Geleitwort     

Ulrich Ammer 《European Journal of Forest Research》1977,96(1):2-2

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Milk flow and udder health in cows after treatment of covered teat injuries via theloresectoscopy: 52 cases (2000-2002)     

Bleul UT  Schwantag SC  Bachofner C  Hässig MR  Kähn WK 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,226(7):1119-1123

OBJECTIVE: To determine milk flow, somatic cell counts (SCCs), and the incidence of clinical mastitis in cows that had undergone theloresectoscopy for treatment of teat stenosis caused by mucosal detachment in the region of the streak canal or Fürstenberg's rosette. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 52 cows with teat stenosis that were treated via theloresectoscopy. PROCEDURE: Medical records of eligible cows were reviewed. Additional data regarding milking ease, SCC, development of clinical mastitis of the affected gland, and whether the cow remained in the herd were collected via owner-completed questionnaires. RESULTS: 49 of 52 questionnaires were completed. At referral, teat sinusitis was diagnosed in 29 of 52 cows. Milk flow was normal in 38 of 41 treated teats at discharge and in 24 of 40 during the next lactation. Thirteen of 49 cows were culled during the next lactation because of abnormal udder health. High SCC and teat sinusitis at referral and development of clinical mastitis during the 10-day period after surgery resulted in high SCCs in the remainder of the current lactation. The incidence of clinical mastitis during the remainder of the current and during the next lactation was higher in cows that had teat sinusitis at the time of surgery, compared with those that did not. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Teat stenoses resulting from mucosal lesions in the region of the streak canal or Fürstenberg's rosette may be successfully treated via theloresectoscopy. Inflammation of the teat sinus and gland at the time of surgery may adversely affect udder health.  相似文献   

Six-month prophylactic efficacy of moxidectin sustained release (SR) injectable for dogs against experimental heartworm infection in growing puppies   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Lok JB  Washabau RJ  Heaney K  Nolan TJ  Hendrick MJ  Neumann NR  Ulrich M 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,133(2-3):233-241

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of moxidectin sustained release injectable for dogs (moxidectin SR, Fort Dodge Animal Health) in protecting growing puppies from experimental infection with the heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, six months after treatment. The study involved 27 puppies, approximately 12 weeks of age at the beginning of the study, with nine puppies in each of three size classes. The small breed class included eight Pekingese and one purpose-bred small breed mongrel; the medium breed class included nine purpose-bred mongrels, and the large breed class included nine puppies with an anticipated adult weight >or=30-35 kg. Both genders were included with no attempt made to have equal numbers of male and female puppies. Puppies were blocked by weight within each size class and randomly assigned to three treatment groups of nine dogs. On Day 0, pups in two groups were injected subcutaneously with moxidectin SR, dosed to deliver 0.17 mg moxidectin/kg b.w. The third group was injected with sterile saline. Personnel making observations were blinded to the treatment status of the animals. Following treatment, puppies were observed for signs of adverse local and systemic reactions. Puppy weights and serum moxidectin levels were also monitored. On Day 180, puppies in all treatment groups were inoculated subcutaneously with 50 third-stage larvae of D. immitis. On Days 348 and 349, puppies were euthanatized and necropsied. Hearts and lungs were examined for adult heartworms. All animals in the saline control group were infected with an arithmetic mean of 39.22 adult heartworms each. Seventeen of 18 dogs in the moxidectin SR-treated groups were uninfected. One treated puppy was infected with a single adult heartworm. This infected individual was from the large breed size class and had the second highest percent increase in body weight. Based on arithmetic means, the heartworm recovery from all treated puppies represents a 99.86% reduction relative to the saline control. There were no adverse local or systemic reactions to treatment in any animal.  相似文献   

Histologic classification as a prognostic criterion for canine lymphosarcoma   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R E Weller  C A Holmberg  G H Theilen  B R Madewell 《American journal of veterinary research》1980,41(8):1310-1314

