Effect of the Heavy Metals Cu,Ni, Cd and Zn on the Growth and Reproduction of Epigeic Earthworms (E. fetida) during the Vermistabilization of Municipal Sewage Sludge     

Domínguez-Crespo  Miguel A.  Sánchez-Hernández  Z. Erika  Torres-Huerta  Aidé M.  Negrete-Rodríguez  Ma. de la Luz X.  Conde-Barajas  Eloy  Flores-Vela  Abelardo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(2):915-931

In order to enhance the removal of heavy metals such as Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd from wastewater, different cow dung/sewage sludge ratios were tested to assess the effect of these metals on the adaptability of Eisenia fetida earthworms to the treatment process carried out in a typical plant located in Tamaulipas, Mexico. Two experimental water treatment setups were proposed. The first set of experiments was planned to determine the adequate sewage sludge/cow dung ratio(s), whereas the second arrangement was designed to evaluate the growth performance and fecundity of the earthworms under high heavy metal concentrations. To achieve the objectives, the experiments were conducted for 90 days under controlled environmental conditions. Maximum worm biomass and growth rates were attained in samples containing 25 wt.% of sewage sludge. Weight and mortality of worms were significantly affected by the high levels of heavy metals, making difficult the metal accumulation in the worm tissues.  相似文献   

Antimutagenic Properties of Mangifera indica L. Stem Bark Extract and Evaluation of its Effects on Hepatic CYP1A1     

Janet Morffi  Idania Rodeiro  Sandra Luz Hernández  Leonora González  Jose Herrera  J. Javier Espinosa-Aguirre 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2012,67(3):223-228

Mangifera indica stem bark extract (MSBE) is a Cuban natural product which has shown strong antioxidant properties. In this work, the antimutagenic effect of MSBE was tested against 10 well-known mutagens/carcinogens in the Ames test in the absence or presence of metabolic fraction (S9). The chemical mutagens tested included: cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C, bleomycin, cisplatin, dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA), benzo[a]pyrene (BP), 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), sodium azide, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and picrolonic acid. Protective effects of the extract were also evaluated by comparing the efficiency of S9 fraction obtained from rats treated during 28?days with oral doses of MSBE (50?C500?mg/kg) with that obtained from rats treated with vehicle (control) to activate bleomycin and cyclophosphamide in the Ames test. MSBE concentrations between 50 and 500???g/plate significantly reduced the mutagenicity mediated by all the chemicals tested with the exception of sodium azide. Higher mutagenicity was found when bleomycin and cyclophosphamide (CP) were activated by control S9 than by MSBE S9. In addition, inhibition of CYP1A1 microsomal activity was observed in the presence of MSBE (10?C20???g/ml). We can conclude that besides its potent antioxidant activity previously reported, MSBE may also exert a chemoprotective effect due to its capacity to inhibit CYP activity.  相似文献   

Provenance and seed mass determine seed tolerance to high temperatures associated to forest fires in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus pinaster</Emphasis>     

Leonor Calvo  Verónica Hernández  Luz Valbuena  Angela Taboada 《Annals of Forest Science》2016,73(2):381-391

  相似文献   

The effect of land use on aboveground biomass and soil quality indicators in spontaneous forests and agroforests of eastern Amazonia     

Márcio Fernandes Alves Leite  Ronildson Lima Luz  Karol Henry Mavisoy Muchavisoy  Marcelo Luís Corrêa Zelarayán  Ernesto Gomez Cardoso  Flávio Henrique Reis Moraes  Guillaume Xavier Rousseau  Christoph Gehring 《Agroforestry Systems》2016,90(6):1009-1023

  相似文献   

Conception rate,uterine infection and embryo quality after artificial insemination and natural breeding with a stallion carrier of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a case report     

Guimar?es Tiago  Carvalheira Júlio  Rocha António 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2012,54(1):20

Background

Pseudomonas aeruginosa may cause venereal disease and infertility in horses. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa - carrier stallion, often unresponsive to artificial vagina collection, was used to naturally breed mares. Semen collected from the same stallion was also used to perform artificial inseminations. Pregnancy rates, embryo quality and incidence of uterine infection were compared between inseminated or naturally-bred mares.

Methods

P. aeruginosa was isolated from swabbing of the penis, prepuce and distal urethra of the stallion. Before being bred or inseminated, clitoral/vestibular samples were collected from all mares, and cultured for isolation of P. aeruginosa. At the first observed estrus, endometrial swabs were also collected. All mares subjected to natural mating (NS) were re-evaluated for P.aeruginosa by culture of clitoral and endometrial swabs. Artificial inseminations (AI) were performed either with fresh-extended semen (11 AI/7 mares) or frozen semen (10 AI/7 mares). The stallion was also used to breed 3 mares (4 services). For embryo collection, 2 mares were inseminated with fresh-extended semen (1 AI/mare), and 2 additional mares were inseminated with frozen semen (2 AI/mare). Two mares were naturally-bred with a total of 9 services, for embryo collection. All mares were examined after AI or natural service (NS), for uterine pathologies. Embryo recoveries were attempted passing a catheter with inflatable cuff connected to a sterile flexible 2-way flushing catheter, through the cervix. Flushed media was recovered into an Em-Con filter, and embryos searched using a stereoscope. Embryos were graded from 1 (excellent) to 4 (degenerated/dead).

