Cannabis and alcohol: effects on stimulated car driving     

O J Rafaelsen  P Bech  J Christiansen  H Christrup  J Nyboe  L Rafaelsen 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,179(76):920-923

The effects of cannabis and alcohol on simulated car driving were studied. Cannabis resin containing 4 percent Delta(1)-tetrahydrocannabinol was administered orally in three doses equivalent to 8, 12, and 16 milligrams of that component. Alcohol was given orally in one standard dose of 70 grams. Both cannabis and alcohol increased the time required to brake and start, whereas alcohol increased while cannabis decreased the number of gear changes. An effect of dosage on response was observed with cannabis.  相似文献   

Extraction and determination of glucosinolates from soil     

Gimsing AL  Kirkegaard JA  Bruun Hansen HC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(25):9663-9667

The use of glucosinolate-containing plants as soil-incorporated biofumigants for pest and disease control has raised questions regarding the fate of glucosinolates in soil; however, no method for routine analysis of glucosinolates in soil has been reported. A simple method to extract glucosinolates from soil with quantification as desulfoglucosinolates by HPLC is presented. The method involves two extractions with 70% methanol at room temperature, centrifugation, and filtration prior to the desulfation step. The desulfoglucosinolates are then quantified by HPLC using established protocols for plant tissue analysis. There were no significant interfering peaks from the soil extracts, and the method provided high extraction efficiencies (around 100%) for both aromatic (benzyl) and aliphatic (2-propenyl) glucosinolates when amended at a wide range of realistic field soil concentrations (1.6-120 nmol/g of soil). The method was equally effective in three diverse Australian soils that varied in organic matter, clay content, and pH. The method was effective in air-dried or field-moist soil, although evidence for rapid glucosinolate degradation in field-moist soil indicates that extraction of moist soils should be performed as soon as possible after sampling. The method is compatible with field soil sampling at remote sites and utilizes the same equipment and protocols already established for plant tissue analysis. Extraction of glucosinolates in the field following incorporation of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and rape (Brassica napus) green manure crops was also tested. Eight different glucosinolates contained in the plant tissues were identified and quantified in soil extracts at concentrations ranging from 0.11 to 21.7 nmol/g of soil.  相似文献   

Initial stage of cheese production: a molecular modeling study of bovine and camel chymosin complexed with peptides from the chymosin-sensitive region of κ-casein     

Sørensen J  Palmer DS  Qvist KB  Schiøtt B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(10):5636-5647

Bovine chymosin has long been the preferred enzyme used to coagulate cow's milk, in the initial stage of cheese production, during which it cleaves a specific bond in the milk protein κ-casein. Recently, camel chymosin has been shown to have a 70% higher clotting activity toward cow's milk and, moreover, to cleave κ-casein more selectively. Bovine chymosin, on the other hand, is a poor clotting agent toward camel's milk. This paper reports a molecular modeling study aimed at understanding this disparity, based on homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations using peptide fragments of κ-casein from cow and camel in both bovine and camel chymosin. The results show that the complex between bovine chymosin and the fragment of camel κ-casein is indeed less stable in the binding pocket. The results also indicate that this in part may be due to charge repulsion between a lysine residue in bovine chymosin and an arginine residue in the P4 position of camel κ-casein.  相似文献   

Screening of wild plants for use in the phytoremediation of mining-influenced soils containing arsenic in semiarid environments     

Salvadora Martínez-López  Maria Jose Martínez-Sánchez  Carmen Pérez-Sirvent  Jaume Bech  Maria del Carmen Gómez Martínez  Antonio Juan García-Fernandez 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(4):794-809

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Food and nutrient intakes among pregnant women in rural Tamil Nadu,South India     

Andersen LT  Thilsted SH  Nielsen BB  Rangasamy S 《Public health nutrition》2003,6(2):131-137

