Cold exposure increases slow‐type myosin heavy chain 1 (MyHC1) composition of soleus muscle in rats     

Wataru Mizunoya  Yohei Iwamoto  Yusuke Sato  Ryuichi Tatsumi  Yoshihide Ikeuchi 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(3):293-304

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cold exposure on rat skeletal muscle fiber type, according to myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform and metabolism‐related factors. Male Wistar rats (7 weeks old) were housed individually at 4 ± 2°C as a cold‐exposed group or at room temperature (22 ± 2°C) as a control group for 4 weeks. We found that cold exposure significantly increased the slow‐type MyHC1 content in the soleus muscle (a typical slow‐type fiber), while the intermediate‐type MyHC2A content was significantly decreased. In contrast to soleus, MyHC composition of extensor digitorum longus (EDL, a typical fast‐type fiber) and gastrocnemius (a mix of slow‐type and fast‐type fibers) muscle did not change from cold exposure. Cold exposure increased mRNA expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in both the soleus and EDL. Cold exposure also increased mRNA expression of myoglobin, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) in the soleus. Upregulation of UCP3 and PGC1α proteins were observed with Western blotting in the gastrocnemius. Thus, cold exposure increased metabolism‐related factors in all muscle types that were tested, but MyHC isoforms changed only in the soleus.  相似文献   

One-step Generation of Phenotype-expressing Triple-knockout Mice with Heritable Mutated Alleles by the CRISPR/Cas9 System     

Wataru FUJII  Asuka ONUMA  Koji SUGIURA  Kunihiko NAITO 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2014,60(4):324-327

Triple-knockout mice generated by the one-step CRISPR/Cas9 system were examined for the effects of multiple gene modifications on each phenotype and individual gene function. Sixty embryos were transferred, and 9 pups were obtained; all 9 pups had mutations on 3 loci, and 7 pups showed mutations in all-alleles. F0 mice showed knockout phenotypes or no protein expression of target genes simultaneously, and these mutations were normally inherited in the next generation.  相似文献   

Functional and Morphological Variety in Trunk Muscles of Urodela     

Ayano OMURA  Wataru ANZAI  Hideki ENDO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2014,76(2):159-167

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Satellite cells produce neural chemorepellent semaphorin 3A upon muscle injury     

Hideaki OHTSUBO  Wataru MIZUNOYA  Mako NAKAMURA  Mitsuhiro FURUSE  Yoshihide IKEUCHI  Ryuichi TATSUMI 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(2):185-189

Regenerative mechanisms that regulate intramuscular motor innervation. including configuration of the neuromuscular connections are thought to reside in the spatiotemporal expression of axon‐guidance molecules. Our previous studies proposed a heretofore unexplored role of satellite cells as a key source of a secreted neural chemorepellent semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) expression. In order to verify this concept, there is still a critical need to provide direct evidence to show the up‐regulation of Sema3A protein in satellite cells in vivo upon muscle injury. The present study employed a Sema3A/MyoD double‐immunohistochemical staining for cryo‐sections prepared from cardiotoxin injected gastrocnemius muscle of adult mouse lower hind‐limb. Results clearly demonstrated that Sema3A expression was up‐regulated in myogenic differentiation‐positive satellite cells at 4–12 days post‐injury period, the time that corresponds to the cell differentiation phase characterized by increasing myogenin messenger RNA expression. This direct proof encourages a possible implication of satellite cells in the spatiotemporal regulation of extracellular Sema3A concentrations, which potentially ensures coordinating a delay in neurite sprouting and re‐attachment of motoneuron terminals onto damaged muscle fibers early in muscle regeneration in synchrony with recovery of muscle‐fiber integrity.  相似文献   

Intraocular peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a dog     

Sato T  Yamamoto A  Shibuya H  Sudo H  Shirai W  Amemori T 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2005,8(4):283-286

A tumor within the right globe in a 9-year-old Shetland sheepdog was examined pathologically. The tumor was composed of spindle or oval cells arranged in interwoven bundles with intervening collagenous or mucinous matrices. Immunohistochemically, the tumor bound antibody directed to S-100 protein and vimentin, but not to desmin, actin smooth muscle, or neurofilament. Electron microscopy revealed that the tumor cells had poorly developed cytoplasmic processes, desmosomes between closely contiguous cells, and a discontinuous basement membrane-like material. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) histologically. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of intraocular PNST in dogs.  相似文献   

Relationship between peripartal plasma oxytocin and prostaglandin F(2alpha) metabolite and placental expulsion time in heavy draft mares     

Ishii M  Kobayashi S  Acosta TJ  Miki W  Yamanoi T  Matsui M  Miyake Y  Miyamoto A 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(4):270-274

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between circulating oxytocin (OT) and PGF(2alpha) metabolite (PGFM) in mares at the third stage of labor and placental expulsion time in order to investigate a cause of retained placenta of which the incidence increase in a heavy draft mare. Blood was sampled every 5 min from foaling to expulsion of the placenta in 18 heavy draft mares to evaluate circulating OT and PGFM. The relationships between OT and PGFM concentration and recorded placental expulsion times were investigated. The results were as follows (1) The highest level of OT concentration was observed close to foaling in 15 mares. (2) The OT concentrations close to foaling were variable with a large difference from the lowest concentration, 22.1 pg/ml, to the highest concentration, 209.3 pg/ml. (3) The highest level of PGFM was observed close to foaling in 17 mares. (4) During the 60 min following foaling, the OT concentrations of the mares (n=11) that had a shorter placental expulsion time (i.e., <1 h), were significantly higher than those of the mares (n=7) that had a longer placental expulsion time (i.e., >1 h; P<0.05). Collectively, the OT concentration immediately after foaling is negatively related to the placental expulsion time. Deficiency of OT secretion at foaling have should be considered as one of the causes of retained placenta in heavy draft mares.  相似文献   

