Food safety in raw milk production: risk factors associated to bacterial DNA contamination     

Cristine Cerva  Carolina Bremm  Emily Marques dos Reis  André Vinícius Andrade Bezerra  Márcia Regina Loiko  Cláudio Estêvão Farias da Cruz  Alexander Cenci  Fabiana Quoos Mayer 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(5):877-882

While human illness from milkborne pathogens may be linked to contamination of the product after pasteurization or improper pasteurization, such diseases are usually associated with consumption of raw milk or its by-products. Molecular biology tools were applied to investigate contamination by Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., some pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni in 548 raw milk samples from 125 dairy farms established in two regions from southern Brazil. Moreover, 15 variables were evaluated for their association with raw milk contamination levels, and the risk factors were determined by multiple regression analysis. Salmonella spp. were more frequently detected, followed by pathogenic E. coli. There was difference in contamination index between the regions, in which risk factors such as temporary cattle confinement, low milk production, low milking machine cleaning frequency, and milk storage area without tile walls were identified. The risk factors were specific to each region studied. Nevertheless, the data can be used to improve milk quality of dairy farms/herds with similar management practices.  相似文献   

Replacement of wheat bran with spineless cactus (Opuntia ficus indica Mill cv Gigante) and urea in the diets of Holstein x Gyr heifers     

Carolina Corrêa de Figueiredo Monteiro  Airon Aparecido Silva de Melo  Marcelo Andrade Ferreira  José Mauricio de Souza Campos  Julyana Sena Rodrigues Souza  Evannielly Thuanny dos Santos Silva  Rafael de Paula Xavier de Andrade  Emmanuelle Cordeiro da Silva 《Tropical animal health and production》2014,46(7):1149-1154

The aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement effect of wheat bran with spineless cactus and urea in heifers. Twenty-four heifers with an average initial weight of 185?±?13 kg were used in this experiment. Four levels of spineless cactus corrected with urea and ammonium sulfate (9:1) were studied: 0, 33, 66, and 100 % replacement with wheat bran. Samples of feed, orts, and feces were analyzed to estimate the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM) and nutrients. Indigestible neutral detergent fiber was used as an internal marker. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrient intake demonstrated a quadratic effect (P?P?P?相似文献   

Comparison of sperm parameters and fertility between sperm cryopreserved from ejaculated semen and from the epididymis of subfertile stallions     

G.A. Monteiro  Y.F.R. Sancler-SilvaC. Ramires-Neto  C.P. Freitas-Dell’AquaF.P. Hartwig  I. MartinA.M. Crespilho  M.A. AlvarengaF.O. Papa 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

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A Review of the Studies Using Buprenorphine in Cats     

P.V.M. Steagall  B.P. Monteiro‐Steagall  P.M. Taylor 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(3):762-770

Pain management is a crucial component of feline medicine and surgery. This review critically evaluates studies using buprenorphine in cats and highlights the clinical application of the opioid in this species. The pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) modeling of IV buprenorphine has been best described by a combined effect compartmental/receptor association‐dissociation model with negative hysteresis. Therefore, plasma concentrations of the drug are not correlated with analgesia, and clinicians should not expect to observe pain relief immediately after drug administration. In addition, a ceiling effect has not been demonstrated after administration of clinical doses of buprenorphine in cats; dosages of up to 0.04 mg/kg have been reported. The route of administration influences the onset, duration, and magnitude of antinociception and analgesia when using this drug in cats. At clinical dosages, the SC route of administration does not appear to provide adequate antinociception and analgesia whereas the buccal route has produced inconsistent results. Intravenous or IM administration at a dosage of 0.02–0.04 mg/kg is the preferred for treatment of pain in the acute setting. A literature search found 14 clinical trials evaluating buprenorphine sedation, analgesia, or both in cats. There were 22 original research studies reporting the antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine by means of thermal threshold, mechanical threshold, or both, minimal alveolar concentration, or PK‐PD. Individual variability in response to buprenorphine administration has been reported, indicating that buprenorphine may not provide sufficient analgesia in some cats. Pain assessment is important when evaluating the efficacy of buprenorphine and determining whether additional analgesic treatment is needed.  相似文献   

Numerical taxonomy of Portuguese Tronchuda cabbage and Galega kale landraces using morphological characters     

