Chili pepper fruits: presumed precursors of fatty acids characteristic for capsaicinoids     

Thiele R  Mueller-Seitz E  Petz M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(11):4219-4224

Capsaicin is a molecule unique to fruits from the genus Capsicum. It is responsible for the pungent sensation and displays valuable pharmacological properties. Despite the fruits' economic importance and decades of research, the regulation of the content of capsaicinoids in individual fruits is not completely elucidated, and no agricultural cultivation of chili of defined pungency is assured. Precursor candidates of the fatty acid moiety of the capsaicinoids, especially for the unique 8-methyl- trans-6-nonenoic acid, were examined. Thioesters, acyl-ACP and acyl-CoA, were isolated from the placenta of Capsicum fruits by means of DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, selectively converted to the corresponding N-butylamides, and analyzed by GC-MS. Fatty acid moieties characteristic for capsaicinoids were identified. In two different varieties ( Capsicum chinense var. Habanero orange and Capsicum annuum var. Jalapeno) it was shown that the fatty acid pattern corresponds to the distribution pattern of the capsaicinoids formed up to this time. The acyl-thioester fractions contained already the 8-methyl- trans-6-nonenoic acid.  相似文献   

Microbial metabolites in the digesta of piglets after feeding     

E Schnabel  G Bolduan  B Klenke  E Borchert  I Thiele 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1985,35(9):623-628

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Effects of Ozone (O₃) on Survival and Development of Chick Embryos After Gas Exposure In Ovo     

A. Hoffmann    M. Thiele    K. Fehlhaber    J. Seeger 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2005,34(S1):20-21

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Function and autoregulation of yeast copperthionein   总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32  

D H Hamer  D J Thiele  J E Lemontt 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,228(4700):685-690

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Spontaneously occurring alimentary osteofluorosis associated with proliferative gastroduodenopathy in rabbits     

Bock P  Peters M  Bagó Z  Wolf P  Thiele A  Baumgärtner W 《Veterinary pathology》2007,44(5):703-706

Growing rabbits from two rabbitries, fed with commercial concentrates and hay, developed painful thickenings of the extremities. Four rabbits from each farm were clinically examined and necropsied. All animals showed multiple moderate to severe osseous proliferations of extremities and mandibles and a mild to severe proliferative gastroduodenopathy. Histologically, periosteal and endosteal hyperostosis and a mild to severe proliferation of the gastric and duodenal mucosa were noted. Bone analyses revealed 12,700 and 15,000 microg fluoride per gram of bone ash in affected rabbits, compared with 550 microg fluoride in a control animal. A highly elevated fluoride content was found in concentrates. Vitamin A levels were moderately increased only in one concentrate, and copper levels were normal. Results indicate that alimentary fluoride intoxication caused prominent bony proliferations in the examined rabbits. Whether the proliferative gastroduodenopathy is related to the elevated fluoride intake or represents an incidentally occurring secondary disease remains to be determined.  相似文献   

Biophysico‐Chemical Processes Involving Natural Nonliving Organic Matter in Environmental Systems ‐ edited by Senesi,N., Xing,B. & Huang,P.M.     

S. Thiele‐Bruhn 《European Journal of Soil Science》2010,61(3):437-438

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Present and historical landscape structure shapes current species richness in Central European grasslands     

Scherreiks  Pascal  Gossner  Martin M.  Ambarl&#;  Didem  Ayasse  Manfred  Bl&#;thgen  Nico  Fischer  Markus  Klaus  Valentin H.  Kleinebecker  Till  Neff  Felix  Prati  Daniel  Seibold  Sebastian  Simons  Nadja K.  Weisser  Wolfgang W.  Wells  Konstans  Westphal  Catrin  Thiele  Jan 《Landscape Ecology》2022,37(3):745-762

Landscape Ecology - Current diversity and species composition of ecological communities can often not exclusively be explained by present land use and landscape structure. Historical land use may...  相似文献   

Pharmaceutical antibiotic compounds in soils – a review     

Sren Thiele‐Bruhn 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(2):145-167