Increase in muscle endurance in mice by dietary Yamabushitake mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) possibly via activation of PPARδ     

Yusuke Komiya  Toshiya Nakamura  Momoko Ishii  Kuniyoshi Shimizu  Eri Hiraki  Fuminori Kawabata  Mako Nakamura  Ryuichi Tatsumi  Yoshihide Ikeuchi  Wataru Mizunoya 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(6):781-789

Skeletal muscle fiber is largely classified into two types: type 1 (slow‐twitch) and type 2 (fast‐twitch) fibers. Meat quality and composition of fiber types are thought to be closely related. Previous research showed that overexpression of constitutively active peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)δ, a nuclear receptor present in skeletal muscle, increased type 1 fibers in mice. In this study, we found that hexane extracts of Yamabushitake mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) showed PPARδ agonistic activity in vitro. Eight‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) freeze‐dried Yamabushitake mushroom for 24 hr. After the treatment period, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were excised. The Yamabushitake‐supplemented diet up‐regulated the PPARδ target genes Pdk4 and Ucp3 in mouse skeletal muscles in vivo. Furthermore, feeding the Yamabushitake‐supplemented diet to mice for 8 weeks resulted in a significant increase in muscle endurance. These results indicate that Yamabushitake mushroom contains PPARδ agonistic ligands and that dietary intake of Yamabushitake mushroom could activate PPARδ in skeletal muscle of mice. Unexpectedly, we observed no significant alterations in composition of muscle fiber types between the mice fed control and Yamabushitake‐supplemented diets.  相似文献   

Further research on the biological function of inclusion bodies of Anomala cuprea entomopoxvirus,with special reference to the effect on the insecticidal activity of a Bacillus thuringiensis formulation     

Wataru Mitsuhashi  Shoji Asano  Kazuhisa Miyamoto  Sanae Wada 《Pest management science》2014,70(1):46-54

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Re‐induction of obese body weight occurs more rapidly and at lower caloric intake in beagles     

D. Nagaoka  Y. Mitsuhashi  R. Angell  K. E. Bigley  J. E. Bauer 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(3):287-292

For the purpose of investigating the mechanism of obesity‐induction/re‐induction including weight‐cycling in beagles, a study was conducted using commercially available dog food combined with human food to mimic at home‐snacking and diet‐supplementation behaviours. Adult female beagles, which had free access to water and exercise, were used (n = 9). All dogs were initially offered two times their daily calculated number of calories using a dry extruded diet plus blend of canola and soybean oils and allowed to eat ad libitum. After 3 weeks, Pecan shortbread cookies were added to the diet mixture. Obesity was induced during a 19‐week period with 1875–2250 kcal/day consumed, on average, during this period. The dogs were then subjected to a weight‐loss regimen while consuming 490–730 kcal/day. After weight loss, a similar degree of obesity was re‐induced for 17 weeks even though dogs consumed only 1125–1250 kcal/day. Body weight, body condition scores, kcal consumption and food efficiency were recorded. Results indicated that less time and fewer kcal were required to re‐induce the same degree of obesity compared with the initial obesity induction. Human snack foods appeared to stimulate appetite and thus contribute to the obese state. Food efficiency was also increased during the obesity‐reinduction period compared with the induction period. This information may help pet owners better understand the need to limit table scraps and human‐type food snacks in dogs prone to obesity as well as weight maintenance after weight loss.  相似文献   

In vitro measurement of post‐natal changes in proliferating satellite cell frequency during rat muscle growth     

Takahiro SUZUKI  Hideyuki TAKAISHI  Tomowa SAKATA  Mai‐Khoi Q. DO  Minako HARA  Akiko SATO  Wataru MIZUNOYA  Takanori NISHIMURA  Akihito HATTORI  Yoshihide IKEUCHI  Ryuichi TATSUMI 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(2):245-251

Satellite cells, resident myogenic stem cells found in postnatal skeletal muscle, are most abundant during early postnatal development and sharply decline in frequency thereafter to adult levels in mice and rats. Therefore, postnatal changes in satellite cell mitotic activities are important aspects for further understanding a muscle growth strategy. In large meat‐production animals, however, the traditional in vivo proliferation assay may be less realistic because it requires intra‐peritoneal (ip) injection of huge dosage of mutagenic nucleosides, ³H‐labeled thymidine or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), at each age‐time of sacrifice. We report in the present pilot study using rats that in vivo proliferation activity of satellite cells can be evaluated by an in vitro BrdU‐incorporation assay in early cultures. Briefly, satellite cells were prepared from upper hind‐limb and back muscles and maintained for 24 h with imposing by BrdU addition for the last 2 h, followed by the regular immunocytochemistry for determining BrdU‐incorporated cell percentage. This in vitro assay demonstrated a rapid decrease in proliferating satellite cell frequency to the adult level during about 3‐month period after birth, and yielded a high correlation to the measurements by the in vivo BrdU ip‐injection method during the postnatal period examined from day‐2 to month‐11. The in vitro proliferation assay may be further adaptable for large domestic animals by the combination with a muscle biopsy technique that enables age‐interval sampling from the same growing animals.  相似文献