Urine hemojuvelin in cats with naturally occurring kidney disease     

Hwei Jing  Wei-Li Hsu  Vin-Cent Wu  Han-Ju Tsai  Shang-Feng Tsai  Pei-Shiue Jason Tsai  Tai-Shuan Lai  Ya-Jane Lee 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(3):1222-1230

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Substitution of Chaetoceros muelleri by Spirulina platensis meal in diets for Litopenaeus schmitti larvae     

Barbarito J. Jaime-Ceballos  Alfredo Hernndez-Llamas  Tsai Garcia-Galano  Humberto Villarreal 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,260(1-4):215-220

The nutritional response of Litopenaeus schmitti larvae to substitution of Chaetoceros muelleri by Spirulina platensis meal (SPM) was evaluated. The substitution levels (S) were 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, dry weight basis. Final larval length (FL) ranged from 1.98 to 3.16 mm for the different substitution levels. There was a significant relationship between S and FL, described by the following quadratic equation: FL = 2.853 + 0.01598S − 0.000233S². The substitution level (S) yielding maximum FL was 34.2%. Development index (DI) values ranged from 2.84 to 3.93 and were dependent on substitution level. The corresponding equation was DI = 3.799 + 0.00945S − 0.000189S² (P < 0.01). Maximum DI was obtained at 25.0% substitution. Survival was high (82–87%) and no significant differences were found between treatments. Protein digestibility of either microalgae was high, with 92% for SPM and 94% for C. muelleri, with no significant differences between them. The results in this study indicate that an adequate balance of nutrients in relation to the requirements of the species is critical. To simultaneously improve FL and DI, a 30% substitution of C. muelleri by SPM is suggested. This is equivalent to feeding 0.15 mg larvae^− 1 day^− 1 dry weight basis of a 70% C. muelleri/30% SPM diet, representing 0.078 mg protein larvae^− 1 day^− 1, 0.026 mg lipids larvae^− 1 day^− 1 and 2.732 J larvae^− 1 day^− 1.  相似文献   

Genetic Characterization of Brazilian Annual <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arachis</Emphasis> Species from Sections <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arachis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heteranthae</Emphasis> using RAPD Markers     

Silvana?CresteEmail author  Siu?Mui?Tsai  José?F.?M.?Valls  Marcos?A.?Gimenes  Catalina?Romero?Lopes 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(8):1079-1086

The genus Arachis is divided into nine taxonomic sections. Section Arachis is composed of annual and perennial species, while section Heteranthae has only annual species. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic relationships among 15 Brazilian annual accessions from Arachis and Heteranthae using RAPD markers. Twenty-seven primers were tested, of which nine produced unique fingerprintings for all the accessions studied. A total of 88 polymorphic fragments were scored and the number of fragments per primer varied from 6 to 17 with a mean of 9.8. Two specific markers were identified for species with 2n = 18 chromosomes. The phenogram derived from the RAPD data corroborated the morphological classification. The bootstrap analysis divided the genotypes into two significant clusters. The first cluster contained all the section Arachis species, and the accessions within it were grouped based upon the presence or absence of the ‘A’ pair and the number of chromosomes. The second cluster grouped all accessions belonging to section Heteranthae.  相似文献   

Quercetin and rutin reduced the bioavailability of cyclosporine from Neoral, an immunosuppressant, through activating P-glycoprotein and CYP 3A4     

Yu CP  Wu PP  Hou YC  Lin SP  Tsai SY  Chen CT  Chao PD 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4644-4648

Quercetin and rutin are popular flavonoids in plant foods, herbs, and dietary supplements. Cyclosporine (CSP), an immunosuppressant with a narrow therapeutic window, is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P-450 3A4 (CYP3A4). This study investigated the effects of quercetin and rutin on CSP pharmacokinetics from Neoral and relevant mechanisms. Rats were orally administered Neoral with and without quercetin or rutin. The blood CSP concentration was assayed by a specific monoclonal fluorescence polarization immunoassay. The results showed that quercetin and rutin significantly decreased the C(max) of CSP by 67.8 and 63.2% and reduced the AUC(0-540) by 43.3 and 57.2%, respectively. The in vitro studies indicated that the quercetin and rutin induced the functions of P-gp and CYP3A4. In conclusion, quercetin and rutin decreased the bioavailability of CSP through activating P-gp and CYP3A. Transplant patients treated with Neoral should avoid concurrent consumption of quercetin or rutin to minimize the risk of allograft rejection.  相似文献   

