华北土石山区森林枯落物与土壤水文效应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

塔莉  杨新兵  朱辰光  刘海翔  李生艳 《河北农业大学学报》2015,(3)

以河北省易县崇陵小流域3种不同林分的枯落物层和土壤层为研究对象,对其水文效应进行初步研究。结果表明:3种林分枯落物蓄积量差异较大,侧柏枯落物蓄积量最大,高达57.9t/hm2,油松枯落物蓄积量次之,为29.8t/hm2,刺槐枯落物蓄积量最小,是28.7t/hm2;3种林分枯落物中,侧柏林的枯落物持水能力最强,为114.5t/hm2,油松林的枯落物持最小,仅为60.1t/hm2;3种林分下土壤的平均容重和总孔隙度差别不大,容重的变化范围在1.46~1.66g/cm3;总孔隙度均偏低,具体表现为:侧柏(30.86%)油松(29.31%)刺槐(27.1%);3种林分林下土壤持水能力有所差异,表现为:侧柏油松刺槐。土壤持水能力与各林分林下土壤的孔隙度大小呈正相关,即土壤孔隙度越大,土壤的持水能力越强;3种林分的土壤稳渗速率相差较大,表现为:刺槐(10.50mm/min)油松(2.80mm/min)侧柏(0.80mm/min)。  相似文献   

西南矮马矮小性状基因SHOX的克隆测序和多态性研究     

乌尼尔夫  塔娜  孙玉江  芒来 《畜牧兽医学报》2011,42(9)

本研究首次克隆出西南马矮小性状基因完整第二外显子序列,GenBank登录号为EU556739;通过PCR-SSCP方法对8个品种150匹马的该序列做了多态性分析,在P2位点上268处有1个G→A的突变,和431处有1个T→G的突变导致了等位基因B变为等位基因A.该位点除云南文山马(WS)的优势基因型和优势等位基因分别为AB型和B外,其余类群马均为BB型和B.云南丘北马(QB)、云南文山马(WS)、云南大理马(DL)、建昌马(JC)和设特兰马(ST)在P2位点上处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态.  相似文献   

In silico structural characteristics and α-amylase inhibitory properties of Ric c 1 and Ric c 3, allergenic 2S albumins from Ricinus communis seeds     

Do Nascimento VV  Castro HC  Abreu PA  Oliveira AE  Fernandez JH  Araújo Jda S  Machado OL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4814-4821

The major Ricinus communis allergens are the 2S albumins, Ric c 1 and Ric c 3. These proteins contain a trypsin/α-amylase inhibitor family domain, suggesting that they have a role in insect resistance. In this study, we verified that Ric c 1 and Ric c 3 inhibited the α-amylase activity of Callosobruchus maculatus, Zabrotes subfasciatus, and Tenebrio molitor (TMA) larvae as well as mammalian α-amylase. The toxicity of 2S albumin was determined through its incorporation in C. maculatus larvae as part of an artificial diet. Bioassays revealed that 2S albumin reduced larval growth by 20%. We also analyzed the tridimensional structures of Ric c 1 and Ric c 3 by (a) constructing a comparative model of Ric c 1 based on Ric c 3 NMR structure and (b) constructing the theoretical structure of the Ric c 1-TMA and Ric c 3-TMA complexes. Our biological and theoretical results revealed that Ric c 1 and Ric c 3 are a new class of α-amylase inhibitors. They could potentially be used to help design inhibitors that would be useful in diverse fields, ranging from diabetes treatment to crop protection.  相似文献   

The impact of erosion on the productivity of a Ferralsol and a Cambisol in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil     

A. Tengberg  M. A. Stocking  M. Da Veiga 《Soil Use and Management》1997,13(2):90-96

Abstract. The impact of soil erosion on soil productivity was estimated for a Rhodic Ferralsol and a Eutric Cambisol in Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Over equivalent periods, total soil losses were an order of magnitude different (868 and 68 t/ha respectively on the bare soil control), yet the impact on maize yield per tonne of soil lost was far greater at the Cambisol site with less erosion. Similar interesting contrasts between sites were found for the other measures of impact with decline in pH and phosphorus and increase in free aluminium being the most obvious induced soil differences. The results demonstrate the variable nature of erosion impact according to soil type and they highlight the importance of examining a number of measures of impact before pronouncing on the sustainability of any particular agricultural practice.  相似文献   

