Rove beetle (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) communities in transgenic Bt (MON810) and near isogenic maize     

Adalbert Balog  József Kiss  Dóra Szekeres  Ágnes Szénási  Viktor Markó 《Crop Protection》2010

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanism of the underlying patterns (abundance, species richness, diversity and similarity) of rove beetles in transgenic Bt (MON810) and in near isogenic maize stands in Hungary. During the three-year (2001–2003) survey, 1538 individuals and 21 species were sampled with pitfall traps. The Cry1Ab protein expressed by the MON810 maize hybrid did not influence the overall community structure. After grouping staphylinids into guilds we found no significant differences for non-aphidophagous predators and parasitoids, whereas there were significantly and marginally significantly higher abundances for predators with aphids in their diet in isogenic maize stands in 2002 and 2003 respectively. The abundance of the prey Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) showed a high fluctuation between stands and years and was numerically higher only in isogenic stands in the second half of the maize-growing season. The abundance of predatory guilds including aphids in their diet did not correlate with the total annual number of R. padi in the same year, but there was a linear correlation in successive years.  相似文献   

Source indicator of commercial humic products: UV-Vis and fluorescence proxies     

Olga Yakimenko  Daria Khundzhua  Aleksei Izosimov  Viktor Yuzhakov  Svetlana Patsaeva 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(4):1279-1291

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AMP-deaminase from goldfish white muscle: regulatory properties and redistribution under exposure to high environmental oxygen level     

Lushchak VI  Husak VV  Storey JM  Storey KB 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(3):443-452

AMP-deaminase was partially purified from white skeletal muscle of goldfish, Carassius auratus. The enzyme was highly stable, showing virtually no change in activity at 1 month following the purification process when stored in 1 M KCl at 2–4°C. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 130–150 U/mg protein, with a pH optimum of about pH 6.5. AMP-aminohydrolase (AMPD) showed non-Michaelis–Menten kinetics, with a S_0.5 (half saturation by the substrate) for AMP of 0.73 ± 0.03 mM, a Hill coefficient of 2.01 ± 0.26, and a V _max (maximum velocity) of 176 ± 46 U/mg protein. Both sodium and potassium ions activated goldfish AMPD at low concentrations, with maximal activation at about 80 mM of each chloride salt, whereas higher concentrations became inhibitory. Magnesium and calcium ions also inhibited goldfish muscle AMPD, as did phosphate and fluoride; at a concentration of 8 mM, each anion reduced activity by about 66%. ADP and ATP were strong activators and both demonstrated concentration-dependent activation, with maximal effects at 0.5–1.5 mM. Fish exposure to a high concentration of oxygen (18–20 mg/l against 5–6 mg/l in the control) and recovery to the initial level induced a redistribution of AMPD between free and bound forms in goldfish white muscle and brain in a tissue-dependent manner. A spatial–temporal redistribution may be among the mechanisms regulating enzyme operation in vivo. Possible regulatory mechanisms of AMP-deaminase function in fish muscle are discussed.  相似文献   

High Temperature and Humidity Effect on Biochemical Characteristics of Organically-Grown Parsnip Roots Compared to Garlic Bulbs     

Golubkina  Nadezhda  Zayachkovsky  Vladimir  Stepanov  Viktor  Deryagina  Valentina  Rizhova  Nataly  Kirsanov  Kirill  Caruso  Gianluca 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(2):292-297

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Functional food with high concentrations of monosaccharides and antioxidants is important for quick replenishment of energy reserves and rehabilitation after...  相似文献   

Zehnjährige Untersuchungen über die Wirkung verschieden gelagerten Rinderdungs auf die Nährstoffversorgung der Pflanzen und den Boden     

Kurt Rauhe  Viktor Koepke 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(5-6):499-511

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Are cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations in mosses across Europe primarily determined by atmospheric deposition of these metals?     

Winfried Schröder  Marcel Holy  Roland Pesch  Harry Harmens  Ilia Ilyin  Eiliv Steinnes  Renate Alber  Yuliya Aleksiayenak  Oleg Blum  Mahmut Coşkun  Maria Dam  Ludwig De Temmerman  Marina Frolova  Marina Frontasyeva  Laura Gonzalez Miqueo  Krystyna Grodzińska  Zvonka Jeran  Szymon Korzekwa  Miodrag Krmar  Eero Kubin  Kestutis Kvietkus  Sébastien Leblond  Siiri Liiv  Sigurður Magnússon  Blanka Maňkovská  Juha Piispanen  Åke Rühling  Jesus Santamaria  Zdravko Spiric  Ivan Suchara  Lotti Thöni  Viktor Urumov  Lilyana Yurukova  Harald G. Zechmeister 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(8):1572-1584

Purpose

This study aimed at investigating correlations between heavy metal concentrations in mosses and modelled deposition values as well as other site-specific and regional characteristics to determine which factors primarily affect cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations in mosses. The resulting relationships could potentially be used to enhance the spatial resolution of heavy metal deposition maps across Europe.

Materials and methods

Modelled heavy metal deposition data and data on the concentration of heavy metals in naturally growing mosses were integrated into a geographic information system and analysed by means of bivariate rank correlation analysis and multivariate decision trees. Modelled deposition data were validated annually with deposition measurements at up to 63 EMEP measurement stations within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP), and mosses were collected at up to 7,000 sites at 5-year intervals between 1990 and 2005.

