Soil organic carbon under conservation agriculture in Mediterranean and humid subtropical climates: Global meta-analysis     

Tommaso Tadiello  Marco Acutis  Alessia Perego  Calogero Schillaci  Elena Valkama 《European Journal of Soil Science》2023,74(1):e13338

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Minimum cuticular conductance and cuticle features of Picea abies and Pinus cembra needles along an altitudinal gradient in the Dolomites (NE Italian Alps)     

Anfodillo T  Pasqua di Bisceglie D  Urso T 《Tree physiology》2002,22(7):479-487

Winter desiccation is believed to contribute to stress in coniferous trees growing at the treeline because cuticular conductance increases with altitude. To test whether winter desiccation occurs in high-altitude conifers of the Dolomites (NE Italian Alps), we measured minimum cuticular conductance (g(min)), needle wettability (contact angle) and cuticle thickness in Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Pinus cembra L. needles from December to August. Samples were collected from adult trees along an altitudinal gradient from valley bottom (1050 m a.s.l.) to the treeline (2170 m a.s.l.). The treeline site is one of the highest in the area and is characterized by a generally low wind exposure. Altitude had no effect on g(min) in either species. In P. abies, large seasonal variations in g(min) were recorded but no changes were related to needle age class. Pinus cembra had a low g(min) and appeared to be efficient in reducing needle water losses. There was a significant increase in g(min) with needle aging in P. cembra growing at low altitude that could be related to a shorter needle longevity compared with P. abies. High contact angles (> 110-120 ) suggested the presence of tubular epicuticular waxes on needles of both species. Contact angles were higher (low wettability) in high-altitude needles than in low-altitude needles. By the end of winter, there was no difference in contact angles between needles in the windward and leeward positions. Wax structures transformed toward planar shapes as demonstrated by the decrease in contact angle from winter to summer. In both species, the cuticle was thicker in needles of high-altitude trees than in needles of low-altitude trees and there was no correlation between g(min) and cuticle thickness. Because desiccation resistance did not decrease with altitude in either species, we conclude that they are not susceptible to winter desiccation at the tree line.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization of Prototheca in 11 symptomatic dogs     

Christian Falcaro  Tommaso Furlanello  Diana Binanti  Alessandra Fondati  Ugo Bonfanti  Mark Krockenberger  Richard Malik  Patrizia Danesi 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(1):156

Protothecosis is an uncommon disease caused by algae of the genus Prototheca. In dogs, the infection is usually first localized to the colon but has the propensity to later disseminate hematogenously to many other organs, with marked tropism for the eyes and central nervous system. Diagnosis is established by culture and/or evidence of Prototheca organisms in cytologic or histologic preparations. Species characterization, however, requires molecular investigations. Our laboratory set up a real-time PCR targeting portion D1/D2 of the 28S rRNA for identification of Prototheca species from both positive cultures (of rectal swabs and urine) and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Prototheca bovis, P. ciferrii, and P. wickerhamii were characterized in 11 dogs with systemic or cutaneous protothecosis. Prototheca identifications were phylogenetically consistent with the new taxonomy proposed for this genus based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. As a pilot study, we screened feces and rectal scrapes from 200 asymptomatic dogs, using 2 cohorts of stray and owned animals, to determine the prevalence of intestinal carriage of Prototheca spp. The Prototheca-negative results from both cohorts of healthy dogs suggest that predisposing factors related to the host probably contribute more to the acquisition of clinical disease than exposure to contaminated environments.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a Portable Meter to Measure Ketonemia and Comparison with Ketonuria for the Diagnosis of Canine Diabetic Ketoacidosis     

M. Di Tommaso  G. Aste  F. Rocconi  C. Guglielmini  A. Boari 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(3):466-471

Background: The diagnosis of canine diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) usually is based on measurement of urinary acetoacetate (ketonuria). In humans, this test is less sensitive and specific than blood 3-β-hydroxybutyrate (ketonemia) evaluation.
Hypothesis: Ketonemia measurement using a portable meter is more accurate than ketonuria determination with a dipstick to diagnose canine DKA.
Animals: Seventy-two client-owned diabetic dogs with ketonemia, ketonuria, or both.
Methods: Prospective observational study. Based on blood bicarbonate concentration and anion gap, dogs were divided into 2 groups: patients with DKA ( n = 25); patients with diabetic ketosis ( n = 47). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR) at different cut-off points were determined for both ketonemia and ketonuria. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the accuracy of each diagnostic test to diagnose DKA.
Results: With regard to ketonemia, cut-off values of 2.3 and 4.3 mmol/L revealed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, respectively, whereas cut-off values of 2.8 and 3.5 mmol/L showed a −LR of 0.05 and a + LR of 13.16, respectively. With regard to ketonuria, a cut-off value of 1+ revealed 92% sensitivity, 40% specificity, and −LR of 0.20, whereas a cut-off value of 3+ revealed 44% sensitivity, 94% specificity, and +LR of 6.89. The areas under the ROC curves for the ketonemia and ketonuria tests were significantly different (0.97 and 0.81, respectively, P = .003).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Measurement of ketonemia is accurate and more effective than measurement of ketonuria to diagnose canine DKA.  相似文献   

Serum acute phase protein concentrations in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism with and without concurrent inflammatory conditions     

Marco Caldin  Silvia Tasca  Erika Carli  Silvia Bianchini  Tommaso Furlanello  Silvia Martinez‐Subiela  Jose J Cerón 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(1):63-68