Results

Pregnancy rates obtained after NS was 50% per cycle. However, more than half of the NS resulted in uterine disease, while uterine pathology was seen only in 22% of the time following AI. Half of the mares bred by NS got positive to P. aeruginosa. Percentage of embryo recovery rates was identical after AI or NS (66.7%). The 4 embryos recovered after AI were classified as Grade 1, while after NS only 2 out of the 6 recovered embryos were Grade 1.

Conclusion

a) there was no evidence of reduced fertilization after AI or NS, b) a numerically higher incidence of uterine disease was noticed after NS, c) venereal transmission of P. aeruginosa after NS was confirmed, d) a lower percentage of G1 embryos may be obtained after NS. Overall, the data supports the indication for P. aeruginosa-carrier stallions to be bred by AI rather than by NS, and raises the possibility that P. aeruginosa may affect embryo quality.  相似文献   

Molecular diversity in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium oxysporum</Emphasis> isolates from common bean fields in Brazil     

Andre Freire Cruz  Lucas Fagundes Silva  Tiago Vieira Sousa  Alessandro Nicoli  Trazilbo Jose de Paula Junior  Eveline Teixeira Caixeta  Laercio Zambolim 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,152(2):343-354

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is widely cultivated in Brazil and is known as a very important crop for families in this country. Fusarium wilt severely harms common beans and has become a big issue for this crop. In order to assist the breeding programs that target resistance to this disease, the evaluation of genetic diversity of the pathogen and its molecular characterization are crucial. Thus, the present goal was to identify Fusarium isolates obtained from several places in Brazil using molecular tools; select molecular markers for these isolates; and analyze their diversity. All of isolates were molecularly identified as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop). By using seven selected SSR markers, the results of diversity obtained by the dendrogram and the Bayesian analysis formed four groups where a large diversity of this fungus was found within each state. However, the groups were more homogenous according to the collection source and the pathogenicity test. More specifically, group 2 was composed of the most virulent strains and originated from Minas Gerais State – UFV, and group 3 was mostly composed by isolates from Goias state. Group I was also more diverse in terms of location and virulence. The overall results indicated a positive correlation between Fusarium diversity and its virulence to common bean. Furthermore, the use of these markers was effective in molecular identification and in detecting polymorphism within F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli.  相似文献   

Tolerance of potentially diazotrophic bacteria to adverse environmental conditions and plant growth-promotion in sugarcane     

Danubia Ramos Moreira de Lima  Isaneli Batista dos Santos  João Tiago Correia Oliveira  Jesimiel Gomes Barbosa  Williane Patrícia da Silva Diniz  Andreza Raquel Barbosa de Farias 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(11):1534-1548

Sugarcane is one of the crops responsible for the high consumption of fertilizers in Brazil. To minimize this demand a sustainable alternative is to increase the studies to evaluate the beneficial effects of the relationship between plants/microorganisms, mainly plant growth-promoting bacteria. The objectives of this study were: a) to evaluate potentially diazotrophic bacteria isolates from sugarcane in adverse environmental conditions; b) inoculate these bacteria in sugarcane to evaluate their ability in plant growth-promotion. The study was carried in the Northeast of Brazil. Bacterial genera Burkholderia sp., Pantoea sp., Stenotrophomonas sp. and Enterobacter sp. were evaluated in different culture medium and later the bacterial isolates were inoculated in sugarcane evaluating the plant growth-promotion. Stenotrophomonas sp. and Pantoea sp. were tolerant to salinity and to different sources of carbon in acid medium and too tolerated high concentrations of pesticides and produced quorum sensing molecules (QS), but did not increase the dry matter production of sugarcane. Burkholderia sp. and Enterobacter sp. were more sensitive to salinity and pest control, but were more effective in plant growth-promotion. The tolerance of the bacteria to the adverse environmental conditions interfered negatively in the ability to plant growth-promotion.  相似文献   

Prebiotic,probiotic, and synbiotic in the diet of Nile tilapia post-larvae during the sex reversal phase     

Ednara Ronise Lima de Araújo  Luis André Luz Barbas  Carlos Massatoshi Ishikawa  Danielle de Carla Dias  Fábio Rosa Sussel  Hélcio Luis de Almeida Marques  Leonardo Tachibana 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(1):85-97

