide concentration data in surface water, tissues, and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs), canal contamination seems to be derived from the extensive agricultural production that drains into the C-111 canal. The results of this study indicate that runoff from agricultural processes led to quantifiable pesticide residues in both canal and bay surface water, which occasionally exceeded current water quality criteria. The major pesticide of concern was endosulfan, which was detected at 100% of the sites sampled. Endosulfan exposure did not cause any acute effects in fish and crustaceans deployed in field bioassays. Chronic effects were observed in copepods, clams, and oysters but could not be attributed to endosulfan exposure. The decision to alter the C-111 canal flow and allow increased freshwater flow into the adjacent Everglades National Park may result in discharges of pesticides into the Everglades. Continued monitoring in this area is needed during this change in flow regime.  相似文献   

Exotic Pest Information Collection and Analysis (EPICA) – gathering information on exotic pests from the World Wide Web*     

M. Bateman  C. Brammer  C. Thayer  H. Meissner  W. Bailey 《EPPO Bulletin》2007,37(2):404-406

This paper describes the Exotic Pest Information Collection and Analysis (EPICA) project, a cooperative effort of the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) and the National Science Foundation's Center for Integrated Pest Management (CIPM). The EPICA team identifies, archives, evaluates, and communicates relevant information about exotic plant pests from around the world that potentially threaten US agriculture and the environment. The goal of the EPICA project is to provide key groups within USDA's Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) with regular updates of vital pest information to enable a proactive safeguarding approach.  相似文献   

THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF PASTEUR TO MEDICINE AND HUMANITY     

Thayer WS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1923,58(1511):475-483

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THOUGHTS ON THE TEACHING AND PRACTICE OF MEDICINE     

Thayer WS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1925,61(1579):349-353

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A study of breeder vaccination programs and problems in the broiler progeny in Saskatchewan utilizing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay     

K S Little  S G Thayer  O J Fletcher  C Riddell 《Avian diseases》1988,32(1):114-120

A survey of antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and reovirus (RV) was conducted in broiler-breeder flocks and selected progeny broiler flocks utilizing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Marked differences in antibody titers between different breeder flocks were related to differences in vaccination programs. Poor performance in some progeny broiler flocks was related to low antibody titers against IBDV in the source breeder flocks. Progeny broiler flocks in which there was a high incidence of condemnations for airsacculitis had elevated antibody titers against IBV. A few progeny broiler flocks that experienced high mortality due to gangrenous dermatitis had no antibody titers against IBDV at processing. Antibody titers against RV were very variable and could not be related to any production problems.  相似文献   

Maturation of insulin and glucose responses to normal feeding in foals     

GB SMYTH †  DW YOUNG‡  SH DURAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(4):129-132

SUMMARY Postprandial insulin and glucose concentrations were measured in 3 Arabian and 3 Thoroughbred foals at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months of age. Prefeeding serum Insulin concentrations were similar in foals at 1 day (25.9 ± 5.1 pmol/L), 1 week (32.4 ± 5.8 pmol/L), and 1 month (38.2 + 7.9 pmol/L), but had Increased significantly to 131.0 ± 20.2 pmol/L at 3 months of age (P < 0.05). There was significantly increased serum Insulin secretion after a feed In foals at 3 months of age (P < 0.05) when compared with that at younger ages. Prefeeding serum glucose concentrations ranged from 6.0 ± 0.7 mmol/L at 1 day, to 5.9 ± 0.9 mmol/L at 1 week, 4.9 ± 1.7 mmol/L at 1 month, and 4.4 ± 1.5 mmol/L at 3 months of age. There were lower postprandial glucose concentrations with advancing age. It appeared that there was a period of maturation in pancreatic β-cell function after birth in foals, which reached adult levels by 3 months of age.  相似文献   

Effects of Eimeria brunetti infection and dietary zinc on experimental induction of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E Baba  A L Fuller  J M Gilbert  S G Thayer  L R McDougald 《Avian diseases》1992,36(1):59-62

Broilers infected with Eimeria brunetti and given dietary zinc were examined for experimental induction of necrotic enteritis. Inoculation with sporulated E. brunetti oocysts at 7 days of age was followed by 5 consecutive days of oral inoculation with cultured Clostridium perfringens. Feed was supplemented with zinc at 1000 ppm. Upon necropsy of broilers 6 days after coccidial inoculation, necrotic enteritis was found in 20% (2/10) of birds given both organisms and dietary zinc. Coccidial lesion scores were also highest in that group. Birds infected with E. brunetti and C. perfringens with no dietary zinc had significantly higher coccidiosis lesion scores (P less than 0.05) than groups inoculated with E. brunetti only, regardless of zinc supplementation. Alpha toxin levels in intestinal contents were low in groups infected with both organisms, regardless of zinc supplementation. Zinc was tested for effects of alpha toxin production in vitro. In the mid-log phase (6 hours incubation), a high level of alpha toxin was produced in zinc-supplemented media, but this was lost quickly in the presence of trypsin. Addition of zinc partly protected the toxin from the action of trypsin.  相似文献   

Comparison of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and conventional methods for avian serology   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S G Thayer  P Villegas  O J Fletcher 《Avian diseases》1987,31(1):120-124

Sera tested for hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) activity against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and virus-neutralizing (VN) activity against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and viral arthritis (VA) virus were collected from a wide variety of accessions into the Diagnostic Services Laboratory, Poultry Disease Research Center, University of Georgia. The sera were then segregated according to HI or VN titer to NDV, IBV, IBDV, or VA virus and stored frozen at -20 C until tested by two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). There was good correlation of mean Flockchek ELISA titers or EIA Systems sample-to-positive (S/P) ratios with specific HI or VN titers. Flockchek ELISA profile group 3 and EIA Systems mean S/P ratio of 1.12 corresponded to what were considered in our lab to be minimum protective titers for each antigen against virulent challenge in our area.  相似文献