Structure and function relationship study of allium organosulfur compounds on upregulating the pi class of glutathione S-transferase expression     

Tsai CW  Liu KL  Lin CY  Chen HW  Lii CK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(7):3398-3405

Allium organosulfides are potential chemopreventive compounds due to their effectiveness on the induction of phase II detoxification enzyme expression. In this study, we examined the structure and function relationship among various alk(en)yl sulfides on the expression of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP) in rat Clone 9 cells, and what mechanism is involved. Cells were treated with 300 μM dipropyl sulfide (DPS), dipropyl disulfide (DPDS), propyl methyl sulfide (PMS), and propyl methyl disulfide (PMDS) for 48 h. DPDS and PMDS displayed more potency on GSTP protein and mRNA induction than that of DPS and PMS. Next, we compared the effectiveness of DPDS, PMDS, and diallyl disulfide (DADS), which have the same number of sulfur atoms but differ in the side alk(en)yl groups. The maximum increases on protein expression, mRNA level, and enzyme activity were noted in cells treated with DADS, followed by DPDS and PMDS. A reporter assay showed that three disulfides increased GSTP enhancer I (GPE I) activity (P < 0.05) in the order DADS > DPDS ≥ PMDS. Electromobility gel shift assays showed that the DNA binding of GPE I to nuclear proteins reached a maximum at 1 to 3 h after alk(en)yl disulfide treatment. Supershift assay revealed that c-jun bound to GPE I. Silencing of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 2 expression inhibited c-jun activation and GSTP induction. Results suggest that both the type of alk(en)yl groups and number of sulfur atoms are determining factors of allium organosulfides on inducing GSTP expression, and it is likely related to the ERK-c-Jun-GPE I pathway.  相似文献   

Effect of nanogrinding on the pigment and bioactivity of Djulis ( Chenopodium formosanum Koidz.)     

Tsai PJ  Chen YS  Sheu CH  Chen CY 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(5):1814-1820

Betanin is an antioxidant pigment found in djulis, a grain native to Taiwan, and is a natural source food coloring, but the bright red color degrades rapidly if submitted to light, heat, or oxygen. The effects of nanogrinding on the stability of pigments and bioactive components are unknown. In this study, the color characteristics and bioactivity (antioxidant capacity and enzyme activity) of nanoparticle (NP) djulis was compared with those of intact granules (IG) and microparticles (MP). Results showed that the NP samples exhibited the highest betanin content (2.04 mg/g), which was almost twice that of IG. It was observed that nanogrinding resulted in higher pigment extraction efficiency. However, during storage (5-35 °C for 56 days), NP samples showed the most serious pigment degradation, and this color degradation, as expected, had the lowest activation energy. This was more evident when the storage temperature was high. Antioxidant capacities showed the same trends. MP and NP exhibited significantly higher activity of superoxide dismutaste-like activity, lactoperoxidase (LPO), and lysozyme than IG. Gel permeation chromatography confirmed the degradation of larger particles during nanogrinding, which might favor enzyme extraction and their activities. Statistical analysis revealed a close relationship between betanin and antioxidant capacity.  相似文献   

Genetic variation in resistance of turkeys to experimental infection with Newcastle disease virus.     

