Tocopherols and tocotrienols in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries during ripening     

Andersson SC  Rumpunen K  Johansson E  Olsson ME 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6701-6706

Sea buckthorn berries ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) are used in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. They are of particular interest for their high content of healthy phytochemicals, including vitamin E-related compounds (tocopherols and tocotrienols). This study investigated the content of tocopherols and tocotrienols during ripening in berries from four cultivars of sea buckthorn over a three-year period. The results showed large variations in tocopherols and tocotrienols depending on harvest date, cultivar, and year. Levels of alpha-tocopherol were higher early in the ripening period, while at later dates, delta-tocopherol levels increased. Great differences in amounts and composition of tocopherols and tocotrienols were observed between cultivars. Tocopherol levels were positively correlated with daily temperature, but this trend varied between years. Variations in tocopherols and tocotrienol levels in sea buckthorn berries due to cultivar, year, and ripening stage should therefore be considered in the production of nutritional products.  相似文献   

Indicator development in sustainability impact assessment: balancing theory and practice     

Helga Pülzl  Irina Prokofieva  Staffan Berg  Ewald Rametsteiner  Filip Aggestam  Bernhard Wolfslehner 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(1):35-46

In this article, the development and operationalisation of forestry-wood chain indicators within the frame of sustainability impact assessment are discussed. The analytical framework follows a distinction between indicator definition and selection in a first phase, and a second operational phase of indicator application in terms of interconnecting material flows, calculation of chain performance and utilisation within evaluation components. A clear boundary drawing effort in terms of the development of indicator definitions, related subclasses, and measurement units as well as the creation of conversion factors between indicator values and individual chain stages supports this. Economic, social and environmental indicators have to respond to data collection needs on individual process levels (that correspond to sub-divisions of the forestry-wood chain). For the usage of indicators within evaluation tools, a functional hierarchy has to be provided that supports clear preference elicitation as well as information on related externalities. In total, this paper aims at demonstrating an enhanced spectrum in the use of sustainability indicators, and the challenges that arise from a developing and applying multi-functional indicators in sustainability impact assessment.  相似文献   

Antioxidant levels and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vitro by extracts from organically and conventionally cultivated strawberries     

Olsson ME  Andersson CS  Oredsson S  Berglund RH  Gustavsson KE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(4):1248-1255

The effects of extracts from five cultivars of strawberries on the proliferation of colon cancer cells HT29 and breast cancer cells MCF-7 were investigated, and possible correlations with the levels of several antioxidants were analyzed. In addition, the effects of organic cultivation compared to conventional cultivation on the content of antioxidants in the strawberries and strawberry extracts on the cancer cell proliferation were investigated. The ratio of ascorbate to dehydroascorbate was significantly higher in the organically cultivated strawberries. The strawberry extracts decreased the proliferation of both HT29 cells and MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent way. The inhibitory effect for the highest concentration of the extracts was in the range of 41-63% (average 53%) inhibition compared to controls for the HT29 cells and 26-56% (average 43%) for MCF-7 cells. The extracts from organically grown strawberries had a higher antiproliferative activity for both cell types at the highest concentration than the conventionally grown, and this might indicate a higher content of secondary metabolites with anticarcinogenic properties in the organically grown strawberries. For HT29 cells, there was a negative correlation at the highest extract concentration between the content of ascorbate or vitamin C and cancer cell proliferation, whereas for MCF-7 cells, a high ratio of ascorbate to dehydroascorbate correlated with a higher inhibition of cell proliferation at the second highest concentration. The significance of the effect of ascorbate on cancer cell proliferation might lie in a synergistic action with other compounds.  相似文献   

Attitudes of hunters, locals, and the general public in Sweden now that the wolves are back   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Göran Ericsson 《Biological conservation》2003,111(2):149-159

