QTL mapping of the domestication traits pre-harvest sprouting and dormancy in wheat (<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Triticum aestivum L.</Emphasis>)     

Ulrike?LohwasserEmail author  Marion?S.?R?der  Andreas?B?rner 《Euphytica》2005,143(3):247-249

A set of 75 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of the ITMI mapping population was grown under field conditions in Gatersleben. The lines were evaluated for the domestication traits pre-harvest sprouting and dormancy (germinability). Main QTLs could be localized for pre-harvest sprouting on chromosome 4AL and dormancy on chromosome 3AL. In addition, 85 Triticum aestivum cv. “Chinese Spring”-Aegilops tauschii introgression lines grown under greenhouse conditions were researched. No QTL could be found for pre-harvest sprouting but a major QTL could be detected for dormancy on chromosome 6DL.  相似文献   

Genese und Klassifikation von Organomarschen der Wesermarsch     

Luise Giani  Ulrike Kücks  Mareike Straatmann 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》1997,160(1):15-20

Formation and classification of humus-rich marshland soils of the Weser marshland, Germany The formation and classification of marshland soils are still controversial. To improve the knowledge on the formation of humus-rich marshland soils 11 soil profiles have been investigated. The soils mostly showed Phragmitis in the subsoil. The Gr-horizons began at low depths (40–60 cm). The clay content was often about 60% and the C_org content up to 480 g kg^?1. The amount of total sulfur was up to 29.6 g kg^?1, that of exchangeable sulfate up to 4608 mg kg^?1 and that of sulfate in the saturation extract 51.2 mg l^?1. With pH (H₂O) values between 2.0 and 7.4, Carbonate/S ratios < 3 and total sulfur contents > 7.5 g kg^?1 some soils showed “Actual Acid Sulfate Soil” (AASS) properties. The pH(per) values varied between 2.4 and 7.1, thus some profiles showed “Potential Acid Sulfate Soils” (PASS) properties. Brakish as well as marine environments with an intensive sulfur dynamics and carbonate leaching are likely within the geogenetic phase of soil development. Via the control of the water regime the pedogenetic phase is mainly of anthropogenic influence. We propose to classify humus-rich marshland soils into “Organomarsch” and “Thiomarsch” on the soil type level of the German systematics.  相似文献   

GlyR alpha3: an essential target for spinal PGE2-mediated inflammatory pain sensitization     

Harvey RJ  Depner UB  Wässle H  Ahmadi S  Heindl C  Reinold H  Smart TG  Harvey K  Schütz B  Abo-Salem OM  Zimmer A  Poisbeau P  Welzl H  Wolfer DP  Betz H  Zeilhofer HU  Müller U 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5672):884-887

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a crucial mediator of inflammatory pain sensitization. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of a specific glycine receptor subtype (GlyR alpha3) by PGE2-induced receptor phosphorylation underlies central inflammatory pain sensitization. We show that GlyR alpha3 is distinctly expressed in superficial layers of the spinal cord dorsal horn. Mice deficient in GlyR alpha3 not only lack the inhibition of glycinergic neurotransmission by PGE2 seen in wild-type mice but also show a reduction in pain sensitization induced by spinal PGE2 injection or peripheral inflammation. Thus, GlyR alpha3 may provide a previously unrecognized molecular target in pain therapy.  相似文献   

Flood or drought: how do aerosols affect precipitation?   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Rosenfeld D  Lohmann U  Raga GB  O'Dowd CD  Kulmala M  Fuzzi S  Reissell A  Andreae MO 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,321(5894):1309-1313

Aerosols serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thus have a substantial effect on cloud properties and the initiation of precipitation. Large concentrations of human-made aerosols have been reported to both decrease and increase rainfall as a result of their radiative and CCN activities. At one extreme, pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds. On the other hand, heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur, if they can form at all given the reduced surface heating resulting from the aerosol haze layer. We propose a conceptual model that explains this apparent dichotomy.  相似文献   

Feline cerebrovascular disease: clinical and histopathologic findings in 16 cats     

Altay UM  Skerritt GC  Hilbe M  Ehrensperger F  Steffen F 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(2):89-97

Sixteen cats with cerebrovascular disease confirmed via histology to be of nontraumatic and nonneoplastic origins are described. In addition, the anatomy of the arterial supply of the cat's brain is reviewed. It is suggested that this unique arterial design may influence the incidence of cerebrovascular accidents in this species. Of the 16 cats reviewed, seven cats had ischemic infarctions, five had hemorrhagic infarctions, and four were diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage. The median age was 8 yr and 9.5 yr in cats with infarctions and intracranial hemorrhages, respectively. Clinical signs were severe, acute, consistent with the localization of the cerebrovascular lesion, and influenced by underlying pathology. Four cats with infarction showed lateralized neurologic signs. Four cats with infarctions were diagnosed with pulmonary disease antemortem and three cats had hyperthyroidism. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and computed tomography scans were available in two cats. None of the infarctions were grossly visible. All cats with hemorrhagic infarcts had severe liver pathology and nephritis was identified in four cats. Hypoxia was a feature in four cats and one cat suffered cardiac failure. In conclusion, the clinical picture is influenced by the type of cerebrovascular disease, the localization of the intracranial lesions, and any underlying pathology.  相似文献   

Guild composition and habitat use of voles in 2 forest landscapes in south‐eastern Norway     

Lucrezia GORINI  John D. C. LINNELL  Luigi BOITANI  Ulrike HAUPTMANN  Morten ODDEN  Per WEGGE  Erlend B. NILSEN 《Integrative zoology》2011,6(4):299-310

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Nuclear export of microRNA precursors   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Lund E  Güttinger S  Calado A  Dahlberg JE  Kutay U 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5654):95-98

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Infection of endothelial cells with Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophilum     