Antibiotics are highly effective, bioactive substances. As a result of their consumption, excretion, and persistence, they are disseminated mostly via excrements and enter the soils and other environmental compartments. Resulting residual concentrations in soils range from a few μg upto g kg^–1 and correspond to those found for pesticides. Numerous antibiotic molecules comprise of a non‐polar core combined with polar functional moieties. Many antibiotics are amphiphilic or amphoteric and ionize. However, physicochemical properties vary widely among compounds from the various structural classes. Existing analytical methods for environmental samples often combine an extraction with acidic buffered solvents and the use of LC‐MS for determination. In soils, adsorption of antibiotics to the organic and mineral exchange sites is mostly due to charge transfer and ion interactions and not to hydrophobic partitioning. Sorption is strongly influenced by the pH of the medium and governs the mobility and transport of the antibiotics. In particular for the strongly adsorbed antibiotics, fast leaching through soils by macropore or preferential transport facilitated by dissolved soil colloids seems to be the major transport process. Antibiotics of numerous classes are photodegraded. However, on soil surfaces this process if of minor influence. Compared to this, biotransformation yields a more effective degradation and inactivation of antibiotics. However, some metabolites still comprise of an antibiotic potency. Degradation of antibiotics is hampered by fixation to the soil matrix; persisting antibiotics were already determined in soils. Effects on soil organisms are very diverse, although all antibiotics are highly bioactive. The absence of effects might in parts be due to a lack of suitable test methods. However, dose and persistence time related effects especially on soil microorganisms are often observed that might cause shifts of the microbial community. Significant effects on soil fauna were only determined for anthelmintics. Due to the antibiotic effect, resistance in soil microorganisms can be provoked by antibiotics. Additionally, the administration of antibiotics mostly causes the formation of resistant microorganisms within the treated body. Hence, resistant microorganisms reach directly the soils with contaminated excrements. When pathogens are resistant or acquire resistance from commensal microorganisms via gene transfer, humans and animals are endangered to suffer from infections that cannot be treated with pharmacotherapy. The uptake into plants even of mobile antibiotics is small. However, effects on plant growth were determined for some species and antibiotics.  相似文献   

Farmers’ participation and breeding for durable disease resistance in the Andean region     

Daniel Danial  Jan Parlevliet  Conny Almekinders  Graham Thiele 《Euphytica》2007,153(3):385-396

In the Andean region, the Preduza project and its partners combined breeding for durable disease resistance using locally adapted cultivars and farmer participatory methods. The approach taken resembles participatory variety selection (PVS). Farmers participated in the selection of advanced materials, rather than finished cultivars. This paper describes this approach and reports experiences with farmers–breeders collaboration. As breeders involved farmers as participants, they learned more about the most important criteria of male and female farmers for preferred cultivars in the marginal environments of Andean cropping systems. This approach encouraged the use of locally adapted cultivars (often landraces), made the breeders less dependent on foreign materials, and has resulted in selection and development of new wheat, barley, common bean, quinoa, potato and maize cultivars. Breeding programmes based on crossing locally adapted cultivars followed by selection by the breeders in the early phases of the breeding programmes and by participatory selection with the farmers in the more advanced stages of the breeding programmes appeared successful. It became clear that breeders must be well acquainted with the farmer preferences such as the requirements for specific agronomic, storage, processing and marketing traits. Over a period of five years the centralized formal breeding approach predominantly based on material produced by the international institutes was replaced by decentralized breeding approaches based largely on local germplasm with extensive farmer participation.  相似文献   

Identification of the First Rye-Cytoplasmic Rye-Wheat-Addition Using LAP-Isozymes     

V. Thiele    R. Buschbeck    A. Seidel  G. Melz 《Plant Breeding》1988,101(3):250-252

Rye-cytoplasmic rye-wheat-additions were produced by double backcrossing rye-cytoplasmic tetraploid triticale with an inbred line of diploid rye cv. ‘Esto’. Addition 6B was identified using LAP-isozymes.  相似文献