Effects of single layer centrifugation (SLC) on bull spermatozoa prior to freezing on post‐thaw semen characteristics          下载免费PDF全文

T Nongbua  A Johannisson  A Edman  JM Morrell 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(4):596-602

Single layer centrifugation (SLC) has been shown to select the most robust spermatozoa from the ejaculate in several species. Here the effects of SLC prior to freezing on various parameters of frozen‐thawed bovine sperm quality are reported. Semen from 8 bulls was layered on top of a species‐specific colloid, Bovicoll. After centrifugation for 20 min at 300 g, the resulting sperm pellet was resuspended in OPTIXcell^® (IMV Technologies, l′Aigle, France); the SLC‐selected sperm samples and uncentrifuged controls were frozen. On thawing, all sperm samples were analysed for membrane integrity, production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and chromatin integrity. The SLC‐treated samples had a higher percentage of live, superoxide‐positive spermatozoa than uncentrifuged samples (27.9 ± 5.1% versus 21.7 ± 6.7%; p = .03). They had a higher proportion of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential than uncentrifuged samples (55.9 ± 8.2% versus 40.5 ± 15.1%; p = .03) and also a lower proportion of spermatozoa with low mitochondrial membrane potential than non‐treated samples (42.0 ± 8.5% versus 55.9 ± 14.4%; p = .04). No significant effects of treatment were found for membrane integrity or chromatin integrity. The effect of bull was significant on the proportions of dead, superoxide‐positive spermatozoa and live, hydrogen peroxide‐negative spermatozoa, as well as on membrane integrity, but it was not significant for mitochondrial membrane potential or chromatin integrity. These results suggest that SLC selects the most metabolically active bull spermatozoa from the rest of the population in normal ejaculates; the pattern of reactive oxygen species production may be different in SLC‐selected spermatozoa compared to unselected samples.  相似文献   

The effect of high correlated colour temperature office lighting on employee wellbeing and work performance     

Peter R Mills  Susannah C Tomkins  Luc JM Schlangen 《Journal of circadian rhythms》2007,5(1):2-9

Background  

The effects of lighting on the human circadian system are well-established. The recent discovery of 'non-visual' retinal receptors has confirmed an anatomical basis for the non-image forming, biological effects of light and has stimulated interest in the use of light to enhance wellbeing in the corporate setting.  相似文献   

Deleterious Effects of Progestagen Treatment in VEGF Expression in Corpora Lutea of Pregnant Ewes     

CA Letelier  MA Sanchez  RA Garcia‐Fernandez  B Sanchez  P Garcia‐Palencia  A Gonzalez‐Bulnes  JM Flores 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(3):481-488

The aim of the current study was to determine the possible effects of progestagen oestrous synchronization on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression during sheep luteogenesis and the peri‐implantation period and the relationship with luteal function. At days 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 21 of pregnancy, the ovaries from 30 progestagen treated and 30 ewes cycling after cloprostenol injection were evaluated by ultrasonography and, thereafter, collected and processed for immunohistochemical evaluation of VEGF; blood samples were drawn for evaluating plasma progesterone. The progestagen‐treated group showed smaller corpora lutea than cloprostenol‐treated and lower progesterone secretion. The expression of VEGF in the luteal cells increased with time in the cloprostenol group, but not in the progestagen‐treated group, which even showed a decrease between days 11 and 13. In progestagen‐treated sheep, VEGF expression in granulosa‐derived parenchymal lobule capillaries was correlated with the size of the luteal tissue, larger corpora lutea had higher expression, and tended to have a higher progesterone secretion. In conclusion, the current study indicates the existence of deleterious effects from exogenous progestagen treatments on progesterone secretion from induced corpora lutea, which correlate with alterations in the expression of VEGF in the luteal tissue and, this, presumably in the processes of neoangiogenesis and luteogenesis.  相似文献   

Single Layer Centrifugation of Stallion Spermatozoa through Androcoll™‐E does not Adversely Affect their Capacitation‐Like Status,as Measured by CTC Staining     

A‐S Bergqvist  A Johannisson  L Bäckgren  A‐M Dalin  H Rodriguez‐Martinez  JM Morrell 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(1):e74-e78