The wolf population in Scandinavia has increased from functionally extinct to about 100 wolves since the 1970s. In 2001 we surveyed four groups of Swedes to analyze the relationship between experience, knowledge, and people's attitude toward wolves. Although all groups support the right of wolves to exist, Swedes who live in areas where wolves have been restored have more negative attitudes than the general public. Attitudes toward wolves are not strong among the general public, thus changes are possible. Experience with wolf predation leads to more negative attitudes toward wolves. Hunters in areas with wolves have the most accurate knowledge about wolves but at the same time the most negative attitudes. But within all four groups as knowledge increases attitudes become more positive. Still, the most knowledgeable local hunters have less favorable attitudes than the least knowledgeable members of the general public. High proportions of the population do not care about wolves which makes it difficult to reach them with information, but does make them susceptible to rapid changes if wolves become a media topic. With the restoration of wolves, hunters, the strongest supporters of wolves in the 1970s, are now less supportive than the general public.  相似文献   

Crown transparency, tree mortality and stem growth of Pinus sylvestris, and colonization of Tomicus piniperda after an outbreak of Gremmeniella abietina     

Ulf Sikström  Staffan JacobsonFolke Pettersson  Jan Weslien 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(12):2108-2119

In the year 2000, large areas of forest in Sweden, mainly 30-50 year old Pinus sylvestris (L.) stands, were attacked by the fungus Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet. The aims of this study were to investigate: (i) the relationship between G. abietina-induced tree crown transparency (CT) and P. sylvestris (L.) tree mortality; (ii) the influence of CT levels on stem growth; (iii) the recovery of the crown; and (iv) the association of CT and colonization by Tomicus piniperda (L.). Thirty-five permanent sample plots were established in five P. sylvestris stands (38-46 years old), infested by G. abietina, and 23 plots in four reference stands, not obviously infested.During the 5 years following the attack, the total mortality amounted to 454 trees ha⁻¹ and 7.8 m² ha⁻¹, on average, in the five infested stands, corresponding to 42% of the trees and 34% of the basal area at the time of the attack. Most of the mortality occurred within 2 years of the attack. The mortality of individual trees (2002-2005) was found to be related to the crown transparency (CT), the position of needle loss within the crown and the tree diameter at breast height. Based on our modeling, the probability of mortality was substantially increased if the initial CT-value was higher than 85%.Growth reductions were detected for individual trees with an initial CT of >c. 40%. In contrast, trees with a low initial CT (<c. 40%) were not affected and even exhibited increased growth. In the five infested stands, the reductions in basal area and volume increment were estimated to be 26-58%, and, 42-73%, respectively, during the five growing seasons after the attacks.The trees in the infested stands that were still alive in spring 2005 had started to recover in terms of CT. Breeding of T. piniperda on the P. sylvestris (L.) stems occurred almost exclusively on stems with a CT > 90%.The data from this study suggest that when a P. sylvestris (L.) stand has been attacked by G. abietina, trees with a CT above 80% should be felled; the remaining trees will have a high probability of survival and resistance to successful breeding by the T. piniperda.  相似文献   

Studies on Apple Bruising: I. Estimation of Incidence and Susceptibility Differences in the Bruising of Three Apple Cultivars     

N.-A. Ericsson  I. I. Tahir 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):209-213

Abstract

Bruising in “Aroma”, “Cox's Orange Pippin” and “Ingrid Marie” apples grown in a Swedish research orchard were studied during two seasons—1992, 1993. Incidence was recorded by dropping fruits from 0, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 30 cm. Bruising increased with increasing drop heights, and dropping from higher than 10 cm caused more large bruise areas. The diameter of some bruise areas increased during storage for 2 months. Aroma was the more sensitive cultivar and Cox's Orange Pippin was the more resistive against bruising.

In order to compare bruise quantifying methods, we studied number, diameter, weight and volume of bruise. We found that the bruise weight parameter ((bruise weight/fruit weight) × 100) was the most accurate method owing to the correspondence between this parameter and impact energy.  相似文献   

Die forstlichen Verhältnisse des Großfürstentums Finnland     

Bernhard Ericsson 《European Journal of Forest Research》1896,18(7):389-397

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Effects of aluminium on growth and nutrition in birch seedlings under magnesium- or calcium-limiting growth conditions     

Tom Ericsson  Anders Gransson  George Gobran 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1998,161(6):653-660

