Nutritional evaluation of the supplementary value of low-cost and locally available foods to a poor rice or ragi diet: IV. Calcium utilisation of five ragi-based combinations     

Rajammal P. Devadas  Usha Chandrasekhar  S. Premakumari 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1980,30(1):53-60

The biological availability of calcium from six ragi-based diets was studied in comparison with skim milk and calcium lactate diets. The rats on skim milk and calcium lactate diets had higher absorption values and retention values when compared with the other test diets.Of the six ragi diets tested, the basal diet with the highest cereal content also had the highest level of calcium (215 mg Ca/100 g). Diet 5 was the next best, containing 201.6 mg/100 g. Positive correlations were observed between the calcium content of the diet, and mg calcium absorbed (r=+0.80,P<0.05), mg calcium retained (r=+0.87,P<0.05) or percentage calcium retained (r=0.86,P<0.05). Among the five supplemented ragi-based diets, however, diet 5 was found to result in the highest calcium retention levels when fed to rats. This may have been due to its higher quality protein compared with the other diets. The components of this combination were, in addition to the basal ragi diet, sweet potato, field beans, sesame, drumstick leaves, ground-nut flour, and cotton-seed flour.  相似文献   

Genetic diversity among elite varieties of the aromatic grasses, Cymbopogon martinii     

N. S. Sangwan  Usha Yadav  Rajender S. Sangwan 《Euphytica》2003,130(1):117-130

The elite and popular cultivars of Cymbopogon martinii were examined for genomic and expressed molecular diversity through RAPD, enzyme and SDS-PAGE protein polymorphisms. The allelic score at each locus of the enzymes as well as presence and absence profiling in RAPDs, overall occurrence of band types etc. were subjected to computation of gene diversity, expected heterozygosity, allele number per locus, and similarity matrix. These, in turn, provide inputs to derive primary account of allelic variability, genetic bases of the cultivated germplasm, putative need for gene/trait introgression from the wild or geographically diverse habitat etc. in elite selections. ‘PRC1’ possessed highest number of unique bands based on RAPD polymorphism. In variety ‘IW31245E’, diaphorase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase isozymes generated two unique bands as dia-III ² and got-II ⁴. ‘RRL(B)77’ exhibited three unique bands; one produced by esterase as allele est-II ¹ and two by malic enzyme (me-III ^1,3). Only one unique band was generated by malic enzyme in variety ‘Trishna’. But sofia had three unique bands, two contributed by diaphorase (dia-II ³ and dia-II ⁴ and one by glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (got-II ²). SDS-PAGE analysis revealed presence of unique polypeptide fragments (97.7 kDa to 31.6 kDa) in varieties ‘IW31245E’, ‘RRL(B)77’, ‘Tripta’, ‘Trishna’, ‘PRC1’ and var. sofia, generated as a diagnostic marker. In general, molecular distinctions associated with var. motia and var. sofia have been clearly noticed in C. martinii. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Characterization of a begomovirus causing horsegram yellow mosaic disease in India     

Anburaj D. Barnabas  Girish K. Radhakrishnan  Usha Ramakrishnan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,127(1):41-51

The virus causing horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) yellow mosaic disease has been shown to be a typical Old World bipartite begomovirus. The viral origin of the disease has been established through agroinoculation of horsegram using partial tandem repeat clones of both DNA-A and DNA-B. The DNA-A genome shows less than 89% identity with the corresponding sequences of all the begomoviruses in the databases earlier to this sequence submission (AJ627904). Therefore Horsegram yellow mosaic virus (HgYMV-[IN:Coi]) can be considered to be a new species of the genus Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae). Phylogenetic analysis shows that this virus is part of the cluster of mungbean yellow mosaic viruses of legumes from South and South East Asia.  相似文献   

Diagnosis of liver diseases in cattle     

P S Ionov  B V Usha 《Veterinariia》1965,42(7):58-59

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Vapor-phase toxicity of Derris scandens Benth.-derived constituents against four stored-product pests     