H J Tsai  Y M Saif  K E Nestor  D A Emmerson  R A Patterson 《Avian diseases》1992,36(3):561-565

Seven hundred eighty male and female turkeys representing four genetic lines were challenged in four experiments with the Texas GB strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The lines of turkeys included two randombred control lines (RBC1 and RBC2), a subline (E) of RBC1 selected for increased egg production, and a subline (F) of RBC2 selected for increased 16-week body weight. Mortality in turkeys of subline F (32.5%) was significantly higher than that in turkeys of line RBC2 (15.8%), subline E (17.5%), and line RBC1 (18.4%). At the end of each experiment, surviving birds were tested for antibody to NDV using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Turkeys of subline E and line RBC1 had significantly lower ELISA antibody titers than those of subline F and line RBC2. Subline F had the highest HI antibody titers, followed in decreasing order by lines RBC2 and RBC1 and subline E. No apparent correlation was found between antibody response and mortality after NDV challenge.  相似文献   

Starch-deficient maize mutant lacking adenosine dephosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase activity   总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24  

C Y Tsai  O E Nelson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,151(708):341-343

The maize mutant shrunken-2 synthesizes only 25 to 30 percent as much starch as normal maize; it completely lacks adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase activity in both endosperm and embryo tissue. Identification of the mutant block indicates that the greater portion of starch in the endosperm of normal maize is synthesized by way of enzyme systems that utilize adenosine diphosphate glucose as a substrate, and that the latter is formed chiefly by adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase.  相似文献   

Impact of acid fog and ozone on coastal red spruce     

R. Jagels  J. Carlisle  R. Cunningham  S. Serreze  P. Tsai 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1989,48(1-2):193-208

High levels of ozone and acidic fog have been measured along the coast of Maine, U.S.A. Some of the ozone and nitrate are a consequence of direct transport from East Coast metropolitan centers, but we discuss evidence supporting N₂O₅, and perhaps ozone, generation at forested sites from NO_x precursors. Fogs with pH below 3.3 occur with greatest frequency in the mid-coast region. Ozone is consistently highest along the southwest coast, but peak hourly averages are often highest in the mid-coast. Historical evidence suggests an increase in fog acidity and nitrate levels, but no change in sulphate within the past 48 years. Red spruce with decline symptoms can be observed from the south-coast to mid-coast region, with the greatest symptom development in the mid-coast. Trees in the mid-coast on soils with high base saturation and Ca/Al ratios develop symptoms of late winter injury (reddening and casting of current year needles in late winter and spring). Trees on poorer soils develop chlorosis on upper surfaces of older needles. Nutrient analysis of soils and foliage reveals differences between stressed and unstressed sites. Scanning electron microscopy of needle surfaces also reveals response differences between pollutant stressed and unstressed trees. Hypotheses and research directions are discussed.  相似文献   

Fire retardancy and CO/CO2 emission of intumescent coatings on thin plywood panel with waterborne vinyl acetate-acrylic resin     

Chih-Shen Chuang  Te-Hsin Yang  Kuang-Chung Tsai  Tsung-Yao Tseng  Ming-Kuang Wang 《Wood Science and Technology》2013,47(2):353-367

Using intumescent coatings on wood-based materials is an effective method for fire safety. Previous studies have demonstrated that the formulation of components strongly influences the performance of coatings. This study investigated the effect of intumescent formulation of vinyl acetate-acrylic coating on flame retardancy of plywood. The fire retardancy of materials was assessed by both heat release and CO and CO₂ emissions. The CO and CO₂ emissions have not been used frequently to rank materials; the highly toxic CO and CO₂ may cause most fire fatalities. The fire retardancy of coatings on plywood was assessed by a cone calorimeter. Total heat release and time to peak heat release rate were the two primary parameters. The data show that low contents of binder resin (BR) and foam producing substance (FPS) decreased total heat release and lengthened time to peak heat release rate. Additionally, low BR and FPS content can form an ideal char layer. The ideal char layer significantly decreased the CO and CO₂ emission. The mechanism to achieve better fire performance was verified by thermogravimetrical analysis exhibiting lower weight loss. Moreover, evaluated by ³¹P NMR, the low BR and FPS content can extend the survival duration of phosphor-carbonaceous chars. The results provide information for designing vinyl acetate-acrylic emulsion coating.  相似文献