Neoplastic tissues from 72 dogs with lymphosarcoma were histologically classified according to the Rappaport schema to determine if the histologic features of the disease had any clinical or prognostic importance. Of 72 dogs, lymphosarcomas in 7 were classified as nodular (9.7%) and 65 were classified as diffuse (90.3%). The two principal cytologic types were lymphocytic, poorly differentiated, and histiocytic, which composed 39% and 56% of the lymphosarcomas, respectively; whereas lymphocytic, well differentiated, mixed, and undifferentiated composed 6%. Clinically, all of the dogs were stage III or IV, according to the accepted criteria for canine lymphosarcoma. The overall complete remission rate was 64% and was defined as no clinical evidence of disease after 9 weeks of chemotherapy. Median remission among nodular histiocytic, diffuse lymphocytic, poorly differentiated, and diffuse histiocytic (DH) groups of dogs was 42 days, 29 days, and 42 days (range, 0 to 1,095), respectively. Median survival for the same groups was 235 days, 190 days, and 173 days (range, 1 to 1,261), respectively. A logarithmic analysis of variance revealed no significant differences among nodular histiocytic, diffuse lymphocytic, poorly differentiated, and DH groups relative to days remission, as well as to days survival. It was observed that those dogs with neoplasms classified as DH had longer remission durations. It would appear that for any one animal, histologic classification according to the Rappaport schema cannot be used as a prognostic criterion in predicting therapeutic response, remission, or survival.  相似文献   

Preface     

R. Ulrich 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1969,19(1-3):i-v

Sans résumé

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Preface

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Stickstoffumsatz in einigen obstbaulich genutzten Böden Südwestdeutschlands     

F. Weller 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1983,146(2):261-270

Nitrogen turnover in some orchard soils of South West Germany Investigations in several orchards in South West Germany led to the following results: The actual content of mineral nitrogen as well as the rate of mineralization showed a marked dependence on the nature of soil, weather and soil management. Frequently the rate of mineralization had a distinct annual course following soil temperature. During summer additional oscillations partially were related to water and air contents of the soils. As a rule under old sward the rate of mineralization was distinctly higher than in the same soil being cultivated or treated with herbicides. Under mulched sod not only higher rates of mineralization, but also distinctly higher actual contents of mineral nitrogen could be found as compared with data under cropped sod. This ran parallel with higher nitrogen supplies to the trees and distinctly higher yields, but also with a worse storage quality of the fruits and conspicuously increased wash-out rates of nitrate (provided that manuring was continued with the primary amount of nitrogen). The total content of soil nitrogen depended much more on the method of soil management (swarded or not swarded) than on the amount of nitrogen fertilizers. It seems that the total nitrogen content of a soil tends towards a certain level corresponding to the conditions of site and soil managements and that this level cannot be raised constantly by manuring. From these results the following conclusions for practical fruit growing can be drawn: With modern forms of commercial fruit growing using mulched sward for soil management the nitrogen output is much less than with cultivating the same soil as arable land or intensive grassland. Due to cropping of the grass in former times nitrogen deficiency of fruit trees was not unusual, but since the grass under the trees has been mulched there is more danger of excessive nitrogen supply if manuring has been left as it was. Unlike the situation known of sand cultures with low nitrogen reserves in orchards with high mineralization rates the time of manuring is not of great consequence.  相似文献   

Contribution of non-agricultural pesticides to pesticide load in surface water     

Skark C  Zullei-Seibert N  Willme U  Gatzemann U  Schlett C 《Pest management science》2004,60(6):525-530

Two small creeks, tributaries of the River Ruhr near Schwerte, Federal Republic of Germany, were investigated to reveal the regional agricultural and non-agricultural sources of pesticide inputs and the main pathways to surface water. In addition, the receiving water was monitored for pesticides. The watersheds are situated at the northern margin of the Rhenian Schiefergebirge, a highland landscape in North-Rhine-Westphalia. Solid carboniferous shale is covered by a shallow layer of quaternary unconsolidated rock (porous aquifer thickness <5 m). Occurrence of herbicides such as chlortoluron, isoproturon and terbuthylazine in surface water could be due to their broad agricultural application in regional dominant crops, such as barley, wheat and maize. Occurrence of diuron and glyphosate results from their use in residential settlements and industrial areas as well as from weed control on railway tracks. Atrazine concentrations up to 0.8 microg litre(-1) indicated recent use of this herbicide, which has been banned since 1991, and was also the result of non-agricultural applications. Pathways for pesticide input to the receiving waters were related to both surface run-off and underground passage. Two-thirds of the observed diuron load in the surface water resulted from an input by run-off. This was expected as a result of total herbicide application targets to sealed surfaces infringing current regulations and recommendations. Diuron load varied between 0.6 and 1.2% of the estimated amount applied annually in the investigated catchments. Non-agricultural pesticide use contributed more than two-thirds of the whole observed pesticide load in the tributaries and at least one-third in the River Ruhr.  相似文献   