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Feed-induced Changes in the Transport of Butyrate,Sodium and Chloride Ions Across the Isolated Bovine Rumen Epithelium     

Jakob Sehested  Jens Bech Andersen  Ole Aaes  Niels Bastian Kristensen  Lars Diernæs  Peter Detlef Møller 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(1):47-55

A short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) burst feeding strategy to dry cows (periodically high SCFA concentration in the ruminal fluid) has been hypothesized to increase the ruminal surface area and absorptive capacity. The present paper deals with the effects of a SCFA burst feeding strategy on epithelial transport function in dry cows. The epithelial transport capacity for [¹⁴C]butyrate and Na⁺ across the rumen epithelium in vitro was significantly increased by the SCFA burst feeding strategy, compared with the controls. The transport of Cl^- was significantly increased by the SCFA burst feeding strategy at the high feeding level, but non-significantly decreased at the low feeding level. The increase in transport capacity could not be attributed to changes in epithelial resistance, to the concentration of Na⁺/K⁺-ATP-ase or to the epithelial surface area and structure (data on epithelial surface area and structure were published by Andersen et al., Report No. 23 from the National Institute of Animal Science, Denmark, 1994). The observed changes in transport must reflect a change in either composition of the cell membranes or processes that facilitate transport through the cell, including metabolic processes. The presented results support the existence of a saturable SCFA transport system in the epithelial cells and the results show that the capacity of this transport system can be the subject for feed-induced regulation.  相似文献   

Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Spirocyclic Bromotyrosine Clavatadine C Analogs     

Piyush A. Patel  Tanja Bruun  Polina Ilina  Heidi Mkkyl  Antti Lempinen  Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma  Pivi Tammela  Paula S. Kiuru 《Marine drugs》2021,19(7)

Marine-originated spirocyclic bromotyrosines are considered as promising scaffolds for new anticancer drugs. In a continuation of our research to develop potent and more selective anticancer compounds, we synthesized a library of 32 spirocyclic clavatadine analogs by replacing the agmatine, i.e., 4-(aminobutyl)guanidine, side chain with different substituents. These compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against skin cancer using the human melanoma cell line (A-375) and normal human skin fibroblast cell line (Hs27). The highest cytotoxicity against the A-375 cell line was observed for dichloro compound 18 (CC₅₀ 0.4 ± 0.3 µM, selectivity index (SI) 2). The variation of selectivity ranged from SI 0.4 to reach 2.4 for the pyridin-2-yl derivative 29 and hydrazide analog of 2-picoline 37. The structure–activity relationships of the compounds in respect to cytotoxicity and selectivity toward cancer cell lines are discussed.  相似文献   

Measuring Phosphorus Availability in Recently Fertilized Soils with the Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films (DGT) Method – Challenges and Opportunities     

Wibke Christel  Camilla Lemming  Simon Mundus  Sander Bruun  Jakob Magid 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(5):563-570

The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique is acknowledged as an adequate method for predicting soil phosphorus (P) availability. However, the relatively low binding capacity of the DGT gel can be problematic when soils have recently been amended with fertilizers of high P solubility. We studied the performance of commercially available DGT devices with P concentrations from below to several magnitudes above their reported capacity. We found a binding capacity of 15 µg P per DGT unit binding gel, but P recovery increased considerably above this level without any detectable limit. This could be explained mainly by equilibration between the aqueous phase in the hydrogel and the ambient solution. For quantitative assessment of P availability in soils recently amended with a concentrated P source, a DGT binding gel with a higher capacity would be needed. However, even when the binding capacity is exceeded, different soil amendments can still be ranked qualitatively.  相似文献   

Turnover and isotopic fractionation of carbon from maize leaves as influenced by clay type and content in constructed soil media     

W. J. Yang  S. Bruun  R. Rønn  F. Ekelund  J. Magid 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2016,52(4):447-454

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Reclamation and management of polluted soils: options and case studies     

Jaume Bech 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(6):2131-2135

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