Zusammenhänge zwischen den neuartigen Fichtenschäden und dem Auftreten tierischer Schädlinge,insbesondere Nematoden     

Ursula Timans 《European Journal of Forest Research》1986,105(1):471-477

Zusammenfassung In verschiedenen Gebieten Bayerns, die von den neuartigen Fichtensch?den betroffen sind, wurden gesch?digte, aber auch noch intakte Fichten auf einen Befall durch Schadinsekten und insbesondere durch pflanzenparasit?re Nematoden untersucht. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen forstsch?dlichen Insekten und den Fichtensch?den konnte weder bei gro?fl?chigen Beobachtungen noch bei Untersuchungen von einzelnen B?umen festgestellt werden. Die nematologischen Untersuchungen wurden anhand von Boden- und Holzproben sowie an Feinwurzeln gesch?digter und ungesch?digter Fichten durchgeführt. Weder im Stammholz noch in den Feinwurzeln konnten pflanzenparasit?re Nematoden nachgewiesen werden. In den Bodenproben waren zwar meist phytophage Nematoden vorhanden, jedoch in so geringer Anzahl, da? eine direkte Sch?digung der Fichten ausgeschlossen werden konnte. Au?erdem waren die Nematoden sowohl bei gesch?digten wie bei ungesch?digten Fichten gleicherma?en vertreten. Demnach k?nnen pflanzenparasit?re Nematoden als (Mit-)Verursacher der neuartigen Fichtensch?den ausgeschlossen werden.

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Connection between the decline of spruce and occurrence of animal pests, especially nematodes

Summary In various regions of Bavaria, affected by the decline of spruce, attack by insects and especially nematodes was examined on diseased and healthy spruces. A connection between harmful forest insects and the decline of spruce did not become evident, neither over wide areas nor by examination of single trees. Attack by nematodes was examined in soil and wood samples and also in fine feeder roots of diseased and healthy trees. Plant-parasitic nematodes were not found in the wood and in feeder roots. Although root-parasitic nematodes were present in soil samples, their density was too little to account for a direct damage to spruce. They occurred likewise in samples from healthy and diseased trees. Plant-parasitic nematodes can thus be excluded as a possible causal agent for the decline of spruce.

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Herrn Prof. Dr.W. Schwenke, Leiter des Lehrstuhls für angewandte Zoologie, München, zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) north of the Swiss alps     

M. Bissegger  Ursula Heiniger 《Forest Pathology》1991,21(4):250-252

Chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) was found in several stands in the Swiss plateau. At each site only one or two compatibility (vc) groups were present. The vc-group I was the most common. At a heavily infested site also young oaks (Quercus petraea) were infected.  相似文献   

Einfluß der sauren Beregnung und Kalkung auf die Nematodenfauna     

Ursula Timans 《European Journal of Forest Research》1986,105(1):335-337

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Analysis of Canadian and Irish forage,oats and commercially available equine concentrate feed for pathogenic fungi and mycotoxins     

Buckley T  Creighton A  Fogarty U 《Irish veterinary journal》2007,60(4):231-236

Respiratory infections, recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) are major causes of poor performance in horses. Fungi and mycotoxins are now recognised as a major cause of these conditions. The most notable fungi are Aspergillus and Fusarium. Fungal spores can originate from forage, bedding and feed and, in turn, these fungal spores can produce a series of mycotoxins as secondary metabolites.This study set out to ascertain the degree of fungal and mycotoxin contamination in feed and fodder used in Irish racing yards over a one-year period. Weather conditions in forage producing areas were sampled by Met Eireann and the Canadian Meteorological Service.Fifty per cent of Irish hay, 37% of haylage and 13% of Canadian hay contained pathogenic fungi. Of the mycotoxins, T2 and zearalenone were most prominent. Twenty-one per cent of Irish hay and 16% of pelleted feed contained zearalenone. Forty per cent of oats and 54% of pelleted feed contained T2 toxins.  相似文献   

Effects of genetic and environmental factors on chronic lower airway disease in horses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ramseyer A  Gaillard C  Burger D  Straub R  Jost U  Boog C  Marti E  Gerber V 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(1):149-156