Drilling to gabbro in intact ocean crust     

Wilson DS  Teagle DA  Alt JC  Banerjee NR  Umino S  Miyashita S  Acton GD  Anma R  Barr SR  Belghoul A  Carlut J  Christie DM  Coggon RM  Cooper KM  Cordier C  Crispini L  Durand SR  Einaudi F  Galli L  Gao Y  Geldmacher J  Gilbert LA  Hayman NW  Herrero-Bervera E  Hirano N  Holter S  Ingle S  Jiang S  Kalberkamp U  Kerneklian M  Koepke J  Laverne C  Vasquez HL  Maclennan J  Morgan S  Neo N  Nichols HJ  Park SH  Reichow MK  Sakuyama T  Sano T  Sandwell R  Scheibner B  Smith-Duque CE  Swift SA  Tartarotti P  Tikku AA  Tominaga M  Veloso EA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5776):1016-1020

Sampling an intact sequence of oceanic crust through lavas, dikes, and gabbros is necessary to advance the understanding of the formation and evolution of crust formed at mid-ocean ridges, but it has been an elusive goal of scientific ocean drilling for decades. Recent drilling in the eastern Pacific Ocean in Hole 1256D reached gabbro within seismic layer 2, 1157 meters into crust formed at a superfast spreading rate. The gabbros are the crystallized melt lenses that formed beneath a mid-ocean ridge. The depth at which gabbro was reached confirms predictions extrapolated from seismic experiments at modern mid-ocean ridges: Melt lenses occur at shallower depths at faster spreading rates. The gabbros intrude metamorphosed sheeted dikes and have compositions similar to the overlying lavas, precluding formation of the cumulate lower oceanic crust from melt lenses so far penetrated by Hole 1256D.  相似文献   

Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response     

Liu PT  Stenger S  Li H  Wenzel L  Tan BH  Krutzik SR  Ochoa MT  Schauber J  Wu K  Meinken C  Kamen DL  Wagner M  Bals R  Steinmeyer A  Zügel U  Gallo RL  Eisenberg D  Hewison M  Hollis BW  Adams JS  Bloom BR  Modlin RL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5768):1770-1773

In innate immune responses, activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers direct antimicrobial activity against intracellular bacteria, which in murine, but not human, monocytes and macrophages is mediated principally by nitric oxide. We report here that TLR activation of human macrophages up-regulated expression of the vitamin D receptor and the vitamin D-1-hydroxylase genes, leading to induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin and killing of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We also observed that sera from African-American individuals, known to have increased susceptibility to tuberculosis, had low 25-hydroxyvitamin D and were inefficient in supporting cathelicidin messenger RNA induction. These data support a link between TLRs and vitamin D-mediated innate immunity and suggest that differences in ability of human populations to produce vitamin D may contribute to susceptibility to microbial infection.  相似文献   

Generation of gut-homing IgA-secreting B cells by intestinal dendritic cells     

Mora JR  Iwata M  Eksteen B  Song SY  Junt T  Senman B  Otipoby KL  Yokota A  Takeuchi H  Ricciardi-Castagnoli P  Rajewsky K  Adams DH  von Andrian UH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5802):1157-1160

Normal intestinal mucosa contains abundant immunoglobulin A (IgA)-secreting cells, which are generated from B cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). We show that dendritic cells (DC) from GALT induce T cell-independent expression of IgA and gut-homing receptors on B cells. GALT-DC-derived retinoic acid (RA) alone conferred gut tropism but could not promote IgA secretion. However, RA potently synergized with GALT-DC-derived interleukin-6 (IL-6) or IL-5 to induce IgA secretion. Consequently, mice deficient in the RA precursor vitamin A lacked IgA-secreting cells in the small intestine. Thus, GALT-DC shape mucosal immunity by modulating B cell migration and effector activity through synergistically acting mediators.  相似文献