Development and characterization of interspecific hybrids of Trifolium alexandrinum×T. apertum using embryo rescue     

D. R. Malaviya    A. K. Roy    P. Kaushal    B. Kumar  A. Tiwari    C. Lorenzoni 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(6):536-542

This is the first report on the development of interspecific hybrids between Trifolium alexandrinum and T. apertum using embryo rescue and characterization of F₁ plants. T. apertum was used as the male parent and T. alexandrinum as the female parent. Development of interspecific hybrids under natural conditions is not successful and so embryo rescue was attempted. Of the several combinations tried, pollination 2 days after emasculation and embryos rescued 11 days after pollination was found to be the best. For embryo culture, EC3 medium consisting of MS basal supplemented with 2.3 μM kinetin and 3% sucrose was used. Germinated embryos were transferred to LSP3 medium 25 days after inoculation wherein most of the cultures showed multiple shoots that were split and subcultured on RL1 medium for rooting. After hardening, about 75% of hybrids were successfully transferred to the field. The hybrids, in general, showed morphological traits intermediate between the two parents; however, a few hybrids showed better growth than either parent. Some F₁ plants were almost 3 weeks later in flowering than the female parent. Pollen fertility among these plants ranged from 78 to approximately 100%. Chromosomal associations at diakinesis and isozyme banding patterns for acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase also confirmed the hybrid nature of the plants.  相似文献   

Path-coefficient analysis of anatomical characters affecting peg strength in groundnut     

S. P. Tiwari  T. G. K. Murthy  George K. Johnson  D. L. Varmoda 《Euphytica》1988,39(2):119-121

Summary Correlation and path-coefficient analysis for anatomical characters affecting peg strength was carried out in eleven strains of groundnut. Bundle cap length and number of xylem vessels per vascular bundle showed a significant positive correlation with peg strength. Path-coefficient analysis revealed that bundle cap length had the highest direct positive effect on peg strength whereas number of xylem vessels per vascular bundle played only a minor role directly. All the characters positively affected peg strengh in an indirect manner mostly via bundle cap lengh. All other direct effects and such indirect effects where bundle cap length was not involved were found to be unimportant. Thus bundle cap length emerged as a reliable anatomical character which can serve as a selection criterion in breeding cultivars with strong pegs to reduce harvesting losses in groundnut.  相似文献   

A linkage group for genes governing pod characters in peanut     

T. G. K. Murthy  S. P. Tiwari  P. S. Reddy 《Euphytica》1988,39(1):43-46

Summary Inheritance and linkage relationships were studied for six morphological characters in a cross between Arachis monticola Krap. et Rig. and A. hypogaea L. All the characters were found to be governed by single dominant genes. The genes governing leaflet krinkling and peg pigmentation assorted independently while the genes for four pod characters viz. catenate nature, beak, reticulation and thin pericarp showed linkage. A linkage map for these genes was proposed.  相似文献   

Okra production with pine straw mulch     

D. J. Makus  S. C. Tiwari  H. A. Pearson  J. D. Haywood  A. E. Tiarks 《Agroforestry Systems》1994,27(2):121-127

Conventional planted okra in Booneville, Arkansas and Lorman, Mississippi were mulched with loblolly pine straw (Pinus taeda L.) and longleaf pine straw (P. palustris Mill.), respectively, at a rate of 11 t/ha or left bare. At Booneville, plant stand, season yields (18.6 t/ha), pod weight (16.3 g), plant dry weight (2.3 kg), or stem diameter (3.5 cm) were not affected by the loblolly pine mulch. However, mulch application increased pod number (1.22 vs. 1.06×10⁶/ha) and plant height (1.5 vs. 1.6 m), while reducing weed competition (0.05 vs. 0.40 t/ha) and visible plant stress, during periods of soil moisture deficits. Soil temperatures at 5 and 15 cm depth were reduced by mulch until mid-August when plant canopies covered the rows. Seasonal moisture at 30 and 45 cm depths was similar between mulched and bare soils, based upon unreplicated neutron probe measurements. At Lorman, season okra yield (29.8 vs. 24.6 t/ha), number of pods per ha (1.24 vs. 1.07×10⁶) and weed competition were reduced and soil pH lowered 0.56 units by longleaf pine straw mulch. Mulch reduced early season yield at both locations.  相似文献   

Effect of season on the occurrence of oestrus and fertility in different breeds of sheep under semi-arid conditions.     

