Location choices of undocumented migrants: Does access to higher public education matter?     

Richard J. Cebula  Mpaza Kapembwa  Usha Nair‐Reichert 《Growth and change》2021,52(1):167-194

We examine the impact of differences in state‐level higher education policies on location choices of undocumented immigrants in the U.S. using six years of available data over the period 2000 to 2012. The effect of greater access to higher education on the percentage of undocumented migrants residing in a state is positive, suggesting the existence of a “higher public education magnet” effect. Among states with favorable higher education policies, undocumented migrants prefer those states with larger networks, despite the likelihood of greater competition for admission to public institutions of higher education. However, undocumented migrants are reluctant to locate in states that have both large networks and unfavorable educational policies. This is possibly because the fear of attracting additional restrictive regulations dominates the positive cost‐saving effect of large networks.  相似文献   

Effect of supplementation of blue green alga (Spirulina) on outcome of pregnancy in rats     

Rashmi Kapoor  Usha Mehta 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1993,43(1):29-35

To study the supplementary effect of Spirulina, pregnant rats were fed 5 different kinds of diets (casein, Spirulina, wheat gluten, Spirulina + wheat gluten, Spirulina-without additional vitamins and minerals), each providing 22% protein during the period of pregnancy. The outcome of pregnancy was assessed from litter and dams' weight and litter size. Maternal weight gain was found to be maximum with Spirulina + wheat gluten and least with the wheat gluten diet. Rats receiving Spirulina containing diets produced significantly (p<0.05) higher litter size than those receiving casein and wheat gluten. In spite of having higher litter size, Spirulina containing diet groups produced pups with birth weights comparable to those of casein. Spirulina appears to be a good dietary supplement during pregnancy.  相似文献   

Molecular characterization and variability analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apple scar skin viroid</Emphasis> in India     

Yashika Walia  Yogesh Kumar  Tanuja Rana  Pooja Bhardwaj  Raja Ram  Pritam Das Thakur  Usha Sharma  Vipin Hallan  A. A. Zaidi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(4):307-311

Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) infection is a major limitation to apple fruit quality and causes huge economic losses. In surveys of apple orchards in the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, fruits with dappling symptoms were noticed. ASSVd was detected from these fruits and molecularly characterized. Ten clones from three isolates were sequenced, of which seven were new sequence variants of ASSVd. The clones had significant sequence variability (94–100%) with each other. Variability was more common in the pathogenic domain of the viroid genome. Four of the clones were 330 nucleotides (nt) long, and the other six had an additional nucleotide. Phylogenetic analysis showed close affinity of the present isolates with some Chinese and Korean isolates. The study reports seven new variants of ASSVd and also provides the first molecular evidence of viroid infection (ASSVd) in apple in India.  相似文献   

An efficient method for extraction of astaxanthin from green alga Haematococcus pluvialis     

Sarada R  Vidhyavathi R  Usha D  Ravishankar GA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(20):7585-7588

Haematococcus pluvialis is one of the potent organisms for production of astaxanthin, a high value ketocarotenoid. Astaxanthin is accumulated in thick-walled cyst cells of Haematococcus. The thick cell wall is made up of sporopollenin-like material, algaenan, which hinders solvent extraction of astaxanthin. In the present study, an improved method for extraction of astaxanthin without homogenization of cells is reported. Extractability of astaxanthin from cyst cells was evaluated by treating cells with various solvents and pretreating the cells with organic and mineral acids at 70 degrees C followed by acetone extraction. Hydrochloric acid treatment facilitated 86-94% extractability of astaxanthin. Treatment time, temperature, and concentration of the acid were found to be critical factors for maximum extractability. The treatment did not affect the astaxanthin ester profile and the treated cells can be preserved until further use.  相似文献   

Enzymatic treatment and use of starters for the nutrient enhancement in fermented flour of red and white varieties of finger millet (Eleusine coracana).   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

U Usha Antony  T S Chandra 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(5):2016-2019

Two varieties of finger millet (Eleusine coracana)-a tannin-containing red variety, CO13, and nontannin white variety, CO9-processed by treatment with enzymes (cellulase and hemicellulase) and fermentation with starters (from previously fermented finger millet batter), achieved the desirable goals of reduced fermentation time (12 h), increased acidity (2.2 to 2.4%), enhanced in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) (14 to 26%), and mineral availability compared to 48 h uncontrolled natural fermentation (Usha Antony and Chandra, 1998). Fermentation with starters alone increased titratable acidity (1.02 to 1.88%), IVPD (5. 5 to 22%) and mineral availability, and decreased phytate (23 to 26%) and tannin (10.8 to 40.5%) in the millets. Enzymatic treatment (3 h, 50 degrees C) did not significantly alter the pH, phytate, tannins, IVPD, or HCl-mineral extractability but enhanced fermentative changes. Overall, the changes were marked when the 48 h starter was used and the improvements in nutrient availability was greater in the CO13 variety.  相似文献   

