Comparison of Different Approaches to Establish a Core Collection of Andigena (Solanum tuberosum Group Andigena) Potatoes     

J. Gopal  Vinod Kumar  Raj Kumar  Prem Mathur 《Potato Research》2013,56(1):85-98

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Performance of different filter combinations with surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems for utilizing municipal wastewater     

Vinod Kumar Tripathi  T. B. S. Rajput  Neelam Patel 《Irrigation Science》2014,32(5):379-391

Large volumes of wastewater (WW) are being generated worldwide as a consequence of rapid urbanization and growth of industries. The reuse of WW finds increased application in irrigation but the presence of toxic elements and microorganisms limits its use for irrigation purpose. To reduce the contamination of WW for irrigation, drip system is seen as an appropriate choice due to restricted quantity of water application. Emitter clogging is viewed as the main problem associated with drip system for its large-scale use with WW. Physical and chemical characteristics of WW were determined and compared with groundwater (GW). Higher EC, pH, Mg, and CO₃ were observed in the GW but higher turbidity, total solids, HCO₃, and Ca were observed in the WW. The population of total coliforms (2.72 × 10⁴ to 5.2 × 10⁷) and E. coli (1.8 × 10³ to 2.64 × 10⁶) were detected in WW. The hydraulic performance of drip emitters was studied for 2 years with WW and GW using sand media filter (F1), disk filter (F2), and combination of both filters (F3). Higher removal efficiency for turbidity, total solids, Ca, Mg, CO₃ total coliforms, and E. coli was observed with combination filter. Emitter discharge exponent was also close to 0.5 with combination filter. Emitter flow rate decreased (in the sequence of F1 > F2 > F3) with increase in time of operation. After 2 years of operation under F3, coefficient of variation was less than 4 % with both WW and GW. Thus, it showed good performance in surface placed emitters but it was 7.2 % with WW and 9.5 % with GW under subsurface (15 cm) placed emitters. Clogging of emitters was controlled by flushing. Flushed emitters placed at 30 cm depth resulted in 3.7 % reduction in discharge as compared to 8.7 % reduction in the absence of flushing, under filter F1. Emitters with F2 produced least improvement in discharge.  相似文献   

Spatial pattern analysis for quantification of landscape structure of Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve,Central India     

Ambica Paliwal  Vinod Bihari Mathur 《林业研究》2014,25(1):185-192

Landscape structure is often regarded as an important factor that governs the distribution and abundance of species.Therefore it is critical to understand the landscapes and their dynamics.Patterns of landscape elements strongly influence the ecological characteristics.This study was designed to document and map the current status of the tropical dry deciduous forest of the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve(TATR),Central India,(using IRS P6 LISS IV data)and to describe its landscape structure at three levels of organization viz.landscape,class,and patch.The study area was classified into 10 land cover classes that include 6vegetation classes.The landscape structure was analyzed using FRAGSTATS using 12 set of indices.The TATR landscapes have a total of2,307 patches with a mean patch size of 25.67 ha and patch density of 1.7patches per km2.Amongst all land cover classes,mixed bamboo forest is dominant—it occupied maximum area(77.99%)—while riparian forest is least represented(0.32%).Mixed forest has maximum number of patches among all vegetation classes.Results have shown that despite being dominant in the area,mixed bamboo forest has low patch density(0.25/100 ha).Dominance of mixed bamboo forest is attributed to large patch sizes and not to the number of patches.This study has focussed on the approach of integrating satellite forest classification and forest inventory data for studying forest landscape patterns.  相似文献   

Assessment of different methods of rice (Oryza sativa. L) cultivation affecting growth parameters, soil chemical, biological, and microbiological properties, water saving, and grain yield in rice–rice system     

Subramaniam Gopalakrishnan  R. Mahender Kumar  Pagidi Humayun  V. Srinivas  B. Ratna Kumari  R. Vijayabharathi  Amit Singh  K. Surekha  Ch. Padmavathi  N. Somashekar  P. Raghuveer Rao  P. C. Latha  L. V. Subba Rao  V. R. Babu  B. C. Viraktamath  V. Vinod Goud  N. Loganandhan  Biksham Gujja  Om Rupela 《Paddy and Water Environment》2014,12(1):79-87

