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51.
Katsuya Natsuhara Kei Shimada Toshiharu Tanaka Tadashi Miyata 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2004,79(2):33-41
The permethrin resistant strain (TR-strain) of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), has 92.5-fold resistance to permethrin (at LD50 level) compared to the permethrin susceptible strain (TS-strain). Bioassay involving permethrin mixed with piperonyl butoxide, an inhibitor of microsomal cytochrome P450s, significantly reduced the resistance ratio from 92.5- to 7.9-fold. However, S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate and diethylmaleate which are inhibitors of esterases and glutathione S-transferase, respectively, did not affect the resistance level. These results indicate that the detoxification of permethrin in the TR-strain was primarily due to the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. LD50 for permethrin was increased to 4.5-fold by the pre-treatment of phenobarbital in the TS-strain. The effect of induction by phenobarbital was almost completely overcome by the piperonyl butoxide treatment. However, it was observed that phenobarbital treatment did not cause any change in the toxicity of permethrin to TR strain. Since this result deviated from the expectation that the metabolism of phenobarbital in the TR-strain should be greater than that in the TS-strain, it was deemed necessary to compare the metabolism of phenobarbital between the TS- and TR-strains. Comparison was made based on the concentration of phenobarbital in the hemolymph and whole body. The results showed no significant difference in phenobarbital treatment between the two strains used in this study suggesting the possibility that the induction system in TS-strain is different from the TR-strain. 相似文献
52.
Toshiharu Enomae Yoon-Hee Han Akira Isogai Michihisa Hotate Satoshi Hasegawa 《Journal of Wood Science》2010,56(5):395-402
Laid lines are observed frequently in Japanese paper. For restoration of historic document paper, the laid line intervals
should be consistent between the restoration paper and the original paper for harmonized appearance. Considering this prerequisite,
the perception mechanisms of the laid lines are discussed. Laid lines can be easily observed against backlight. However, there
are several cases where laid lines are not visible against backlight, but are clearly visible with diffuse reflected light.
With paper sheets formed on screens with short bamboo splint pitches, laid lines were observed only with diffuse reflected
light. Within these sheets, there was no fiber mass distribution or surface roughness that correlated with the periodicity
of the laid lines. On the other hand, paper sheets produced using long splint pitches exhibited light transmission unevenness,
fiber mass unevenness, and surface roughness. Microscopic observations using two-way low-angle illumination revealed the following
mechanism. In the flow sheet-forming method, fibers are oriented strongly in the cross-splint direction in the first layer
while some fibers rotate and become aligned along the interspaces between the splints in the second layer during dehydration.
Bidirectionally oriented fibers perpendicular to each other result in a contrasting reflectivity perceived as laid lines. 相似文献
53.
Jin J Haga T Shinjo T Goto Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(10):1243-1245
The nucleotide sequences of the DNA gyrase B subunit gene (gyrB) of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum, F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme and F. varium were determined and analyzed together with those of F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum and F. nucleatum subsp. vincentii. On the phylogenetic tree constructed, the strains of each fusobacterial species formed distinct clusters with deep sublines. The degree of sequence similarity within each cluster was 93.2% or more, whereas similarities between clusters ranged from 70.1 to 72.7%. These clusters were recovered with 100% bootstrap probabilities and are in very good agreement with the species of Fusobacterium. These data suggest that gyrB is an accurate genealogical marker for the classification of the fusobacterial taxa considered in this study. 相似文献
54.
Keiichi?UchidaEmail author Nobuaki?Arai Kazuyuki?Moriya Yoshinori?Miyamoto Toshiharu?Kakihara Tadashi?Tokai 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(5):992-1002
ABSTRACT: In this study, we developed a new automatic system, comprised of a radio frequency identification (RFID) system and global positioning system (GPS), for monitoring fishing effort, and effectiveness of effort, in fisheries using many pieces of fishing gear, such as hooks of longlines. The outline of this system is as follows. A single RFID tag with an identification (ID) number is attached to each piece of fishing gear. The RFID tag on the fishing gear passes the antenna of the RFID reader before being shot into the sea and after being hauled up from the sea. Data on the time and geographic location are measured by the GPS and recorded along with the ID number in a personal computer (PC). When a fish is caught, it is brought close to the fish-sorting table. Then, the second antenna of the RFID reader set at the side checks for a catch in the gear. The advantage of this system is that the fishing operation data can be collected without interfering with the fishermen's usual work. The prototype of the system was tested at a conger-eel tube fishery in Tokyo Bay and was able to record data on the time, the location and the catch of individual conger-eel tubes successfully. 相似文献
55.
Kotaro Kikuchi Takeshi Furuta Haruo Ishizuka Toshiharu Yanagawa 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2007,38(3):427-434
Two 12‐wk rearing experiments were conducted to examine the effect of rearing salinities of 10–35 ppt on the growth of 3‐ and 170‐g‐size tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes. Fish were reared in a closed recirculation system without introducing fresh culture water at 23 C and were fed commercial pellet diet for tiger puffer twice or three times daily to apparent satiation each, almost everyday. Growth of 3‐g‐size fish seemed to increase with decreasing salinity; however, there were no significant differences in the specific growth rate and weight gain among treatments because of differences in initial body weight. Final body weight and length of fish reared at 10 ppt were significantly higher than those for fish reared at 30 ppt although initial sizes were similar. Differences were not found for the feed efficiency (FE) and daily feed consumption. Apparent relationships were not observed between salinity and blood characteristics or proximate compositions of muscle of the cultured fish. Differing from smaller fish, growth of 170‐g‐size fish tended to decrease with decreasing salinity from 30 to 10 ppt and with increasing salinity from 30 to 35 ppt. Similar trends for FE were observed. 相似文献
56.
Ryuya Takanashi Wataru Ishihara Kei Sawata Yuzou Sano Tomonori Azuma Mitsunori Mori Akio Koizumi Yoshihisa Sasaki Takuro Hirai 《Journal of Wood Science》2014,60(3):186-193
In order to investigate shear failure surface of decayed wood, wood pieces of ezomatsu (Picea jezoensis) were exposed to brown-rot fungus (Fomitopsis palustris), and standard shear test in radial plane was conducted. The failure surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy and surface roughness measurements were also conducted. Transwall failure that the crack elongated parallel to the tracheid axis was observed in the earlywood region through all phases of decay. Intrawall failure principally occurred in the latewood region on the early phase of decay. When decay progressed considerably, transwall failure that the crack elongated perpendicularly to the tracheid axis occurred. And transwall failure was also dominant failure morphology in the latewood region. Fragments of tracheids which were partly peeled out from S2 layers were observed in some specimens. Size and appearance frequency of fragments of tracheid were smaller and lower when decay progressed. Arithmetic average roughness, which was the index of fragment size and appearance frequency, had positive correlation to shear strength ratio. Especially, line surface roughness of radial direction, which was measured across the radial files of tracheid, had the highest correlation to the shear strength ratio. The surface roughness would be a good indicator to evaluate the decay degree. 相似文献