Pharmacokinetics of bromide in adult sheep following oral and intravenous administration          下载免费PDF全文

TA Quast  MD Combs  SH Edwards 《Australian veterinary journal》2015,93(1-2):20-25

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The Oxidative Stress,Antioxidant Profile and Acid–base Status in Preterm and Term Canine Neonates          下载免费PDF全文

CI Vannucchi  D Kishi  FM Regazzi  LCG Silva  GAL Veiga  DSR Angrimani  CF Lucio  M Nichi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(2):240-246

During the initiation of neonatal pulmonary respiration, there is an exponential increase in reactive oxygen species that must be scavenged by antioxidant defences. However, neonate and preterm newborns are known to possess immature antioxidant mechanisms to neutralize these toxic effects. The purposes of this study were to compare the development of antioxidant system between preterm and term canine neonates and to evaluate the magnitude of acid–base balance during the initial 4 h of life. A prospective study was conducted involving 18 neonatal puppies assigned to Term Group (63 days of gestation; n = 5), Preterm‐57 Group (57 days of gestation; n = 8) and Preterm‐55 Group (55 days of gestation; n = 5). Neonates were physically examined through Apgar score and venous haemogasometry within 5 min, 2 and 4 h after birth. No difference on amniotic fluid and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the marker of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS) was verified. Irrespective of prematurity, all neonates presented low vitality, hypothermia, acidosis, hypoxaemia and hypercapnia at birth. However, term puppies clinically evolved more rapidly than preterm newborns. During the course of the study, premature neonates presented more severe complications, such as prolonged hypoxaemia and even death. In conclusion, premature puppies have no signs of immature enzymatic mechanisms for controlling oxidative stress, although SOD and GPx may participate in achieving acid–base balance. Aside from initial unremarkable symptoms, premature puppies should be carefully followed up, as they are at high risk of succumbing to odds of prematurity.  相似文献   

日粮中添加不同锰、锌源对肉鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响     

张海琴  闫素梅  塔娜  丁晓岚  乔良  康越 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,27(2):17-20

将216只1日龄健康艾维茵肉鸡随机分为4个处理组,试验期7周。处理组日粮分别在锰含量为37.66mg/kg、锌含量为21.87mg/kg的基础日粮中添加不同的锰源与不同的锌源,其中处理1组为无机锰 无机锌,处理2组为有机锰 无机锌,处理3组为无机锰 有机锰 无机锌,处理4组为无机锰 有机锰 无机锌 有机锌,研究不同锰、锌源对肉鸡生长性能及免疫机能的影响。结果表明,氨基酸螯合锰部分或全部替代日粮中的无机锰,肉鸡生长速度及饲料转化效率有增加的趋势,氨基酸螯合锰、锌同时替代无机锰、锌,肉鸡的生长速度显著增加(p<0.05),饲料转化率也有增加的趋势。氨基酸螯合锰、锌与无机锰、锌相比,有促进机体免疫机能的趋势。  相似文献   

Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and monensin on digestion, ruminal parameters, and balance of nitrogenous compounds of beef cattle fed diets with different starch concentrations     

João Paulo Ismério dos Santos Monnerat  Pedro Veiga Rodrigues Paulino  Edenio Detmann  Sebastião Campos Valadares Filho  Rilene Diniz Ferreira Valadares  Márcio Souza Duarte 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(5):1251-1257