Field experiments were conducted at DRR farm located at ICRISAT, Patancheru, in sandy clay loam soils during four seasons, Kharif 2008, Rabi 2008–2009, Kharif 2009 and Rabi 2009–2010, to investigate growth parameters, water-saving potential, root characteristics, chemical, biological, and microbial properties of rhizosphere soil, and grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) by comparing the plants grown with system of rice intensification (SRI) methods, with organic or organic + inorganic fertilization, against current recommended best management practices (BMP). All the growth parameters including plant height, effective tillers (10–45 %), panicle length, dry matter, root dry weight (24–57 %), and root volume (10–66 %) were found to be significantly higher with in SRI-organic + inorganic over BMP. With SRI-organic fertilization, growth parameters showed inconsistent results; however, root dry weight (3–77 %) and root volume (31–162 %) were found significantly superior compared to BMP. Grain yield was found significantly higher in SRI-organic + inorganic (12–23 and 4–35 % in the Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively), while with SRI-organic management, yield was found higher (4–34 %) only in the Rabi seasons compared to BMP. An average of 31 and 37 % of irrigation water were saved during Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively, with both SRI methods of rice cultivation compared to BMP. Further, total nitrogen, organic carbon%, soil dehydrogenase, microbial biomass carbon, total bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes were found higher in the two SRI plots in comparison to BMP. It is concluded that SRI practices create favorable conditions for beneficial soil microbes to prosper, save irrigation water, and increase grain yield.  相似文献   

Genetic variation,heritability, genetic advance,micronutrients, and grain morphology trait associations in EMS induced mutant lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)     

Kumar  Jitendra  Kumar  Ashish  Mishra  Ankita  Mishra  Vinod Kumar  Roy  Joy 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(6):2141-2158

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Micronutrients especially iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) are essential for human health, whose deficiency is a global concern. The direct intake of Fe and Zn can be...  相似文献   

Molecular mapping of Aegilops speltoides derived leaf rust resistance gene Lr28 in wheat   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Durga Prasad Cherukuri  Sudhir Kumar Gupta  Ashwini Charpe  Sunita Koul  Kumble Vinod Prabhu  Ram Badan Singh  Qazi Mohammad Rizwanul Haq 《Euphytica》2005,143(1-2):19-26

In a segregating homozygous F₂ population of bread wheat involving a leaf rust resistance gene Lr28 derived from Aegilops speltoides, six randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, three each in coupling and repulsion phase were identified as linked to Lr28, mapped to a region spanning 32 cM including the locus. The F₂ and F₃ populations were studied in the phytotron challenged with the most virulent pathotype 77-5 of leaf rust. A coupling phase linked RAPD marker S464₇₂₁ and a repulsion phase linked RAPD marker S326₅₅₀ flanked the gene Lr28 by a distance of 2.4± 0.016 cM on either side. The flanking markers genetically worked as co-dominant markers when analyzed together after separate amplification in the F₂ population by distinguishing the homozygotes from the heterozygotes and increased the efficiency of marker assisted selection by reducing the false positives and negatives. One of the three RAPD markers, S421₆₄₀ was converted to locus specific SCAR marker SCS421₆₄₀ which was further truncated by designing primers internal from both ends of the original RAPD amplicon to eliminate a non-specific amplification of nearly same size. The truncated polymorphic sequence characterized amplified region marker (TPSCAR) SCS421₅₇₀ was 70 bp smaller, but resulted in a single band polymorphism specific to Lr28 resistance. The TPSCAR marker was validated for its specificity to the gene Lr28 in nine different genetic backgrounds and on 43 of the 50 Lr genes of both native and alien origin, suggesting the utility of the SCAR markers in pyramiding leaf rust resistance genes in wheat.  相似文献   

Introgression of multiple disease resistance into a maintainer of Basmati rice CMS line by marker assisted backcross breeding     

Ashok K. Singh  Vikas K. Singh  Atul Singh  Ranjith K. Ellur  R. T. P. Pandian  S. Gopala Krishnan  U. D. Singh  M. Nagarajan  K. K. Vinod  K. V. Prabhu 《Euphytica》2015,201(1):97-107

