Role of India's Anganwadi Center in Securing Food and Nutrition for Mothers and Children     

Sandhya Kumar  Rajesh Kumar Rai 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2013,14(2):174-182

India's 2013 National Food Security Act identifies Anganwadi centers (the courtyard shelter) as responsible for ensuring the food and nutrition for mothers and children. This article proposes four essential reforms that must take place to revitalize the languishing Anganwadi system: (a) strengthen implementation of the Integrated Child and Development Services (ICDS) through greater outreach and education; (b) boost incentives for Anganwadi workers and Anganwadi health workers; (c) bring together different government stakeholders to provide the integrative framework needed; and (d) improve monitoring and evaluation of Anganwadis so as to better gauge not just performance of workers, but also health and nutrition outcomes among women and children.  相似文献   

Prevalence of ocular signs and subclinical vitamin A deficiency and its determinants among rural pre-school children in India     

Laxmaiah A  Nair MK  Arlappa N  Raghu P  Balakrishna N  Rao KM  Galreddy C  Kumar S  Ravindranath M  Rao VV  Brahmam GN 《Public health nutrition》2012,15(4):568-577

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Application of Native Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) for Fermentative Recovery of Lipids and Proteins from Fish Processing Wastes: Bioactivities of Fermentation Products     

Amit Kumar Rai  R. Jini  H. C. Swapna  N. M. Sachindra  V. Baskaran 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(1):32-44

Fermentation using native lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was evaluated for its effectiveness in recovering lipids and proteins simultaneously from freshwater fish visceral waste (FVW). Five different LAB isolated from fish processing waste were employed in a fermentation process that involved 10% (w/w) glucose, 2% (w/w) NaCl, and 10% (v/w) LAB. Cultures evaluated included four native isolates (Pediococcus acidilactici NCIM5368, Enterococcus faecalis NCIM5367, Pediococcus acidilactici FM37, and Pediococcus acidilactici MW2) from FVW with E. faecium NCIM5335 as the reference culture. Fermentation with native LAB resulted in recovery of > 90% oil present in the material as against no recovery in case of raw (unfermented) viscera and resulted in > 50% of degree of hydrolysis of proteins. The fatty acid profile of lipids was not affected by the fermentation process. The fermentation liquor, rich in hydrolyzed protein, exhibited antioxidant as well as antagonistic properties against several bacterial pathogens. The results clearly demonstrate the usefulness of fermentation using native isolates for simultaneous recovery of lipids and proteins from fish processing waste. It also asserts the value of fermentation as an eco-friendly method and aids in minimizing disposal/pollution problems associated with these solid wastes.  相似文献   

Elucidating resistance in cotton genotypes to whitefly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bemisia tabaci,</Emphasis> by population buildup studies     

Vikas Jindal  G. S. Dhaliwal 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(2):137-145

Plant resistance has become an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) for management of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), an important pest of cotton in India. The present studies were undertaken to standardize the plant stage and identify resistant cotton genotypes against whitefly. Nine plant stages of F846, a susceptible cotton genotype, were exposed to whitefly for 25 days under no-choice conditions. The population buildup (eggs, nymphs, pupae and adults) was recorded. The 12-, 14- and 16-leaf stages were suitable for plant resistance studies against whitefly, and the 14-leaf stage was taken for further studies. Ten cotton genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum and two of G. arboreum were covered with split cages in which five pairs of B. tabaci (F₁) were released. The population buildup was recorded to categorize genotypes as resistant, moderately resistant, moderately susceptible or susceptible. The experiment was repeated with F₂ and F₃ generation whiteflies. Based on overall average score of three experiments, LD694 was rated as resistant; LK861, Supriya, RS2013, CNH911 and PA183 as moderately resistant; IS-376/4/1/20/72, NHH44, TxMaroon2-78, Bt 6304 and RS2098 as moderately susceptible; and F846 as susceptible. LD694 was found to be resistant in three consecutive generations of whitefly.  相似文献   

Sorption and desorption behaviors of diuron in soils amended with charcoal   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yu XY  Ying GG  Kookana RS 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(22):8545-8550