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of single layer centrifugation (SLC) and subsequent cold storage on stallion sperm capacitation‐like status and acrosome reaction. Three stallions were included in the study, with three ejaculates per stallion. The samples were examined 4, 24 and 72 h after collection, extension and SLC, with storage at 6°C. Sperm capacitation‐like status was investigated using the fluorescent dye chlortetracycline (CTC). There was no difference in capacitation‐like status between colloid‐selected and non‐selected spermatozoa. Sperm motility decreased significantly during cold storage, whereas the proportion of apparently capacitated spermatozoa increased. There was no change in the proportion of acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa. In conclusion, SLC through Androcoll?‐E does not adversely affect the capacitation‐like status of stallion spermatozoa, although it did increase with time during cold storage.  相似文献   

Chlamydia psittaci: a suspected cause of reproductive loss in three Victorian horses     

R Akter  AW Stent  FM Sansom  JR Gilkerson  C Burden  JM Devlin  AR Legione  CM El-Hage 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(11):570-573

Chlamydia psittaci was detected by PCR in the lung and equine foetal membranes of two aborted equine foetuses and one weak foal from two different studs in Victoria, Australia. The abortions occurred in September 2019 in two mares sharing a paddock northeast of Melbourne. The weak foal was born in October 2019 in a similar geographical region and died soon after birth despite receiving veterinary care. The detection of C. psittaci DNA in the lung and equine foetal membranes of the aborted or weak foals and the absence of any other factors that are commonly associated with abortion or neonatal death suggest that this pathogen may be the cause of the reproductive loss. The detection of C. psittaci in these cases is consistent with the recent detection of C. psittaci in association with equine abortion in New South Wales. These cases in Victoria show that C. psittaci, and the zoonotic risk it poses, should be considered in association with equine reproductive loss in other areas of Australia.  相似文献   

Soil temperature and moisture control in relation to screeningSolanum spp. for resistance to the potato cyst nematode (Globodera spp.) in greenhouses     

A. F. Van Der Wal  J. H. Vinke 《Potato Research》1982,25(1):23-29

Summary Recent improvements in screeningSolanum populations for resistance to the potato cyst nematode are described. Soil temperature control within the required optimum range is obtained in greenhouse by cooling the bench. The use of a cotton blanket (capillary matting) on the bench under the pots reduced the frequency of watering to once or twice a week. The system is reliable, and provides a large capacity/low cost facility for large-scale resistance screening.

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Zusammenfassung Es werden neuartige Verbesserungen zur Auslese vonSolanum-Hybriden auf Resistenz gegen Kartoffel-Zystennematoden beschrieben. Bei diesem Pathosystem ist das mass für die Resistenz quantitativ; ein Klon ist resistent, wenn die Vermehrungsrate des Nematoden an seinem Wurzelsystem 0,20 oder weniger ist (Kort et al., 1977). Verschiedene Faktoren beeinflussen die Vermehrung der Nematoden, von denen Bodentemperatur und Feuchtigkeit für die Zuverl?ssigkeit der Ergebnisse bei der Auslese oft entscheidend sind (Wallace, 1963; Clarce & Perry, 1977; Ferris, 1957; Trudgill, 1970). Um die Bodentemperatur innerhalb des Bereiches von 16 bis 23°C zu halten, wurde ein Kühlsystem errichtet, in dem gekühltes Wasser durch eine Hohlstruktur auf einem Gew?chshaustisch zirkulierte. Der Tisch war mit schwarzer Poly?thylenfolie wasserdicht gemacht worden, Kan?le entstanden durch Verwendung gewellter Polyesterplatten, die auf der Poly?thylenfolie auflagen und mit Kies bedeckt waren, um eine horizontale und flache Oberfl?che herzustellen. Auf dem Kies lag eine Poly?thylenmatte mit Kapillarbelag, auf diese wurden die Gef?sse mit verschiedenen Bodentypen gestellt. De Pflanzen in den Gef?ssen wurden ein- oder zweimal in der Woche gegossen. Der Effekt der Kühlung wird in Abbildung 1 gezeigt. Ein derartiges System scheint die Einhaltung der Bodentemperatur innerhalb des Optimalbereiches sogar unter ziemlich extremen Bedingungen in unseren Gew?chsh?usern gew?hrleisten. Wird die Frequenz des Giessens zur Erh?hung der Effizienz von einmal t?glich auf einoder zweimal w?chentlich reduziert, so wird es schwieriger, die Bodenfeuchtigkeit im optimalen Bereich zu halten. Wurde jedoch Erde mit hohem Gehalt an organischer Substanz verwendet, ergaben sich bei der Kombination mit kapillarischer Wasserführung keine Schwierigkeiten. Lehmiger Sand mit einer pF-Charakteristik nach Abb. 2 war ebenfalls verwendbar, mit einem Bodenwasser-Potential nahe dem Optimum von pF 2,3–2.4. Andere Bodentypen waren für diesen Zweck weniger gut geeignet (Tabelle 1). Die durchschnittliche Nematodenvermehrung war auf diesen Bodentypen meist geringer, und die Variationskoeffizienten stiegen an. Der Arbeitsaufwand für den Wurzelballentest reduzierte sich von zwei Minuten auf insgesamt eine Minute.