Background : Environment and genetics influence the manifestation of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), but the associations of specific factors with mild, moderate, and severe clinical signs are unknown.
Hypothesis : We hypothesized that sire, feed, bedding, time outdoors, sex, and age are associated with clinical manifestations of mild, moderate, and severe lower airway disease.
Animals : Direct offspring of 2 RAO-affected Warmblood stallions (F1S1, n = 172; F1S2, n = 135); maternal half-siblings of F1S1 (mHSS1, n = 66); and an age-matched, randomly chosen control group (CG, n = 33).
Methods : A standardized questionnaire was used to assess potential risk factors and to establish a horse owner assessed respiratory signs index (HOARSI 1–4, from healthy to severe) according to clinical signs of lower airway disease.
Results : More F1S1 and F1S2 horses showed moderate to severe clinical signs (HOARSI 3 and HOARSI 4 combined, 29.6 and 27.3%, respectively) compared with CG and mHSS1 horses (9.1 and 6.2%, respectively; contingency table overall test, P < .001). Sire, hay feeding, and age (in decreasing order of strength) were associated with more severe clinical signs (higher HOARSI), more frequent coughing, and nasal discharge.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance : There is a genetic predisposition and lesser but also marked effects of hay feeding and age on the manifestation of moderate to severe clinical signs, most markedly on coughing frequency. In contrast, mild clinical signs were not associated with sire or hay feeding in our populations.  相似文献   

The veterinary education program of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria     

Kunzel W  Schober UM 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2004,31(3):222-226

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Evaluation of transdermal morphine and fentanyl pluronic lecithin organogel administration in dogs     

Krotscheck U  Boothe DM  Boothe HW 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2004,5(3):202-211

Transdermal administration of morphine and fentanyl using a pluronic lecithin organogel was evaluated in dogs. IV administration of morphine and fentanyl resulted in therapeutic serum drug concentrations. Following transdermal administration, however, median serum drug concentrations were never above the limit of quantitation for morphine or fentanyl. These findings indicate that use ofa pluronic lecithin organogel for transdermal administration of morphine or fentanyl cannot be justified.  相似文献   

Effects of treatment with and without adjuvant radiation therapy on recurrence of ocular and adnexal squamous cell carcinoma in horses: 157 cases (1985-2002)     

Mosunic CB  Moore PA  Carmicheal KP  Chandler MJ  Vidyashankar A  Zhao Y  Roberts RE  Dietrich UM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,225(11):1733-1738

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of treatment with and without adjuvant radiation therapy on recurrence of ocular and adnexal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at specific anatomic locations in horses. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 91 horses. PROCEDURES: Medical records of horses with histologically confirmed ocular and adnexal SCC evaluated from 1985 to 2002 were reviewed. Sex, breed, age, type of treatment, location, and recurrence of SCC were recorded. Two treatment groups determined by recurrence of SCCs treated with and without adjuvant radiation therapy were established. RESULTS: The anatomic site with the highest recurrence rate was the limbus (junction of the cornea and sclera) or bulbar conjunctiva (477%), independent of treatment group. There was a significant difference in recurrence rates of ocular and adnexal SCCs between the 2 treatment groups, independent of anatomic location. Recurrence rates of SCCs treated with and without adjuvant radiation therapy were 11.9% and 44.1%, respectively. Recurrence rates for SCCs of the eyelid, limbus or bulbar conjunctiva, and cornea treated with adjuvant radiation therapy were significantly different from those for SCCs treated without adjuvant radiation therapy. The most frequently represented anatomic site for ocular and adnexal SCCs was the eyelid (28.7%). Coat color, breed, and the interaction of age and breed had a significant effect on tumor recurrence regardless of treatment type and anatomic location. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that ocular and adnexal SCCs treated with adjuvant radiation therapy had a significantly lower recurrence rate, compared with SCCs treated without adjuvant radiation therapy, independent of anatomic location.  相似文献   

Development of a monitoring program for antibiotic resistance in bacteria from Swiss food-producing animals     

Ledergerber U  Regula G  Stephan R  Danuser J  Stärk KD 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(9-10):423-429

Resistant bacteria from food-producing animals may compromise the success of antibiotic treatment in animals and in humans. Therefore, the level of antibiotic resistance in bacteria from farm animals and its development over time needs to be monitored. In Switzerland, a monitoring program for antibiotic resistance is currently being developed. Pilot-monitoring programs were conducted in selected animal species in order to obtain current data on antibiotic resistance. The data on the prevalence of bacteria and antibiotic resistance in poultry were used to optimize the sampling plan. The influence of sampling more farms compared to sampling more animals per farm on the prevalence estimate for antibiotic resistance was analyzed by a Monte Carlo simulation model. Accounting for the costs for sample collection, transportation and laboratory analysis of the samples, the number of samples to be taken at the respective step in the production line was optimized. Optimization was defined as maximizing the precision of the prevalence estimate while minimizing the costs. The model will be expanded to other bacterial and animal species in the future.  相似文献   

Evaluation of a technique of inducing hypertensive renal insufficiency in cats     

Mathur S  Brown CA  Dietrich UM  Munday JS  Newell MA  Sheldon SE  Cartier LM  Brown SA 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(7):1006-1013

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