Charcoal derived from the partial combustion of vegetation is ubiquitous in soils and sediments and can potentially sequester organic contaminants. To examine the role of charcoal in the sorption and desorption behaviors of diuron pesticide in soil, synthetic charcoals were produced through carbonization of red gum (Eucalyptus spp.) wood chips at 450 and 850 degrees C (referred to as charcoals BC450 and BC850, respectively, in this paper). Pore size distribution analyses revealed that BC850 contained mainly micropores (pores approximately 0.49 nm mean width), whereas BC450 was essentially not a microporous material. Short-term equilibration (< 24 h) tests were conducted to measure sorption and desorption of diuron in a soil amended with various amounts of charcoals of both types. The sorption coefficients, isotherm nonlinearity, and apparent sorption-desorption hysteresis markedly increased with increasing content of charcoal in the soil, more prominently in the case of BC850, presumably due to the presence of micropores and its relatively higher specific surface area. The degree of apparent sorption-desorption hystersis (hysteresis index) showed a good correlation with the micropore volume of the charcoal-amended soils. This study indicates that the presence of small amounts of charcoal produced at high temperatures (e.g., interior of wood logs during a fire) in soil can have a marked effect on the release behavior of organic compounds. Mechanisms of this apparent hysteretic behavior need to be further investigated.  相似文献   

Regeneration of mixed conifer forests under group tree selection harvest management in western Bhutan Himalayas     

Mani Ram Moktan  Georg Gratzer  William H. Richards  Tek Bahadur Rai  Dawa Dukpa  Kinley Tenzin 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Group selection tree harvest has been proposed as an ecologically sustainable silvicultural technique in mixed conifer forests of the western Bhutan Himalayas. To evaluate this silvicultural technique, we studied the ecological consequences of a group selection tree harvest in mixed conifer forests by assessing 127 circular plots (71 in logged and 56 in unlogged stands) in two forest management units (FMUs). Tree species composition and diversity were similar between logged and unlogged stands. Seedling density and height growth vary by species and were influenced by logging and microsites, with generally taller seedlings found in the logged versus unlogged stands. Early successional shade-intolerant species colonized logged stands. Seedlings growing on bare soil scarified by harvesting had medium vigour while seedlings growing on bryophyte mats showed good vigour in both logged and unlogged stands. Moist sites with a northerly aspect supported profuse conifer seedling regeneration, compared to sites with a dry southerly aspect. Damage to conifer seedlings from herbivore browsing was minimal. Conifer seedling density and height growth was negatively affected by competition from herbaceous vegetation, most notably Salvia officinalis. Group selection tree harvest in southern dry exposures in spruce-dominated stands is silviculturally unsuitable because it alters tree succession.  相似文献   

Predicting bioaccessibility of contaminants of emerging concern in marine sediments using chemical methods     

dos Santos  Dayana M.  Williams  Mike  Kookana  Rai  de Marchi  Mary Rosa R. 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(4):1720-1728

Journal of Soils and Sediments - A comparison was made between three chemical methods to predict bioaccessibility of triclosan (TCS), bisphenol A (BPA), and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in...  相似文献   

Substitution of soybean meal with fermented <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jatropha</Emphasis> kernel meal: effect on growth performance,body composition,and metabolic enzyme activity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Labeo rohita</Emphasis>     

Vikas Phulia  Parimal Sardar  Narottam Prasad Sahu  Femi John Fawole  N. Shamna  Subodh Gupta 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2018,44(2):475-487

