Description and comparison of the pupae of a further two Culicoides (Avaritia) species from the dung of large herbivores in South Africa (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae)     

Nevill H  Nevill EM  Venter GJ 《The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research》2009,76(3):277-284

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Life-history parameters of Culicoides (Avaritia) imicola Kieffer in the laboratory at different rearing temperatures     

E. Veronesi  G.J. Venter  K. Labuschagne  P.S. Mellor  S. Carpenter 《Veterinary parasitology》2009,163(4):370-373

This laboratory study investigates the sub-adult developmental cycle of field collected Culicoides (Avaritia) imicola Kieffer (Diptera; Ceratopogonidae). The period required from blood-feeding field-collected females to the production of progeny adults occupied 34–56 days at 20 °C, 15–21 days at 25 °C and 11–16 days at 28 °C, demonstrating clear temperature dependence. When reared at 28 °C, C. imicola demonstrated higher variability in fecundity (between 2.4 and 20.6 eggs/female) and lower hatching rates (50.0–62.2%), although larval survival rates to pupation were low at all temperatures (20–30%). Similarly, the mean emergence rate from pupae was the highest at lower temperatures. These results highlight the difficulty in establishing and maintaining a laboratory colony of this species from field-collected material and results are discussed in reference to future research directions that may aid this process.  相似文献   

Anaesthetic,analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular medetomidine‐ketamine combination alone or with morphine or tramadol for orchiectomy in cats     

Gareth E Zeiler  Brighton T Dzikiti  Geoffrey T Fosgate  Frik G Stegmann  Frans J Venter  Eva Rioja 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2014,41(4):411-420

ObjectivesTo compare the anaesthetic, analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular (IM) medetomidine and ketamine administered alone or combined with morphine or tramadol, for orchiectomy in cats.Study designRandomised, blinded, prospective clinical study.AnimalsThirty client-owned cats.Materials and methodsCats (n = 10 in each group) received a combination of medetomidine (60 μgkg^?1) and ketamine (10 mg kg^?1) alone (MedK); combined with morphine (0.2 mg kg^?1) (MedKM), or combined with tramadol (2 mg kg^?1) (MedKT) IM. Time of induction, surgical and recovery events were recorded, and physiological parameters measured and recorded. Analgesia was evaluated with a visual analogue scale, a composite scoring system and the von Frey mechanical threshold device, every hour from three to eight hours post-drug administration injection. Data were analyzed with a linear mixed model, Kruskal–Wallis or Chi-square tests (p < 0.05).ResultsMedian (IQR) induction and recovery times (minutes) were not significantly (p = 0.125) different between groups: 5.6 (2.7–8.0), 7.4 (5.1–9.6) and 8.0 (5.8–14.9) for induction and 128.5 (95.1–142.8), 166.4 (123.1–210.0) and 142.9 (123.4–180.2) for recovery, with MedK, MedKT and MedKM, respectively. Two cats (MedKM) required alfaxalone for endotracheal intubation. In all groups, three or four cats required additional isoflurane for surgery. Arterial oxygen tension overall (mean ± SD: 66 ± 2 mmHg) was low. Surgery resulted in increased systolic arterial blood pressure (p < 0.001), haemoglobin saturation (p < 0.001), respiratory (p = 0.003) and heart rates (p = 0.002). Pain scores did not differ significantly between groups. Von Frey responses decreased over time; changes over time varied by treatment (p < 0.001), MedK returning to baseline values more rapidly than MedKM and MedKT. No cat required rescue analgesics.Conclusion and clinical relevanceAll three protocols can provide adequate anaesthesia and analgesia for orchiectomy in cats. However, rescue intervention to maintain surgical anaesthesia may be required in some cats. Oxygen supplementation is advised.  相似文献   

Laparoscopic Sterilization of the African Lioness (Panthera leo)     

Marthinus J. Hartman BVSc  Eric Monnet PhD Diplomate ACVS & ECVS  Robert M. Kirberger MMedVet Diplomate ECVDI  Leon J. Venter BVSc  Lynette Bester MMedVet  Martin L. Schulman MMedVet  Tania Serfontein BSc  Retha Fourie DipVetNur  Johan P. Schoeman PhD Diplomate ECVIM 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2013,42(5):559-564

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Germination of fresh seed of thirty Cenchrus ciliaris ecotypes as influenced by seed treatment     

P.S. Venter  N.F.G. Rethman 《African Journal of Range and Forage Science》2013,30(4):181-182

Germination tests were carried out with fresh seed of 30 ecotypes of Cenchrus ciliaris produced under uniform conditions. Untreated seeds were compared with washed and shelled seeds. The percentage germination of untreated seed varied between 0% and 48%, with an average of 16.20%. In comparison with this, the percentage germination of washed seed varied between 0% and 33%, with an average of 13.13%, and that of shelled seed varied between 10% and 81%, with an average of 46.10%. This confirms that there are substances present in the structures surrounding the caryopsis of certain ecotypes which inhibit germination. According to this, the washing treatment, which is recommended by the International Seed Testing Association, appears to have a slight depressing, or no, effect on the germination of fresh seed. However, distinct differences between ecotypes, for untreated as well as shelled seed, were found. For 19 of the ecotypes there was a highly significant better germination when the seed was shelled. A further four ecotypes showed a noticeable difference, although not significant, and for seven ecotypes shelling had no effect.  相似文献   