Hymavathi A  Devanand P  Suresh Babu K  Sreelatha T  Pathipati UR  Madhusudana Rao J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(5):1653-1657

The vapor-phase toxicity of Derris scandens Benth.-derived constituents was evaluated against four stored-product pests ( Callosobruchus chinensis L., Sitophilus oryzae L., Rhyzopertha dominica L., and Tribolium castaneum H.) using fumigation bioassays and compared to those of commonly used insecticides. The structures of all constituents of were characterized by spectroscopic analyses [nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry]. The sensitivity of the test insect to compounds varied with exposure time, concentration, and insect species. Over 100% mortality after 24 h was achieved with the compounds osajin (2), scandinone (5), sphaerobioside (8), and genistein (9) against all of the test insects, while laxifolin (3) and lupalbigenin (4) showed 100% mortality after 72 h against T. csataneum and R. dominica . Scandenone (1), scandenin A (6), and scandenin (7) were less effective. Among the insects, C. chinensis , S. oryzae , and R. dominica were more susceptible to the treatments, whereas T. castaneum was less susceptible. The results of fumigation tests indicated that compounds from D. scandens whole plant extract are potential candidates to control stored-product pests.  相似文献   

Responses of maize × teosinte derived backcross inbred lines (BILs) to maydis leaf blight (MLB) disease     

Joshi  Anjali  Adhikari  Sneha  Singh  Narendra Kumar  Kumar  Amarjeet  Jaiswal  Jai Prakash  Pant  Usha  Singh  Rajesh Pratap 《Euphytica》2021,217(12):1-11

Euphytica - Rice growth and productivity are greatly affected by cold stress, which is likely to become more of a hindrance for high and stable rice yields. To identify cold tolerance at the...  相似文献   

Lipoxygenase Metabolites of α-linolenic Acid in the Development of Resistance in Pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp, Seedlings Against Fusarium udum Infection     

P. Uma Maheswari Devi  P. Srinivas Reddy  N.R. Usha Rani  K.J. Reddy  M. Narsa Reddy  P. Reddanna 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(9):857-865

Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity was measured in germinating pigeonpea Cajanus cajan seedlings, resistant (ICP-8863) and susceptible (ICP-2376) to wilt fungus, before and after infection with Fusarium udum. LOX activity was significantly higher in the resistant than in the susceptible cultivars of pigeonpea and was enhanced further in response to infection with Fusarium udum. This increase in LOX activity in the resistant cultivars of pigeonpea appears to be due to the induction of lipoxygenase isozymes in response to infection. Analysis of the endogenous LOX metabolites in pigeonpea seedlings revealed the predominant formation of 13-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HPODE) in healthy seedlings and 13-hydroperoxyoctadecatrienoic acid (13-HPOTrE) in infected seedlings. Further studies on the effects of LOX metabolites on the growth and multiplication of Fusarium udum showed that HPOTrEs, LOX metabolites of -linolenic acid, are more anti-fungal compared to HPODEs, LOX metabolites of linoleic acid.  相似文献   

Genetic enhancement of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) for grain mould resistance: II. Breeding for grain mould resistance     

S.S. AmbekarM.Y. Kamatar  K. GanesamurthyR.B. Ghorade  Usha SaxenaPooran Chand  B.D. JadavI.K. Das  T.G. NageshwararaoS. Audilakshmi  N. Seetharama 《Crop Protection》2011,30(7):759-764

