Connected to death: the (unexpurgated) mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis     

Spierings D  McStay G  Saleh M  Bender C  Chipuk J  Maurer U  Green DR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5745):66-67

The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis in vertebrates is dependent on the process of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of proteins from the mitochondrial intermembrane space into the cytosol. "Upstairs" of this event are the Bcl-2 family proteins that regulate and mediate MOMP; "downstairs" is the activation of caspases that orchestrate the dismantling of the cell. In the Connections Map database at Science's Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment (STKE), the pathways that define the mitochondrial pathway of apotosis are illustrated, with the bulk of control occurring "upstairs" of MOMP.  相似文献   

Studies on triploid oysters in Australia: farming potential of all-triploid Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), in Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J A Nell  & B Perkins 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(6):530-536

Triploid Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas farmed in Port Stephens, NSW had an exceptionally fast growth rate and reached a whole weight of 55 g in 13 months versus 20 months for diploids. Mortality of the triploids (24.5±2.94%) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of the diploids (40.0±2.26%) over the duration of the experiment (July 2002–February 2004). Unfortunately, this advantage was offset by discoloration of the meats of the triploids when they were in better condition than the diploids over summer (October 2003–March 2004). However, discoloration of meat of triploids had cleared up by April 2004 and neither did they suffer this problem from April–September 2003. The triploids also had a lower peak condition than the diploids. Oysters in peak meat condition, i.e. spawning condition, are preferred for the half shell trade in Australia and in this study, there was at least a six‐month period prior to discoloration, when the triploids were large enough and had sufficient meat condition for marketing on the half shell.  相似文献   

Evaluation of progeny of fourth generation Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850) breeding lines     

John A Nell  & Ben Perkins 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(8):753-757

The progeny of four 4th generation Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850) breeding lines that were selected for fast growth were compared in a 3‐year farming experiment. Oysters of the most improved breeding line (line 2) reached market size (≥50‐g whole weight) 15 months earlier than non‐selected control oysters (3 years and 5 months). The average reduction in time to market size for oysters of all four breeding lines was 12.5 months.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the progeny of the fourth‐generation Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850) breeding lines for resistance to QX disease (Marteilia sydneyi) and winter mortality (Bonamia roughleyi)     

Michael C Dove  John A Nell  Wayne A O'Connor 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1791-1800

The Sydney rock oyster breeding programme began in 1990 and initially focused on faster growth and resistance to winter mortality disease (WM, Bonamia roughleyi) before including QX disease (QX, Marteilia sydneyi) resistance in 1997. Four generations of oysters have now been exposed to these diseases at three sites in the Georges River, NSW, Australia (Lime Kiln Bar, LKB; Woolooware Bay, WB; and, Quibray Bay, QB). Non‐selected control oysters and lines developed at each site (Line 1 – LKB, Line 2 – WB, Line 3 – QB) were placed at the three sites alongside a new QX‐resistant line (Line 4) bred from QX survivors in other NSW estuaries. Line 1 oysters grew to a marketable size (>50 g) in two years with minimal losses following QX disease outbreaks: 28% mortality compared with 97% in controls. Losses in Line 3 oysters selected for WM resistance at QB were reduced by more than half (23% versus 52%). Line 2 performed best at WB, but this line showed excellent resistance to QX at LKB and WM at QB, indicating that breeding for resistance to both diseases is effective. However, selection of oysters for QX did not confer resistance to WM and vice versa.  相似文献   

Effect of Glomus mosseae on concentrations of rosmarinic and caffeic acids and essential oil compounds in basil inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. basilici     

J.‐P. Toussaint  M. Kraml  M. Nell  S. E. Smith  F. A. Smith  S. Steinkellner  C. Schmiderer  H. Vierheilig  J. Novak 《Plant pathology》2008,57(6):1109-1116

This study investigated the potential of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus mosseae to protect basil (Ocimum basilicum) against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. basilici (Fob). It was hypothesised that G. mosseae could confer a bioprotective effect against Fob as a result of increases in leaf rosmarinic (RA) and caffeic acids (CA) or essential oil concentrations. Glomus mosseae conferred a bioprotective effect against Fob by reducing plant mortality to 20% compared to 33% in non‐mycorrhizal (NM) plants. This bioprotective effect was not related to improved phosphorus (P) nutrition, as AM and NM plants treated with Fob had similar shoot P concentrations (6 and 8 mg g^?1 dry weight (DW), respectively). Both AM and NM plants treated with Fob had similar leaf and root RA and CA concentrations. Furthermore, phenolic (40–70 mg CA g^?1 DW) or essential oil concentrations (0·1–0·6 mg g^?1 DW) were not increased in plants treated with the AM fungus and Fob. Therefore, the bioprotective effect conferred by G. mosseae was not a result of increases in the phytochemicals tested in this study. However, under the AM symbiosis, basil plants treated with Fob had lower methyleugenol concentrations in their leaves (0·1 mg g^?1 DW) than NM plants treated with the pathogen (0·6 mg g^?1 DW).  相似文献   

Conformational analysis of the fungicide fenpropimorph by molecular mechanics calculations and NMR spectroscopy     