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Identification of stable restorers and genetics of fertility restoration in late‐maturing pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]          下载免费PDF全文

Sandeep K. Saroj  Mahendra N. Singh  Manish K. Vishwakarma  Tejveer Singh  Vinod K. Mishra 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(6):696-702

A total of sixty‐six germplasm lines were crossed with five CMS lines, where two belong to A₄ cytoplasm, while other three belong to A₂ cytoplasm. On the basis of pollen fertility test as well as good pod setting, of 330 hybrids, 34 restorer lines were observed in ICPA 2043 and 19 in ICPA 2092. Thirteen germplasm lines restored fertility in both the A₄ CMS lines, viz. ICPA 2043 and ICPA 2092; however, none of the lines restored fertility in A₂ CMS lines. For confirmation of result, restoration competence of identified lines tested subsequently 2 years at two different temperatures. The segregation patterns for fertility restoration studied in F₂ and BC₁F₁ generations of selected ten crosses. Six crosses indicated the involvement of two major genes with recessive epistasis, three crosses confirmed dominant epistasis, and one cross indicated the involvement of duplicate recessive epistasis. The obtained results from this study will hasten the future three‐line breeding programme and lead the hybrid technology to the farmers' field with the better exploitation of CMS lines.  相似文献   

Estimation of Source of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sediments of Gomti River (India) using Principal Component Analysis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Kunwar P. Singh  Amrita Malik  Sarita Sinha  Vinod K. Singh  Ramesh C. Murthy 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2005,166(1-4):321-341

This study explores the extent and possible sources of heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn and Ni) contamination in the bed sediments of the Gomti River performing principal component analysis on the five years (Jan. 1994–Dec. 1998) data set obtained through continuous monitoring of the river water and bed sediments at eight selected sites and water/wastewater of its tributaries/drains. Influence of anthropogenic activities on metal contamination of the bed sediments was evaluated through computing the geoaccumulation index for various metals at studied sites. PCA performed on combined (river bed sediment, water, suspended solids, water/wastewater from tributaries/drains) data set extracted two significant factors explaining more than 58% of total variance. Factor loadings suggested the presence of both natural as well as anthropogenic sources for all these metals in the river bed sediments. Among all the sites, the sites 4 and 5 are more contaminated with Cd, Cu, Cr and Pb, which was supported by the geoaccumulation indices computed for metals. Factor scores revealed presence of seasonal (monsoon-related) differences in metals profiles for river water and suspended solids and absence of seasonal differences for bed sediment and wastewater. Further, the metal contamination of the bed sediment was also evaluated using biological thresholds. Results suggested that the river bed sediments are contaminated with heavy metals, which may contribute to sediment toxicity to the freshwater ecosystem of the Gomti River.  相似文献   

Development of a SCAR marker linked with a MYMV resistance gene in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)     

Vinod J. Dhole  Kandali S. Reddy 《Plant Breeding》2013,132(1):127-132

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is the most important disease of mungbean, causing great yield loss. The present investigation was carried out to study the inheritance and identify molecular markers linked with MYMV resistance gene by using F₁, F₂ and 167 F_2 : 8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from the cross ‘TM‐99‐37’ (resistant) × Mulmarada (susceptible). The F₁ was susceptible, F₂ segregated in 3S:1R phenotypic ratio and RILs segregated in 1S:1R ratio in the field screening indicating that the MYMV resistance gene is governed by a single recessive gene. Of the 140 RAPD primers, 45 primers showing polymorphism in parents were screened using bulked segregant analysis. Three primers amplified specific polymorphic fragments viz. OPB‐07_600, OPC‐06₁₇₅₀ and OPB‐12₈₂₀. The marker OPB‐07₆₀₀ was more closely linked (6.8 cM) with a MYMV resistance gene as compared to OPC‐06₁₇₅₀ (22.8 cM) and OPB‐12₈₂₀ (25.2 cM). The resistance‐specific fragment OPB‐07₆₀₀ was cloned, sequenced and converted into a sequence‐characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker and validated in twenty genotypes with different genetic backgrounds.  相似文献