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the nutritional potential of fermented Jatropha kernel meal (FJKM) in the diets of rohu, Labeo rohita, fingerlings. Four iso-nitrogenous (336 g kg^?1) and iso-energetic (20 MJ kg^?1) diets containing 0, 100, 200, and 300 g kg^?1 FJKM in replacement of 0, 33.3, 66.7, and 100% soybean meal protein, respectively, were prepared and designated as control, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. A total of 180 acclimatized fish (average weight 6.05?±?0.04 g) were equally distributed into four experimental groups in triplicates, and were fed their respective diets to satiation twice daily at 10:00 h and 18:00 h. Higher percent weight gain (%WG); specific growth rate (SGR); protein efficiency ratio (PER); protease, aspartate amino transferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) activities; and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded in T2 and T3 groups compared to other groups. Whereas hepatosomatic index (HSI), intestinal somatic index (ISI), and amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities among the various dietary groups did not vary significantly (P?>?0.05). Whole body composition of fish analyzed at the end of the feeding trial exhibited significantly (P?<?0.05) higher ether extract and lower crude protein in the control group compared to the FJKM-fed groups. These results indicated that rohu fingerlings can efficiently utilize FJKM without any detrimental effect on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and metabolic response.  相似文献   

Nutritional evaluation of an improved soybean meal as a fishmeal replacer in the diet of Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei          下载免费PDF全文

Richard Hulefeld  Habte‐Michael Habte‐Tsion  Ramanathan S. Lalgudi  Barry McGraw  Rob Cain  Kristy Allen  Kenneth R. Thompson  James H. Tidwell  Vikas Kumar 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(4):1414-1422

A 12‐week growth trial was conducted to assess an improved soybean meal (ISBM) in the diet of Pacific white shrimp (PWS). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated: the control diet (ISBM‐0) contained 30% fishmeal (FM) and three test diets (ISBM‐33, ISBM‐66 and ISBM‐100) were formulated by gradually replacing FM on an isonitrogenous basis. Groups of PWS (3.2 g mean initial weight) were fed their respective experimental diets three times per day. Production performance of PWS was unaffected by diet, except the final weight of shrimp‐fed ISBM‐66 diet was significantly lower than those fed ISBM‐0. Whole‐body moisture was significantly higher and protein was significantly lower in PWS‐fed ISBM‐100 versus shrimp‐fed ISBM‐0. PWS‐fed ISBM‐66 had significantly higher oleic acid than shrimp‐fed ISBM‐0 and linolenic acid versus shrimp‐fed ISBM‐0 and ISBM‐100. The lowest linoleic acid and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids levels were found in shrimp‐fed ISBM‐100. Based on second‐degree polynomial regression analysis of final weight and weight gain, the estimated optimum levels of ISBM to replace FM in PWS diets are 89.13% and 95.56% respectively. Overall, results indicate alternative, sustainable, plant‐based protein sources such as ISBM may potentially replace FM in PWS diets.  相似文献   

Genome-wide association study reveals favorable alleles associated with common bunt resistance in synthetic hexaploid wheat     

Madhav Bhatta  Alexey Morgounov  Vikas Belamkar  Aysel Yorgancılar  P. Stephen Baenziger 《Euphytica》2018,214(11):200

Genetic resistance to common bunt is a cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and sustainable approach to controlling the disease. To date, 16 race specific common bunt resistance genes (Bt1-Bt15 and Btp) have been reported in wheat. However, a limited number have been mapped and few markers have been identified, which limits the usage of molecular markers in a marker-assisted breeding program. A total of 125 synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs) were evaluated for reactions to a mixture of common bunt races under field conditions in Turkey in 2016 and 2017. The objectives of this study were to identify common bunt resistant genotypes, identify genomic regions conferring resistance to common bunt using 35,798 genotyping-by-sequencing derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and investigate the significant SNPs present within genes using the functional annotations of the underlying genes. We found 29 resistant SHWs that can be used in wheat breeding. The genome-wide association study identified 15 SNPs associated with common bunt resistance and a haplotype block comprising three SNPs in perfect linkage disequilibrium. Five of them were novel and were located on chromosomes 2A, 3D, and 4A. Furthermore, seven of the 15 SNPs were found within genes and had annotations suggesting potential role in disease resistance. This study identified several favorable alleles that decreased common bunt incidence up to 26% in SHWs. These resistant SHWs and candidate genomic regions controlling common bunt resistance will be useful for wheat genetic improvement and could assist in further understanding of the genetic architecture of common bunt resistance.  相似文献