Grain mould causes qualitative and quantitative loss to grain in sorghum. Grain mould resistance is a complex problem as grain mould is caused by complex of fungi and the resistance is governed by many traits. Breeding efforts during the last 3 decades to develop grain mould resistance in high yielding genotypes have not paid many dividends. We developed a strategy to breed for grain mould resistance in high yielding back ground. Twenty five crosses between elite lines and grain mould resistant genetic stocks (susceptible × resistant/moderately resistant and moderately resistant × resistant crosses) were evaluated in F₁, and derivatives performing superiorly for grain mould resistance in F₂-F₄ at physiological maturity were advanced. The early generation material F₂s (10) and F₃s (125) in 6 locations (representing rainy-season-sorghum growing 6 states of India where grain mould is one of the major biotic stresses), and later generations F₄s and F₅s in 3 locations (one location, Parbhani is a hot spot for grain moulds and 2 locations, Hyderabad and Coimbatore in epiphytotic conditions) were evaluated. Only 25 selections out of 384 derivatives in F₄ were superior over locations for grain mould resistance at physiological maturity and harvest maturity (Our simultaneous studies in RILs for grain mould resistance across years and locations have shown that the variation obtained for grain mould resistance at physiological maturity is genetically governed and the grain mould score further gets compounded at harvest maturity depending on rainfall received after physiological maturity). These superior lines were advanced and further evaluated in F₅ and F₆ for grain mould resistance and grain yield. During 2007, out of 25 F₅ derivatives, 12 were on par (scored 3.1-4.4) with resistant check, B 58586 (3.2 score) where as susceptible check, 296 B registered a score of 7.5. GMN nos. 41, 52, 59, and 63 performed on par with resistant check, B 58586 for grain mould resistance over 9 environments. Since we selected for grain mould resistance in early generations at physiological maturity in multi-locations, we could identify superior lines for grain mould resistance. Most of these lines are high yielding and on par with elite check, C43 for grain yield. These lines are distinct for DUS testing traits from grain mould resistant check, B 58586.  相似文献   

SCAR markers: A potential tool for authentication of herbal drugs     

Usha Kiran  Salim Khan  Khanda Jabeen Mirza  Mauji Ram  M.Z. Abdin   《Fitoterapia》2010,81(8):969-976

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) is easy to develop and simple molecular marker, but lack of reproducibility makes it less reliable for authentication of herbal drugs. Besides RAPD, other popular PCR and non-PCR based markers like AFLP, ISSR, SSR and RFLP are also used for authentication. However, these also have disadvantages like use of radioactive isotopes, high cost and absolute requirement of sequence information. Therefore, it is a better option to improve the reproducibility of RAPD by converting RAPD amplicons into Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) markers. SCAR markers are easy, reliable and reproducible thus, have an advantage over RAPD markers for authentication of medicinal herbs used in the preparation of traditional medicines. These markers however, have been developed for only a few medicinal herbs. This review is an attempt to evaluate critically the role of SCAR markers in authentication of medicinal herbs used in traditional formulations.  相似文献   

Alterations in the activity of certain enzymes in the gills of a carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Labeo rohita</Emphasis> exposed to an azo dye,Eriochrome black T: a biochemical investigation     

Ayan Srivastava  Usha Kumari  Ashwini Kumar Nigam  Swati Mittal  Ajay Kumar Mittal 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(2):629-637

In Labeo rohita exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of an azo dye, Eriochrome black T for 4 days, gills show considerable alterations in the activity of certain metabolic enzymes—alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, carboxylesterase, lactate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase; and antioxidant enzymes—catalase and peroxidase. The activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, carboxylesterase, succinate dehydrogenase, catalase, and peroxidase decline significantly. This has been associated with impaired metabolic function of the gills due to azo dye toxicity. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase, in contrast, shows a gradual increase, reflecting a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. In the fish kept for recovery for 8 days, after exposing the fish to the dye for 4 days, activity of succinate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase gradually become similar to control. Nevertheless, activity of acid phosphatase, catalase, peroxidase, and carboxylesterase, although recover gradually, remained significantly low as compared to that of control. This study signifies that the dye is highly toxic to Labeo rohita and suggests that the activity of metabolic and antioxidant enzymes can be used as biomarker for fish toxicity.  相似文献