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Résumé Des améliorations récentes dans la recherche d'hybrides deSolanum pour leur résistance au nématode à kyste de la pomme de terre sont décrites. Dans ce système pathologique, la mesure de résistance est quantitative; un clone est résistant quand la multiplication du nématode sur le système racinaire est de 0,20 ou moins (Kort et al., 1977). De nombreux facteurs modifient la multiplication du nématode parmi lesquels la température et l'humidité du sol sont décisives pour une bonne fiabilité des résultats de recherche (Wallace, 1963; Clarke & Perry, 1977; Ferris, 1957; Trudgill, 1970). Pour contr?ler la température du sol à l'intérieur d'un intervalle 16–23°C, un système de refroidissement a été mis en place dans lequel de l'eau fra?che circulait à travers une structure évidée construite sur les tablettes d'une serre. La tablette a été rendue étanche par du polythène noir et des canaux ont été effectués avec des feuilles de polyester ondulées sur le polythène et recouverts de graviers afin d'obtenir une surface horizontale et plate. Un film de polythène avec un paillage capillaire a été étendu sur ce gravier et des pots de différents types de sol ont été déposés sur le paillage. Les plantes en pots ont été arrosées une à deux fois par semaine. L'effet de refroidissement sur la température du sol est indiqué dans la figure I. Un tel système permet de contr?ler la température du sol dans une échelle optimale même sous des conditions extrêmes dans notre serre. Quand la fréquence de l'arrosage est réduite de une fois par jour à une à deux fois par semaine pour augmenter l'efficacité, il devient plus difficile de contr?ler l'humidité dans une échelle optimale, mais lorsque une terre mise en pot contenant beaucoup de matière organique est utilisé avec un paillage capillaire, aucune difficulté n'apparait. Un sable argileux, avec un pF caractéristique comme il est indiqué dans la figure 2 peut être aussi utilisé avec un potentiel hydrique près de l'optimum de pF 2,3 à 2,4. D'autres types de sol étaient moins adaptés pour ce but (tableau 1). La multiplication moyenne de nématodes était généralement plus basse avec ces types de sol et les coefficients de variation augmentaient. Le temps nécessaire pour le test ‘Rootball’ étant réduit à un total de 1 minute par plante seulement, au lieu de 2 minutes, lorsque les pots étaient enterrés dans de la tourbe et arrosés une fois par jour.

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Suspected immune-mediated polysynovitis and serositis in a horse     

JM LUMSDEN 《Australian veterinary journal》1990,67(12):470-471

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Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence     

DG ALTMAN  JM BLAND 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(4):311-311

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Failure of a selective medium to isolate Haemophilus somnus strains   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JM KWIECIEN  PB LITTLE 《Australian veterinary journal》1989,66(5):159-160

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Vaccine efficacy for reducing turbinate atrophy and improving growth rate in piggeries with endemic atrophic rhinitis     

MJ KABAY  AR MERCY  JM LLOYD  GM ROBERTSON 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(5):101-103

Two vaccines, based on formalin-killed whole cells of toxigenic Pasteurella multocida type D and Bordetella bronchiseptica combined with a partially toxoided cell extract of P multocida, were prepared with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (vaccine 1) or by alum precipitation (vaccine 2). Each was tested for safety and efficacy in reducing the severity of nasal turbinate atrophy and improving the growth rate of pigs in three Western Australian commercial piggeries with endemic atrophic rhinitis. In safety experiments with vaccine 1, no adverse clinical effects were observed in vaccinated sows or their progeny. Piglets receiving vaccine 2 showed no injection site abnormalities, pyrexia or turbinate atrophy. In field trials, vaccine 1 significantly reduced the prevalence of moderate to severe nasal turbinate atrophy (Done score 3 to 5) when used in two piggeries (A and B). Progeny from vaccinated sows in piggery B also grew significantly faster than controls. When vaccine 2 was used in piggery A at a later date and in another piggery (C), growth rate was not improved in either piggery and the prevalence of moderate to severe turbinate atrophy was reduced only in piggery C.  相似文献