Relationship Among Follicular Growth, Oestrus, Time of Ovulation, Endogenous Estradiol 17β and Luteinizing Hormone in Bos Indicus Cows After a Synchronization Program     

M Maquivar  A Verduzco  CS Galina  A Pulido  S Rojas  K Forster  G Van der Laan  R Arnoni 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(6):571-576

To determine the pattern of follicular growth during oestrus and the relationship with estradiol and luteinizing hormone in ovulating and non-ovulating cows, three groups of (n = 10), thirty cyclic, Bos indicus cows were synchronized with CIDR, consecutively at 9-day intervals. Twenty-four hours after implant withdrawal, all cows synchronized in the same group with other cows displaying estrous behaviour after implant withdrawal were subjected to an intensive period of ultrasonographic observations (every 6 h for 120 h). Blood samples were taken to evaluate LH surge and 17-beta estradiol. No differences were observed in follicular growth, ovulatory diameter and growth average in the three groups of synchronized cows. Cows ovulating (CO) had a better growth average in comparison with the group of cows not ovulating (CNO) (1.4 +/- 0.7 mm vs 0.7 +/- 0.5 mm, p < 0.06). The average time from estradiol release to LH surge was 39.3 +/- 24.6 h. Differences were also observed between CO and CNO with respect to both the first concentration (27.7 +/- 5.2 vs 58.6 +/- 31.9, p < 0.004) and last concentration (79.3 +/- 23.3 vs 99.2 +/- 27.3, p < 0.05) of estradiol above 5 pg/ml. The average time from overt signs of oestrus to LH release was 8.4 +/- 7.7 h. In the CNO, the increase in LH concentration was never above two SD from the basal average. In conclusion, there is a wide variability in follicular growth and ovulatory diameter between CO and CNO, which can affect the intervals of LH release, estradiol peak and ovulation. Yet, LH surge might be a good marker for timing ovulation in Zebu cows.  相似文献   

Experimental reproduction of severe bluetongue in sheep   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MacLachlan NJ  Crafford JE  Vernau W  Gardner IA  Goddard A  Guthrie AJ  Venter EH 《Veterinary pathology》2008,45(3):310-315

Sheep inoculated with a virulent South African strain of bluetongue (BT) virus serotype 4 developed severe clinical signs and lesions characteristic of fulminant BT, including coronitis, hemorrhage and ulceration of the mucosal lining of the oral cavity and forestomaches, hemorrhage in the wall of the pulmonary artery, and focally extensive necrosis of skeletal muscle, especially of the neck. At necropsy, up to 14 days after infection, the infected sheep exhibited striking pulmonary edema, edema of the subcutaneous tissues and fascial planes of the head and neck, and pleural and pericardial effusion of varying severity. A reliable model for experimental reproduction of fulminant BT in sheep will facilitate future studies to better characterize the pathogenesis of this disease, particularly as it regards the mechanisms responsible for the increased vascular permeability that characterizes BT and related orbiviral diseases such as African horse sickness.  相似文献   

Raw beef bones as chewing items to reduce dental calculus in Beagle dogs          下载免费PDF全文

FR Marx  GS Machado  JG Pezzali  CS Marcolla  AM Kessler  Ø Ahlstrøm  L Trevizan 《Australian veterinary journal》2016,94(1-2):18-23

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A quick method of recording plant growth stages     

A. I. KOVÀCS 《Weed Research》1976,16(1):43-45

The recording of the stage of growth of crops and weeds by directly photocopying the plants is described.  相似文献   

A survey on bloat in southern Australian beef production systems     

MB Allworth  M McQuillan  SR McGrath  CS Wilson  M Hernandez-Jover 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(3):121-126

Frothy bloat, associated predominantly with grazing legume-based pastures, is considered the second most costly disease in beef cattle in southern Australia, costing $84.4 M annually. It frequently results in the sudden death of cattle. In response to concerns from cattle producers, an online survey was conducted in southern Australia in late 2020 to determine the impact of bloat, identify risk factors and determine the efficacy of current preventive measures. For 217 responses, over two-thirds (70%) of producers reported bloat occurring in the previous 12 months, with estimated morbidity and mortality rates of 3.7% and 5.0% respectively. Bloat was associated with clover or clover-dominant paddocks (79%) and was not associated with grass or grass-dominant pastures or low clover pastures (92%) nor grazing crops (27%). For bloat that occurred in the past 12 months, cattle were very commonly grazing on clover or clover-dominant paddocks (90%) and occasionally lucerne-dominated paddocks (7%). Two-thirds of producers reported having preventive measures in place when losses occurred. Bayesian Network analysis confirmed that grazing clover-based pastures for more than 7 days, yearling cattle and the months of July–September were the main risk factors for bloat occurrence, with pasture type (clover) being the most important. Conversely, no clear relationship between weather conditions and bloat occurrence was evident. This survey highlights the known risk of clover-based pastures for causing bloat in cattle, and that losses occur in many cases despite preventive measures being used. This suggests that current methods for preventing bloat in cattle are suboptimal.  相似文献