This study was carried out aiming to evaluate the effects of yeast or monensin supplementation on dry matter intake, nutrients digestibility, ruminal volatile fatty acids profile, ruminal pH and ammonia concentration, microbial protein synthesis, and the balance of nitrogen compounds of cattle fed high concentrate diet (80 % dry matter (DM) basis) with two different levels of starch. Eight crossbred beef steers fitted with rumen cannula were assigned to two simultaneous 4?×?4 Latin squares arranged in a 4?×?2 factorial design. Two different starch levels (23 and 38 % of DM) were assigned to each Latin square, independently. Within each Latin square, four treatments were randomly assigned to the experimental animals (control; monensin; 1-g yeast [1 g/100 kg body weight (BW)/day] treatment; and 2.5-g yeast [2.5 g/100 kg BW/day] treatment). Feed additives did not influence ruminal pH (P?>?0.05). Total ruminal volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration was greater (P?<?0.05) in the diet with the lowest starch level. Similarly, monensin and 1-g yeast treatments resulted in greater (P?<?0.05) VFA concentration in the rumen. Monensin inclusion in the diet with the highest starch level led to a decrease (P?<?0.05) in lactate concentration in the rumen. However, acetate levels were increased (P?<?0.05) by the inclusion of 1 g of yeast in the diet with lowest starch level. Ruminal concentrations of propionate and butyrate, and ammonia-N were not influenced (P?>?0.05) by none of the additives evaluated. However, propionate concentration was greater (P?<?0.05) in the low-starch diets. Low-starch diets resulted in lower ruminal ammonia-N concentration and greater neutral detergent fiber digestibility (P?<?0.05). The excretion of urinary nitrogenous compounds, purine derivatives, synthesis of microbial protein, microbial efficiency, and balance of nitrogenous compounds were not affected by treatments evaluated (P?>?0.05). Monensin or yeast inclusion in high concentrate beef cattle diets in tropical regions as in Brazil is not justified by do not alter nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and main ruminal parameters.  相似文献   

Comparison of water‐retention functions obtained from the extended evaporation method and the standard methods sand/kaolin boxes and pressure plate extractor     

Uwe Schindler  Lothar Mueller  Milton da Veiga  Yuming Zhang  Sandro Schlindwein  Chunsheng Hu 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(4):527-534

Knowledge of the soil hydraulic functions is required for various hydrological studies and for the simulation of water and solute fluxes in unsaturated soils. Sand/kaolin boxes are frequently used to determine these properties in the low‐tension range. For higher tensions the pressure plate extractor is mainly applied. The extended evaporation method allows a more efficient determination of the water‐retention curve in an adequate range. Besides this method enables to quantify simultaneously the unsaturated hydraulic‐conductivity function. The objective of this study was to compare the water‐retention curves obtained from the standard methods (STM) with those determined with the extended evaporation method (EEM). A set of 90 natural soil samples of different texture and origin was analyzed, and the agreement between the methods was statistically evaluated. The average water‐content deviation (AWCD) of all samples was 1.83 vol.%, and the root mean square error (RMSE) 2.08 vol.%. The deviation of soil water‐storage capacity in the pore‐size classes 0–6, 6–30, 30–500, 500–1500 kPa varied between minimum –0.17 and 0.25 vol.% and maximum –2.89 and 2.36 vol.%, and confirmed the good comparability among the adopted methods. Systematic deviations between the methods were not found.  相似文献   

Intake,digestibility, performance,and carcass traits of beef cattle of different gender     

Lage IN  Paulino PV  Pires CV  Villela SD  Duarte Mde S  Valadares Filho Sde C  Paulino MF  Maia BA  Silva LH  Teixeira CR 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(2):361-367

The performance, intake, feed efficiency, and carcass traits of beef cattle from different gender profile were assessed. Fifteen animals (five steers, five spayed heifers, and five intact heifers) with ±250 kg of initial body weight were randomly assigned in individual pens and fed the same diet for 106 days. At the end of the trial, all the animals were slaughtered and the pH, temperature, and weight of the carcass were recorded. The right side of each carcass was then separated into chuck, shoulder, flank sirloin, and round for evaluation of commercial cuts yield. The left carcass sides were ribbed between the 12th and 13th ribs where the rib eye area and fat thickness measurements were taken. The 9th–11th rib section was removed from the left half carcass and then dissected into muscle, fat, and bones in order to estimate carcass composition. Gender had no effect (P > 0.05) on performance, intake, digestibility of dry matter and all the nutrients evaluated, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics. It can be concluded that steers and heifers (spayed or not) have the same potential to produce beef. From a productive and welfare standpoint, there is no reason to spay heifers.  相似文献