Growth and nutrition of birch seedlings (Betula pendula Roth) with and without 0.5 mM Al³⁺ were studied. The seedlings were cultivated at growth-limiting Mg- or Ca-conditions by adding one of these elements at relative addition rates (R_Mg, R_Ca) of 0.15 day^?1. The concentration of Ca²⁺ in the Mg-limited treatments was 0.01.0.1 or 1 mM and Mg²⁺ was given in equal molarities in the Ca-limited treatments. The relative growth rates, R_G, of the plants and plant parts attained values close to R_Mg or R_Ca and were not affected by the concentration of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ or Al³⁺ in the culture solution. Uptake of Ca, at Ca-limitation, increased significantly in the roots after addition of Al, and decreased in all plant parts when the Mg concentration of the culture solution was raised. Less clear effects were found on Mg uptake at Mg-limitation. The inhibitory effect of Al on Mg uptake decreased with time as a result of the growth technique. The root mass fraction was significantly larger in plants limited in Ca (24%) than in plants limited in Mg (20%). The usefulness in using the balance between Ca and Al or ratios between Ca, Mg, K and Al as diagnostic tools for assessing the nutritional status of trees is discussed.  相似文献   

Effects of Enalapril on Exercise Tolerance and Longevity in Dogs With Heart Failure Produced by Iatrogenic Mitral Regurgitation   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Robert L. Hamlin  Antonio M. Benitz  Glenn F. Ericsson  Sam Cifelli  Carolyn P. Daurio 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1996,10(2):85-87

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of enalapril on exercise capacity and longevity in dogs with left-sided heart failure produced by iatrogenic mitral regurgitation. After surgical creation of mitral regurgitation, 18 dogs were allocated into replicates according to exercise capacities. One dog in each replicate received placebo, and the other received 0.5 mg/kg of enalapril sid for 9 days and bid thereafter. Exercise tolerance was studied after 10, 19, 52 to 53, and 80 to 81 days, respectively. Finally, the percentage of dogs in each group that survived 357 days was compared. The duration of exercise for dogs in the placebo and enalapril groups did not differ at baseline ( P> .1) or after 19 days (P > .1). Dogs that received enalapril had significantly reduced (P < .0011 exercise tolerance at day 10, and significantly increased (P = .002) exercise tolerance at days 52 to 53 and 80 to 81 when compared with controls. At 357 days, 22% of dogs receiving placebo were alive, compared with 67% of dogs receiving enalapril; however, these differences were not statistically significant (P = .124). This study shows that enalapril increases exercise tolerance in dogs with left-sided heart failure induced by iatrogenic mitral regurgitation. J Vet Intern Med 1996;10:85–87. Copyright © 1996 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine .  相似文献   

Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models—Evaluation,review and challenges for implementation          下载免费PDF全文

J Rasmus Nielsen  Staffan Waldo 《Fish and Fisheries》2018,19(1):1-29

Marine ecosystems evolve under many interconnected and area‐specific pressures. To fulfil society's intensifying and diversifying needs while ensuring ecologically sustainable development, more effective marine spatial planning and broader‐scope management of marine resources is necessary. Integrated ecological–economic fisheries models (IEEFMs) of marine systems are needed to evaluate impacts and sustainability of potential management actions and understand, and anticipate ecological, economic and social dynamics at a range of scales from local to national and regional. To make these models most effective, it is important to determine how model characteristics and methods of communicating results influence the model implementation, the nature of the advice that can be provided and the impact on decisions taken by managers. This article presents a global review and comparative evaluation of 35 IEEFMs applied to marine fisheries and marine ecosystem resources to identify the characteristics that determine their usefulness, effectiveness and implementation. The focus is on fully integrated models that allow for feedbacks between ecological and human processes although not all the models reviewed achieve that. Modellers must invest more time to make models user friendly and to participate in management fora where models and model results can be explained and discussed. Such involvement is beneficial to all parties, leading to improvement of mo‐dels and more effective implementation of advice, but demands substantial resources which must be built into the governance process. It takes time to develop effective processes for using IEEFMs requiring a long‐term commitment to integrating multidisciplinary modelling advice into management decision‐making.  相似文献