Jette Sandholm Jensen  Flemming S. Jrgensen  Per D. Klemmensen  Uli Hacksel  Ingrid Pettersson 《Pest management science》1992,36(3):309-318

Fenpropimorph is an inhibitor of Δ8→Δ7-isomerase and Δ14-reductase in fungi and cycloeucalenol-obtusifoliol-isomerase and Δ8→Δ7-isomerase in higher plants. A detailed conformational analysis of the most potent enantiomer (S)-fenpropimorph is described. The conformational analysis is based on three different methods: molecular mechanics calculations. NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. In solution several conformations coexist. The molecular mechanics calculations using MM2(85) show a folded conformation of the unprotonated form of fenpropimorph to be stabilized by at least 3 kcal mol^?1 relative to the next lowest energy conformer, suggesting only one conformation of fenpropimorph to be present. A corresponding stabilization of the protonated form (5.4 kcal mol^?1) is obtained. However, this stabilization is found partly to be due to attractive steric interactions and may be a phenomenon occurring only in vacuum. In the solid state, fenpropimorph exists in an L-shaped conformation resembling one of the low-energy conformers obtained with MM2(85). Based on comparison with the natural substrate, a totally extended conformation of fenpropimorph is suggested to be the biologically active conformation for interaction with the Δ8 → Δ7-isomerase in fungi.  相似文献   

Giving credit to university's contributions     

Ahl AN 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(7):963

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Comparison of vedaprofen and meloxicam in dogs with musculoskeletal pain and inflammation     

Nell T  Bergman J  Hoeijmakers M  Van Laar P  Horspool LJ 《The Journal of small animal practice》2002,43(5):208-212

In this randomised, multicentre clinical study, dogs with musculoskeletal pain and inflammation were treated with either vedaprofen or meloxicam administered orally at the recommended dose rates. Clinical examinations were carried out regularly and clinical severity scores assigned. In total, 214 cases (73 acute, 141 chronic) were evaluated. Treatment with vedaprofen and meloxicam was continued for 14 and 17 days, respectively, in the acute cases, and 38 and 39 days in the chronic cases. NSAID treatment resulted in a significant improvement in clinical scores. The overall response to treatment ('responders') at the final clinical examination was 89 per cent and 87 per cent in the acute cases and 72 per cent and 65 per cent in the chronic cases in the vedaprofen and meloxicam groups, respectively. Mild transient gastrointestinal signs were observed in both groups (11 per cent vedaprofen, 12 per cent meloxicam). Adverse effects related to NSAIDs resulted in treatment cessation in 5 per cent of the dogs in each group. Vedaprofen and meloxicam were efficacious in, and well tolerated by, most of the dogs in the study.  相似文献   

Treatment with chlorine dioxide extends the vase life of selected cut flowers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andrew J. Macnish  Ria T. Leonard  Terril A. Nell 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2008,50(2-3):197-207

The accumulation of bacteria in vase water is often associated with premature senescence in many cut flower species. In the present study, we tested the efficacy of aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) to extend flower display life by preventing the build-up of bacteria in vase solutions. The addition of 2 or 10 μL L⁻¹ ClO₂ to clean deionized water extended the vase life of Alstroemeria peruviana ‘Senna’, Antirrhinum majus ‘Potomic Pink’, Dianthus caryophyllus ‘Pasha’, Gerbera jamesonii ‘Monarch’, Gypsophila paniculata ‘Crystal’ and ‘Perfecta’, Lilium asiaticum ‘Vermeer’, Matthiola incana ‘Ruby Red’ and Rosa hybrida ‘Charlotte’ flowers by 0.9–13.4 d (7–77%) relative to control (i.e. 0 μL L⁻¹ ClO₂) stems. The beneficial effects of ClO₂ treatment were associated with a reduction in the accumulation of aerobic bacteria in vase water and on cut surfaces of flower stems. ClO₂ treatment was also effective in maintaining or extending the vase life of A. majus ‘Potomic Pink’, Dendrathema × grandiflorum ‘Albatron’, G. paniculata ‘Perfecta’ and M. incana ‘Ruby Red’ flowers even when stems were placed into water containing 10¹¹ CFU L⁻¹ bacteria. The efficacy of 10 μL L⁻¹ ClO₂ in vase water containing 0.2 g L⁻¹ citric acid and 10 g L⁻¹ sucrose to extend the display life of G. jamesonii ‘Lorca’ and ‘Vilassar’ flowers was equal to or greater than other tested biocides (i.e. aluminum sulfate, dichloroisocyanuric acid, 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate, Physan 20™, sodium hypochlorite). Taken collectively, the results of the present study highlight the potential of aqueous ClO₂ for use as an alternative antibacterial agent in flower vase solutions.  相似文献   

Expression of somatic embryogenesis-related genes in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)     

Maulidiya  Ahdatu Uli Khikamil  Sugiharto  Bambang  Dewanti  Parawita  Handoyo  Tri 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2020,23(3):207-214

Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - The low frequency of plantlet regenerates from the somatic embryogenesis (SE) callus in sugarcane becomes a problem to produce its seed. Plant growth...  相似文献