Munderloh UG  Lynch MJ  Herron MJ  Palmer AT  Kurtti TJ  Nelson RD  Goodman JL 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,101(1):53-64

Anaplasma marginale and A. phagocytophilum are obligate intracellular, tick-borne pathogens that target erythrocytes and neutrophil granulocytes, respectively. Because ticks do not directly tap blood vessels, an intermediate tissue may mediate infection of blood cells. We considered that vascular endothelium interacts with circulating blood cells in vivo, and could be involved in pathogenesis and dissemination of the organisms. We used light and electron microscopy and immune labeling to show that A. phagocytophilum invaded rhesus (RF/6A), human (HMEC-1, MVEC), as well as bovine (BCE C/D-1b) endothelial cell lines, whereas A. marginale infected rhesus and bovine endothelial cells. A. marginale formed large intracellular inclusions that appeared smooth and solid at first, and subsequently coalesced into discrete granules. A. phagocytophilum formed numerous smaller inclusions in each cell. Within 1-3 weeks, the monolayers were destroyed, and lysed cultures were diluted onto fresh monolayers. Electron microscopy demonstrated uneven distribution of A. marginale inside large inclusions, with reticulated forms grouped more tightly than denser cells, whereas in A. phagocytophilum individual organisms appeared more evenly spaced. Specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies both labeled A. marginale and A. phagocytophilum in endothelial cells, and oligonucleotide primers complimentary to either A. marginale or A. phagocytophilum amplified their expected target from these cultures. In conclusion, we demonstrate that relevant microvascular endothelium is susceptible to anaplasmas in vitro and may present a link that could explain development of the immune response and persistent infection.  相似文献   

Pflanzen‐mikroben‐interaktionen und c/n‐Stoffumsetzungsprozesse in der rhizosphäre: Aufklärung und quantifizierung     

Jürgen Augustin  Wolfgang Merbach  Rainer Remus  Ulrike Münchmeyer 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):287-305

Bis in jüngste Zeit war unklar, ob den in der Rhizosphäre, der Grenzschicht zwischen dem pflanzlichen Wurzelsystem und dem Boden, ablaufenden Vorgängen tatsächlich Relevanz für die C/N‐Umsetzungsprozesse auf ökosystemarer Ebene zukommt. Zielstellung eigener Arbeiten war es daher, auf der Grundlage von Tracern (¹⁴C, ¹⁵N) und immunologischen Techniken (DAS‐ELISA) Verfahren zur entwickeln und zu testen, die zur Klärung dieser Fragestellung beitragen. Wie ^l4C‐Impulsmarkierungsexperimente ergaben, werden bereits im Verlauf der Ontogenese beträchtliche Mengen des neu assimilierten Kohlenstoffs in die organische Bodensubstanz eingebaut (bei Sommerweizen zwischen 51 und 410% und bei Schilf 21% des Wurzel‐C). Mit Hilfe von DAS‐ELISA ausgeführte Studien ließen einen sehr differenzierten Einfluß von Getreidearten und ‐Sorten auf die Besiedlung der Rhizosphäre mit dem phytoeffektiven Bakterienstamm Pantoea agglomérons D5/23 erkennen. In überstautem Niedermoortorf bewirkte die Anwesenheit von Sumpfpflanzen (Schilf, Rohrglanzgras) eine beschleunigte Umsetzung von ¹⁵N‐markiertem Nitrat zu den gasförmigen Denitrifikationsprodukten N₂O und N₂.  相似文献   

Undulatory fish swimming: from muscles to flow     

Ulrike K. Müller  & Johan L. van Leeuwen 《Fish and Fisheries》2006,7(2):84-103

Undulatory swimming is employed by many fish for routine swimming and extended sprints. In this biomechanical review, we address two questions: (i) how the fish's axial muscles power swimming; and (ii) how the fish's body and fins generate thrust. Fish have adapted the morphology of their axial musculature for high power output and efficiency. All but the superficial muscle fibres are arranged along curved trajectories, and the myomeres form nested cones. Two conflicting performance goals shape the fibre trajectories of the axial muscles. Maximum power output requires that all fibres contract uniformly. In a bending fish, uniform contraction in a single myomere can be ensured by curved fibre trajectories. However, uniform strain is only desirable if all muscle fibres have the same contractile properties. The fish needs several muscle‐fibre types that generate maximum power at different contraction speeds to ensure effective muscle power generation across a range of swimming speeds. Consequently, these different muscle‐fibre types are better served by non‐uniform contractions. High power output at a range of swimming speeds requires that muscle fibres with the same contractile properties contract uniformly. The ensuing helical fibre trajectories require cone‐shaped myomeres to reduce wasteful internal deformation of the entire muscle when it contracts. It can be shown that the cone‐shaped myomeres of fish can be explained by two design criteria: uniform contraction (uniform strain hypothesis) and minimal internal deformation (mechanical stability hypothesis). So far, only the latter hypothesis has found strong support. The contracting muscle causes the fish body to undulate. These body undulations interact with the surrounding water to generate thrust. The resulting flow behind the swimming fish forms vortex rings, whose arrangement reflects the fish's swimming performance. Anguilliform swimmers shed individual vortex rings during steady swimming. Carangiform swimmers shed a connected chain of vortex rings. The currently available sections through the total flow fields are often not an honest representation of the total momentum in the water – the wake of carangiform swimmers shows a net backward momentum without the fish accelerating – suggesting that our current picture of the generated flow is incomplete. To accelerate, undulatory swimmers decrease the angle of the vortex rings with the mean path of motion, which is consistent with an increased rate of backward momentum transfer. Carangiform swimmers also enlarge their vortex rings to accelerate and to swim at a higher speed, while eel, which are anguilliform swimmers, shed stronger vortex rings.  相似文献