J. S. Dias  A. A. Monteiro  M. B. Lima 《Euphytica》1993,69(1-2):51-68

Summary A morphological study was carried out to determine the relationships among Portuguese cole landraces using 58 accessions belonging to: (i) Portuguese Tronchuda cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. tronchuda Bailey syn. var. costata De Candolle, Couve Tronchuda); (ii) Portuguese Galega kale (B. oleracea var. acephala De Candolle, Couve Galega); and (iii) other economically less important coles such as Algarve cabbages (B. oleracea var. capitata L., Couve do Algarve or B. oleracea var. sabauda L., Couve Repolho-lombarda do Algarve). The cole accessions were collected from the growers, studied under field conditions during two consecutive years, and characterized using 46 morphological characters from seedling stage to ripe silique. Morphological data were analysed by numerical taxonomy techniques using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages) and by principal component analysis (PCA). Phenograms based on correlation and distance coefficients showed the existence of 8 main groups (A-H). Five of these groups correspond to Tronchuda cabbage landraces: (A) Couves de Trás-os-Montes; (B) Couves do Minho; (C) Couves from Central Portugal; (D) Couve Portuguesa; (E) Couves from Southern inland Portugal. The three other groups correspond to: (F) cabbages; (G) miscellaneous coles; and (H) Galega kales. Landrace groups are primarily associated with morphological differences among accessions and secondly with accession geographical origin. The interannual character variation did not affect the clustering patterns of the accessions and therefore the stability of landrace classification. PCA was congruent with the landrace groups defined by the phenograms and gave supplementary information on the usefulness of the characters for the definition of the various groups.  相似文献   

Reducing NO2 Pollution over Urban Areas: Air Quality Modelling as a Fundamental Management Tool     

C. Borrego  A. Monteiro  E. Sá  A. Carvalho  D. Coelho  D. Dias  A. I. Miranda 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(8):5307-5320

Recently, specific air quality problems have been detected in the northern region of Portugal. The nitrogen oxide (NO₂) annual limit value has been surpassed at several air quality monitoring stations in the northern region, and according to European legislation, air quality plans must be designed and implemented to reduce those levels. The analysis of the air quality data from the stations concerning NO₂ exceedances indicates that traffic is responsible for an increase of more than 40?% compared with the urban background value. Specific measures to reduce NOx emissions have been selected and are related not only mainly to the traffic sector but also to the industrial and residential combustion sectors. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the selected measures on the ambient levels of NO₂ in northern Portugal using a numerical modelling tool??The Air Pollution Model (TAPM). TAPM was applied over the study region using a 120?×?120-km² simulation domain and a spatial resolution of 4.8?×?4.8?km². The entire year of 2010 was simulated and was set as the base year to analyse the impact of the selected measures. Two scenarios have been defined and simulated: the base situation, which considers current NOx emissions, and the reduction scenario for which NOx emissions were re-estimated considering the implementation of the measures. The modelling results demonstrate a decrease of 4?C5???g?m^?3 in the annual NO₂ levels in the study region. Moreover, the implementation of the selected measures will allow compliance with the NO₂ annual limit values in three of the five air quality stations that measured levels surpassing those established by legislation. This situation demands additional measures that should be implemented at the local level and that particularly focus on the traffic sector.  相似文献   

Influence of Ascorbic Acid and Glutathione Antioxidants on Frozen-Thawed Canine Semen     

JC Monteiro  JSA Gonçalves  JA Rodrigues  CF Lúcio  LCG Silva  MEOA Assumpção  CI Vannucchi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):359-362

Poor sperm viability post-thaw has resulted in constant research into methods of cryopreservation of canine semen. One factor that may be involved in poor viability is sperm oxidative stress caused by excessive formation of reactive oxygen species. The present study was performed in order to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA) and glutathione (Glu) added to an extender for the freeze-thawing of dog sperm. Semen from five mature dogs was collected and frozen in two studies. Prior to and after freezing, sperm motility, morphology and membrane status were examined. In addition, sperm motility was examined up to 120 min after thawing to evaluate thermo-resistance. In study I, semen was collected twice from each dog. On both occasions, semen was divided into three aliquots: control, Glu 1 m m and Glu 5 m m . In study II, semen was collected twice and divided into three aliquots; control, AA 50 μ m and AA 250 μ m . Initial sperm motility was significantly higher in sperm diluted with AA 50 μ m ; sperm longevity, however, measured by a thermal-resistance test (TRT), was higher for Glu treatments. Higher concentration of Glu produced significant improvement in TRT and membrane status, whereas higher concentration of AA had a negative impact in sperm longevity. Antioxidant supplementation to semen freezing extenders improved semen quality post-thaw. Moreover, Glu had the most beneficial effect when supplemented at 5 m m .  相似文献   

Diallel analysis for morphoagronomic descriptors in Physalis angulata L. hybrids     

de Souza Farias  Jos&#; Williano  Orella  Jonathan Said Tejeda  dos Santos Batista  Edgar  Cordeiro  Rafael Cruz  Passos  Adriana Rodrigues  Silva  Luiz Cl&#;udio Costa 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(3):1365-1374

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Physalis angulata L. is an American species with edible fruits that stands out for having high nutritional and pharmaceutical value. The species is found in...  相似文献