K L Sahni  S B Tiwari  M S Sahani 《The Indian veterinary journal》1976,53(7):515-522

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Sequential changes in tissue d-fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase activity in chickens experimentally infected with Borrelia anserina     

S. Tiwari  I. C. Datta  J. L. Soni 《Veterinary research communications》1989,13(6):435-440

Following experimental Borrelia anserina infection of chickens, aldolase activity increased in the proventriculus, heart and bone marrow but declined in the kidney and cervical spinal cord.  相似文献   

Immunomodulation of bivalent Newcastle disease DNA vaccine induced immune response by co-delivery of chicken IFN-γ and IL-4 genes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sawant PM  Verma PC  Subudhi PK  Chaturvedi U  Singh M  Kumar R  Tiwari AK 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,144(1-2):36-44

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Salt-tolerant rhizobacteria-mediated induced tolerance in wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis>) and chemical diversity in rhizosphere enhance plant growth     

Shweta Tiwari  Pratibha Singh  Rameshwar Tiwari  Kamlesh K. Meena  Mahesh Yandigeri  Dhananjaya P. Singh  Dilip K. Arora 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(8):907-916

Salt-tolerant isolates Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas mendocina, Arthrobacter sp., Halomonas sp., and Nitrinicola lacisaponensis isolated from high saline habitats exhibited plant growth-promoting traits like P solubilization and indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, and ammonia production. These isolates were inoculated in wheat to assess microbe-mediated responses and plant growth promotion in salt affected soil. Maximum shoot and root length (33.8 and 13.6 cm) and shoot and root biomass (2.73 and 4.48 g dry weight) was recorded in plants inoculated with B. pumilus after 30 days. Total chlorophyll content was maximum in the leaves of the plants treated with Halomonas sp. (24.22 mg g⁻¹ dry weight) followed by B. pumilus (23.41 mg g⁻¹ dry weight) as compared to control (18.21 mg g⁻¹ dry weight) after 30 days. Total protein content was maximum in Arthrobacter sp. inoculated plant leaves (3.19 mg g⁻¹ dry weight) followed by B. pumilus (2.47 mg g⁻¹ dry weight) as compared to control (2.15 mg g⁻¹ dry weight) after 30 days. Total carotenoid content was maximum in plants inoculated with Halomonas sp. (1,075.45 and 1,113.29 μg g⁻¹ dry weight) in comparison to control (837.32 and 885.85 μg g⁻¹ dry weight) after 15 and 30 days. Inoculation of bacterial isolates increased presence of individual phenolics (gallic, caffeic, syringic, vanillic, ferulic, and cinnamic acids) and flavonoid quercetin in the rhizosphere soil. The concentration of IAA in rhizosphere soil and root exudates was also higher in all treatments than in control. Accumulation of phenolics and quercetin in the plants played a cumulative synergistic role that supported enhanced plant growth promotion of wheat in the stressed soil.  相似文献   

Bioavailability of iron from wheat aegilops derivatives selected for high grain iron and protein contents     

Salunke R  Neelam K  Rawat N  Tiwari VK  Randhawa GS  Dhaliwal HS  Roy P 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(13):7465-7473

A coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 model was employed to assess iron bioavailability from wheat Aegilops derivatives selected for high iron and protein contents. The iron content in wheat genotypes used in this study correlated to a great extent with both protein (r = 0.80) and phytate (r = 0.68) contents. The iron bioavailability was based on Caco-2 cell ferritin formation from cooked digests of these derivatives (relative to WL711 control) and correlated positively with dialyzable iron (r = 0.63) and total iron content (r = 0.38) but not with the phytate content. The apparently decreased phytate/iron molar ratios, however, correlated negatively (r = -0.42) with the iron bioavailability, justifying the utilization of these parameters in biofortification programs. Iron bioavailability in the derivatives increased up to 1.5-fold, corresponding to a 1.5-2.2-fold increase observed in iron content over control. These data suggest that biofortification for iron proportionately leading to higher iron bioavailability will be the most feasible and cost-effective approach to combat micronutrient deficiency.  相似文献   

Delivering rust resistant wheat to farmers: a step towards increased food security     

A. K. Joshi  M. Azab  M. Mosaad  M. Moselhy  M. Osmanzai  S. Gelalcha  G. Bedada  M. R. Bhatta  A. Hakim  P. K. Malaker  M. E. Haque  T. P. Tiwari  A. Majid  M. R. Jalal Kamali  Z. Bishaw  R. P. Singh  T. Payne  H. J. Braun 《Euphytica》2011,179(1):187-196

An important step towards reducing the vulnerability of wheat in Africa and Asia to the Ug99 race of the stem rust pathogen is the substitution of current susceptible varieties with superior resistant varieties. In the 2008?C2009 cropping season both seed multiplication and dissemination of Ug99 resistant varieties were initiated in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, India, Nepal and Pakistan. Ug99 resistant varieties must occupy about 5% of the area sown to wheat in each country to ensure sufficient seed to displace current popular varieties. Because of the underdeveloped seed industry and small farm sizes in most of these countries, various strategies are being applied for rapid multiplication and dissemination of resistant varieties. Approaches being used include pre-release seed multiplication while candidate resistant lines are being tested in national evaluation trials and farmer participatory selection. Resistant varieties are already released in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Egypt and Pakistan and more varieties are expected to be released in 2010 in these and other countries. Our results show that some new Ug99 resistant lines have yield superiority over dominant local varieties. Activities and progress in seed multiplication using existing and new Ug99 resistant varieties are discussed.  相似文献