Background: Acute phase proteins (APPs) are promising markers of inflammation in dogs, because they are more sensitive than WBC counts in detecting clinical and subclinical inflammation. Endogenous corticosteroids can mask an acute phase response and make it more difficult to identify underlying inflammatory disease. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute phase protein response in dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) with and without concurrent inflammatory conditions. Methods: Serum concentrations of C‐reactive protein (CRP), haptoglobin (Hp), fibrinogen, and albumin were measured in 44 healthy adult dogs and 39 dogs with HAC; the HAC group was further divided into dogs with and without concurrent infection/inflammation. A fourth group of dogs with severe sepsis and without HAC was compared with the dogs with HAC and severe sepsis. Results: Dogs with uncomplicated HAC had significantly higher Hp and fibrinogen concentrations compared with healthy control dogs (P<.001). Dogs with HAC and severe inflammatory disease also had significantly higher CRP and lower albumin concentrations than control dogs and dogs with HAC without concurrent inflammation. Dogs with sepsis but without HAC had significantly higher CRP concentrations than dogs with HAC and sepsis. Conclusions: Dogs with HAC had increases in the moderate APPs (Hp and fibrinogen), and no significant changes in CRP and albumin compared with healthy dogs. Although concurrent HAC appeared to blunt the CRP response in dogs with sepsis, increased serum CRP concentration in dogs with HAC is likely indicative of severe concurrent inflammation.  相似文献   

Occurrence of biogenic amines and polyamines in spinach and changes during storage under refrigeration     

Lavizzari T  Veciana-Nogués MT  Weingart O  Bover-Cid S  Mariné-Font A  Vidal-Carou MC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(23):9514-9519

Biogenic amines and polyamines were studied in 18 market samples of spinach. Histamine and spermidine were detected in relatively high amounts in all samples within the ranges of 9.5-69.7 and 15.6-53.0 mg/kg, respectively. Other biologically active amines were either detected at low levels or not found at all. Changes in amine content during storage at 6 degrees C were studied. The content of most of the amines remained constant during storage, with the exception of spermidine and histamine. Spermidine showed a clear decreasing trend, whereas histamine significantly increased in all trials, but decreased at the end of the storage in two of the trials. Trials showing a decrease in histamine content also showed the highest spermidine decrease and recorded the highest pH values. Microbial loads throughout storage were also followed, with Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae being the predominant bacterial groups. Trials with higher microbial loads in initial samples also showed the highest histamine content in these samples. Potential explanations for both the formation and the degradation of histamine during storage are discussed.  相似文献   

Contribution of Soil Components on the Sorption of Chlorpyrifos     

Mónica Claudia Savini  Ruth Miriam Loewy  Viviana Estela Nicotra  María Eugenia Parolo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(1):36

It is generally assumed that the sorption of a nonionic pesticide on soil depends mainly on the content of soil organic matter (SOM); however, there are other factors that can contribute to this process. The possible causes of variation in the carbon-normalized partition coefficient (K _OC) for chlorpyrifos (CPF) for a diverse set of ten soils have been investigated. On the one hand, the analysis of the chemical composition of the SOM was analyzed, and on the other hand, the likely interactions between the organic matter and the mineral phase were assessed. Sorption experiments of CPF were performed on whole soil, on soils treated with 2% hydrofluoric acid (HF), and onto calcined soil at 550 °C. Organic matter chemistry of soil was determined by ¹³C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy; K _OC values were positively correlated with aryl C relative proportion and negatively correlated with alkyl C and O-aryl C proportions and prediction equation of K _OC was found (R ²?=?0.82, p?<?0.001). To evaluate possible organo-mineral interactions, a mathematical model was proposed which calculates the concentration of CPF at equilibrium (C _cal) considering adsorption coefficients for the organic (K _DHF) and inorganic (K _D550 °C) soil constituents, separately. The comparison between C _cal and the equilibrium concentration obtained from experimental data (C _exp) onto whole soil allowed us to confirm that interactions between the OM and clay affect the adsorption of CPF in whole soil. Such findings should be taken into account in the development of predictive models for the evaluation of the fate and transport of this pesticide in soil.  相似文献   

Testing the equi-resistance principle of the xylem transport system in a small ash tree: empirical support from anatomical analyses     

Bettiati D  Petit G  Anfodillo T 《Tree physiology》2012,32(2):171-177

In plants, water flows from roots to leaves through a complex network of xylem conduits. The xylem architecture is characterized by the conduit enlargement towards the stem base and the multiplication of conduits near the apices of lateral branches. The xylem architecture of a small ash tree was analysed by measuring the vessel hydraulic diameter (Dh) and number (N) at different heights along the stem and branches. Along the stem, Dh and N increased from the apex to the point of crown insertion. Below, Dh and N decreased and remained constant, respectively. In branches, the Dh and N of apices increased with distance from the ground (PL) (P < 0.001 and P < 0.0001, respectively), indicating that apical resistance (R(APEX)) becomes lower in the most peripheral branches (P < 0.0001). At the level of branch nodes along the stem, the total conductive area (AC) of the stem and branches just above the node was 11% higher than that of the stem just below the node (P = 0.024), whereas the conductivity (Kh) remained invariant above and below (P = 0.76). The difference in AC (ΔAC) between the branches and stem above each node increased with the distance of the node position from the stem apex (L). The xylem architecture of the analysed tree was characterized by anatomical modifications likely aimed at equilibrating the different path length effects on the hydraulic resistance of the different branches. Conduit tapering and multiplication seem to play a crucial role for the achievement of equal hydraulic resistance of all the leaves in the crown.  相似文献   

Thrombocytopenia in Japanese Akita dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Marco Caldin  Andrea Zoia  Silvia Tasca  Tommaso Furlanello 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(3):397-397

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A description of a technique for ultrasound‐guided lumbar plexus catheter in dogs: cadaveric study          下载免费PDF全文

Paolo Monticelli  Maja Drożdżyńska  Thaleia Stathopoulou  David Neilson  Tommaso Gregori  Jaime Viscasillas 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(4):453-456

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