Results and discussion

Moderate to high correlations were found between cadmium and lead concentrations in mosses and modelled atmospheric deposition of these metals: Spearman rank correlation coefficients were between 0.62 and 0.67, and 0.67 and 0.73 for cadmium and lead, respectively (p?<?0.001). Multivariate decision tree analyses showed that cadmium and lead concentrations in mosses were primarily determined by the atmospheric deposition of these metals, followed by emissions of the metals. Low to very low correlations were observed between mercury concentrations in mosses and modelled atmospheric deposition of mercury. According to the multivariate analyses, spatial variations of the mercury concentration in mosses was primarily associated with the sampled moss species and not with the modelled deposition, but regional differences in the atmospheric chemistry of mercury and corresponding interactions with the moss may also be involved.

Conclusions

At least for cadmium and lead, concentrations in mosses are a valuable tool in determining and mapping the spatial variation in atmospheric deposition across Europe at a high spatial resolution. For mercury, more studies are needed to elucidate interactions of different chemical species with the moss.  相似文献   

Ultrasound-guided serial transabdominal cardiac biopsies in cats     

van Essen VJ  Uilenreef JJ  Szatmári V  Veldhuis Kroeze EJ  Kuiper RV  Rothuizen J  de Bruin A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,191(3):341-346

A percutaneous/transdiaphragmatic core needle biopsy technique was developed in cats to obtain serial biopsies from different locations of the left ventricle, through which morphological and molecular changes within the same individual can be studied to unravel the mechanisms of feline cardiomyopathies. Transmural left ventricular myocardial samples were obtained from 29 anesthetized, healthy, adult cats with ultrasound guidance. An 18G automatic biopsy needle was inserted between the last left rib and the sternum through the diaphragm into the thorax. Biopsies were obtained from the left ventricular wall. In five cats, three single biopsies were taken with 4-week intervals. Autopsy was performed on six cats, of which three cats had serial biopsies. In total, 87 biopsies were obtained without long-term effects on cardiac function or structure. The biopsies caused transient single ventricular premature complexes and mild pericardial effusion without tamponade. Necropsy revealed a minimal amount of fibrous connective tissue in the diaphragm and the heart without any significant microscopic lesions in the adjacent muscle tissue. The high quality biopsy material was suitable for morphological and molecular studies. This minimally invasive, ultrasound-guided cardiac biopsy technique thus allows for the safe collection of serial biopsies to study feline cardiomyopathies in an experimental setting.  相似文献   

Toxoplasmosis in Tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) in the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden (2006-2010)     

Sós E  Szigeti A  Fok E  Molnár V  Erdélyi K  Perge E  Biksi I  Gál J 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2012,60(3):361-370

Smaller macropodid species (commonly referred to as wallabies) are extremely susceptible to toxoplasmosis: in most cases, infection with Toxoplasma gondii leads to death within a short time. Between June 2006 and July 2010, T. gondii was detected by immunohistochemical examination in six Tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) that died in the Budapest Zoo and Botanical Garden; in another four specimens histopathology revealed T. gondii-like organisms (which could not be differentiated from Neospora caninum solely by morphology), and in another 11 animals toxoplasmosis as the possible cause of death could not be excluded. The current zoo population of 12 Tammar wallabies was tested for T. gondii IgG antibodies by the modified agglutination test (MAT), with negative results. We suppose that most of the deaths were due to acute toxoplasmosis resulting from a recent infection.  相似文献   

Methylglyoxal-induced modifications of significant honeybee proteinous components in manuka honey: Possible therapeutic implications     

Majtan J  Klaudiny J  Bohova J  Kohutova L  Dzurova M  Sediva M  Bartosova M  Majtan V 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(4):671-677

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a major antibacterial component of manuka honey. Another antibacterial component found in Revamil honey, peptide defensin1, was not identified in manuka honey. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the content of defensin1 in honeys of different botanical origins and to investigate a presumed effect of reactive MGO on defensin1 and a dominant protein of honey MRJP1 in manuka honey. Immunoblotting of honey samples showed that defensin1 was a regular but quantitatively variable component of honeys. One of the reasons of varying contents of defensin1 in different honeys seems to be constitutive but varying defensin1 expression in individual honeybees in bee populations that we documented on samples of nurse and forager bees by RT-PCR. Comparative analyses of honeys revealed a size modification of defensin1, MRJP1 and probably also α-glucosidase in manuka honey. We further showed that (i) the treatment of purified defensin1 in solution containing high amount of MGO caused a time-dependent loss of its antibacterial activity and (ii) increasing MGO concentrations in a non-manuka honey were connected with a gradual increase in the molecular weight of MRJP1. Obtained results demonstrate that MGO abrogates the antibacterial activity of defensin1 and modifies MRJP1 in manuka honey. We assume that MGO could also have negative effects on the structure and function of other proteins/peptides in manuka honey, including glucose oxidase, generating hydrogen peroxide.  相似文献   

Reduced radiative conductivity of low-spin (Mg,Fe)O in the lower mantle     

Goncharov AF  Struzhkin VV  Jacobsen SD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5777):1205-1208

Optical absorption spectra have been measured at pressures up to 80 gigapascals (GPa) for the lower-mantle oxide magnesiowüstite (Mg,Fe)O. Upon reaching the high-spin to low-spin transition of Fe2+ at about 60 GPa, we observed enhanced absorption in the mid- and near-infrared spectral range, whereas absorption in the visible-ultraviolet was reduced. The observed changes in absorption are in contrast to prediction and are attributed to d-d orbital charge transfer in the Fe2+ ion. The results indicate that low-spin (Mg,Fe)O will exhibit lower radiative thermal conductivity than high-spin (Mg,Fe)O, which needs to be considered in future geodynamic models of convection and plume stabilization in the lower mantle.  相似文献