Effects of lysine on dough and protein quality of whole wheat meal chapatis and leavened bread     

K A Tara  M S Usha  G S Bains 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1972,20(1):116-118

  相似文献   

Modulating sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway rescues photoreceptor degeneration     

Acharya U  Patel S  Koundakjian E  Nagashima K  Han X  Acharya JK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5613):1740-1743

Mutations in proteins of the Drosophila phototransduction cascade, a prototypic guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptor signaling system, lead to retinal degeneration and have been used as models to understand human degenerative disorders. Here, modulating the sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway rescued retinal degeneration in Drosophila mutants. Targeted expression of Drosophila neutral ceramidase rescued retinal degeneration in arrestin and phospholipase C mutants. Decreasing flux through the de novo sphingolipid biosynthetic pathway also suppressed degeneration in these mutants. Both genetic backgrounds modulated the endocytic machinery because they suppressed defects in a dynamin mutant. Suppression of degeneration in arrestin mutant flies expressing ceramidase correlated with a decrease in ceramide levels. Thus, enzymes of sphingolipid metabolism may be suitable targets in the therapeutic management of retinal degeneration.  相似文献   

Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air of Buildings in Nuclear Power Plants, Taiwan     

Ling-Ling Hsieh  Chih-Chung Chang  Usha Sree  Jiunn-Guang Lo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2006,170(1-4):107-121

This study investigates the composition and concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air-conditioned office space and low-level waste (LLW) repository sites of nuclear power plants located in Taiwan. Air samples were collected in the office space and technical rooms of administration buildings of the three nuclear power plants and in LLW repository site using canisters. Thirty-six toxic organic compounds including aromatics, CFCs and chlorinated hydrocarbons were identified and quantified using gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS). The results indicated that the concentrations of most determined species were similar to that in urban areas; however, the air at the LLW building contained abundant trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC-113), trichloroethylene, toluene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and CFC-12 in concentrations markedly higher than the background levels. Only toluene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were detected with low concentrations in the air of LLW repository site. In addition, comparison of the ambient air concentration at several major industries and urban atmosphere revealed that the nuclear power plants emitted and/or leaked higher concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbons among them.  相似文献   

Modification of Leaf Photosynthesis by Foliar Application of Aliphatic Alcohols   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

C. P. Malik    Parmil  Singh  Sukhvinder  Kaur  Sonali  Malik  Usha  Parmar  Manjit  Grewal D. S. Bhatia 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1990,165(2-3):198-201

A decrease in net photosynthesis (P_n) in leaves of main shoot with age ( 7 -28 days after opening) at two stages of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L. var. M-13 ) reproductive growth (70 and 90 DAS) is reported. P_n rate decreased with advance in age of leaves, the decline was rapid during peak period of pod filling (90 DAS). Foliar application with aliphatic alcohols, maintained the chlorophyll content and enhanced PEP carboxylase activity. The present studies suggest that aliphatic alcohols enhance functional capabilities of leaf for a larger duration and hence maintain the supply of photoassimilates to the developing kernels of peanut leading to increased yield.  相似文献   

Hepatic profile of Gallus gallus Linnaeus, 1758 experimentally infected by Plasmodium juxtanucleare Versiani & Gomes, 1941     

Vashist U  Falqueto AD  Lustrino D  Tunholi VM  Tunholi-Alves VM  dos Santos MA  D'Agosto M  Massard CL  Pinheiro J 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,175(3-4):207-211

One of the species that causes avian malaria is Plasmodium juxtanucleare. It is commonly found in poultry, especially when the birds receive food free of coccidiostats. Since industrial and organic poultry breeding is increasing in the world and few studies have been conducted examining the clinical parameters of both healthy and infected birds, this work evaluated whether the infection caused by P. juxtanucleare in Gallus gallus provokes alterations in the birds' hepatic profile. We analyzed the activity of ALT and AST and carried out histological analyses of liver sections of infected fowls by intracelomic inoculation with infected blood from a donor fowl with a parasite load of around 7%. The infected birds' parasite load was evaluated during 45 days by means of blood smears. There was a positive correlation between the increase in parasite load and higher ALT activity in the infected fowls, but there was no significant variation of the AST activity between the control and infected groups, possibly because of the non-specificity of this enzyme as an indicator of hepatic lesion. The results show that infection caused by P. juxtanucleare in G. gallus provokes hepatic alterations, indicated by the increase in the ALT enzyme activity and by the inflammatory infiltrates found in the liver sections of the infected fowls.  相似文献