This study evaluated the use of the prebiotic Active-MOS® (mannanoligosaccharides—Biorigin®) and two probiotics: PAS-TR® (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus var. toyoi—Imeve®) and Bioplus 2BC® (1.6 × 10¹⁰ UFC g^?1 de Bacillus subtilis and 1.6 × 10¹⁰ UFC g^?1 Bacillus licheniformis—Christian Hansen®) tested separately and together, in the diet of Nile tilapia post-larvae during the sex reversal phase. The experiment was conducted in two stages: (i) a total of 2160 3-day-old post-larvae (PL) (10.39 ± 0.85 mm and 12.28 ± 3.15 mg) were used and distributed in 24 tanks of 40 L each (3.0 PL L^?1). Growth performance, chemical analysis of carcass, bacterial recovery, and histomorphometry of intestinal villi were evaluated; (ii) 240 tilapia (4.28 ± 0.19 cm and 1.19 ± 0.09 g) from the previous experiment were used and stocked at 10 PL per aquarium. The parameters evaluated were survival and relative protection level after bacterial challenge against Aeromonas hydrophila. Six treatments with four replications in a completely randomized design were used for both experimental stages. Additives in the diet of tilapia post-larvae did not determine significant differences in growth, survival, microbiological, or histomorphometric parameters in this study. Nevertheless, after the experimental infection, advantages on the use of the additives were observed in terms of higher relative protection levels (38.10%) and relative percent survival in fish receiving Active-MOS® + Bioplus 2BC®. Therefore, we recommend the use of synbiotic (Active-MOS® + Bioplus 2BC®) in the farming of Nile tilapia PL with recurrent outbreaks of bacterial diseases during the sex reversal phase.  相似文献   

European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) ability to discriminate between diets made with different dietary fat sources          下载免费PDF全文

R.K. Luz  D. Boluda‐Navarro  F.J. Sánchez‐Vázquez  R. Fortes‐Silva  M.C. Portella  S. Zamora Navarro  J.A. Madrid 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(1):65-73

The aim of this work was to determine whether juvenile and adult European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.), fed ad libitum manually and with self‐feeding demand feeders, respectively, were able to discriminate between a fish oil‐based diet and a series of diets made with vegetable oils (soybean, linseed, rapeseed and sunflower oil), as well as a fat‐free diet. Adult D. labrax (443.6 ± 108.8 g) selected diets made from soybean (SYO) and rapeseed (RO) in proportions similar to fish oil (FO). Demand levels for the other two diets, sunflower (SUO) and linseed (LO) oils, were significantly lower than FO, whilst juveniles (56.4 ± 11.2 g) displayed a preference for SYO and FO. The lowest demand levels were associated with a fat‐free diet (FF). Selection percentages of the diets for adult and juvenile fish were, respectively, FF—22.96% and 39.76%, SYO—43.02% and 53.26%, LO—36.48% and 36.19%, SUO—39.87% and 37.32%, and RO—46.38% and 40.94%. The animals’ size and feeding method did not significantly affect dietary selection. However, a statistical difference in specific growth rate (1.37% ± 0.26% day^?1) for juveniles was only observed for FO+FF combination. For juveniles, no differences were observed in the conversion index. The juvenile group (FO + FF) had the highest food intake (2.00 ± 0.35 g 100 g^?1 body weight). Moreover, the groups fed FO + SUO and FO + RO consumed the least. In conclusion, this study shows D. labrax can discriminate between diets where the only difference is the lipid source. These findings should be used to understand the acceptance or rejection of different source oils, which are increasingly being used in aquaculture such as aquafeeds for European seabass.  相似文献   

Experimental culture of larvae,post‐larvae and juveniles of the West Indian top shell,Cittarium pica (Linnaeus 1758)          下载免费PDF全文

Luz A Velasco  Judith Barros 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(4):1628-1637

The West Indian top shell, Cittarium pica, is an endangered vetigastropod of ecological and commercial value from the Caribbean. In order to assess the use of aquaculture as a tool for its sustainable production and conservation, embryos were produced in hatchery and experimentally cultured until juveniles under different conditions. Embryos were incubated under two temperatures (25 and 29°C) and six densities (0.3, 0.6, 1.0, 4.0, 9.0 and 37.0% of bottom‐coverage). Larvae were reared under different temperatures (25 and 27°C), densities (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 10 larvae/ml) and culture systems (static and down‐welling). Post‐larvae were obtained in three different settling conditions, and the early juveniles were cultured supplying fresh seaweed (Laurencia obtusa and Padina gymnospora), natural multi‐specific biofilm and Cylindroteca sp. biofilm. The growth and survival of embryos and larvae were not affected by temperature, but they were affected by density. Higher values were obtained at low densities (<1% of embryos bottom‐coverage and <1 larvae/ml), except for the growth of larvae, which was similar among treatments. Higher larval survival was recorded using the static culture system, and higher percent of post‐larvae recovered was associated with lower density of crawling veliger (0.2 and 0.1/ml), while its higher growth rate was related to the use of biofilms with conspecific mucus and low water‐flow (50%/h). The type of food tested did not affect the juvenile growth, but higher survival was obtained in those fed with seaweed than with multi‐specific biofilm.  相似文献