浅谈河北地区城市道路绿化的发展——以河北张家口市为例     

温亚利 《农业科技与信息》2011,(2)

道路绿化是城市园林绿化的重要组成部分。本文通过笔者所在城市道路绿化发展的概述,总结分析了城市道路绿化发展的四个阶段,以及现今存在的问题和未来的发展方向。  相似文献   

Variation of Color and Ray Pattern in Juvenile Shells in Hatchery‐produced Freshwater Triangle Pearl Mussels,Hyriopsis cumingii,in China     

Haibo Wen  Ruobo Gu  Zheming Cao  Xin Zhou  Zhijuan Nie  Xianping Ge  Pao Xu  Xin Zhou  Zhijuan Nie  Xianping Ge  Pao Xu  Dan Hua 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(1):154-160

The variation and inheritance of juvenile shell color and pigmentation pattern in the freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii, were reported in 1‐yr‐old progeny of eight families. There were three distinctive phenotypes of shell color and pigmentation patterns observed, including a greenish‐brown shell with radial rays, yellowish‐brown shell with radial rays, and yellowish‐brown shell without radial rays. There were no greenish‐brown individuals without radial rays. The shell color phenotypes showed variation with the growth in juvenile Stage I (1–3 cm in shell length), and the percentage of individuals with radial rays increased once they reached a shell length of 11 mm and then stabilized after reaching 20 mm in shell length. Shell color differentiation became more apparent at a shell length of 26 mm. Results of chi‐square tests of the segregation ratio of shell color or ray phenotypes obtained from eight families at juvenile Stage II (6–9 cm in shell length) suggested that greenish‐brown is controlled by a dominant allele (G) and yellowish‐brown‐shell phenotype is by a recessive allele (y); the ray pattern phenotype is controlled by a recessive (r) and a dominant allele (R) at a single locus. Shell color phenotypes may be a useful genetic marker for future selective breeding of triangle pearl mussels.  相似文献   

短消息在节水灌溉系统中的应用     

李瑞芳  徐晓辉  温阳  王清瑞 《农机化研究》2013,(8)

为了提高农田灌溉中水资源的利用率，实现农田智能化灌溉以及对灌溉系统中主要器件的故障诊断，利用短消息通讯、数据采集与灌溉控制技术，研制了一套包括数据采集、自动灌溉和检查易出故障器件的智能节水灌溉系统。该系统可以根据不同作物的生长需求、不同土质等因素设定自动灌溉参数，实施自动灌溉。通过实际使用证明，系统性能稳定，操作方便。  相似文献   

祁连山不同类型草地土壤细菌群落特征研究     

赵文  尹亚丽  李世雄  刘燕  刘晶晶  董怡玲  苏世锋  吉凌鹤 《草业学报》2021,30(12):161-171

祁连山是我国西部重要的生态屏障,拥有大量的草地资源。研究草地土壤细菌群落组成及其与土壤环境因子间的关系,可对维持草地生态及了解祁连山土壤细菌群落组成提供一定的数据基础。采用高通量测序技术检测并分析了祁连山默勒镇3种类型草地 （高寒草甸、人工草地、沼泽化草甸）0~10 cm土壤细菌群落结构及多样性,并对上述土壤细菌群落与土壤理化因子的相关性进行了系统的研究。结果表明：1）沼泽化草甸土壤全氮、全磷、有机质碳、含水量和硝态氮显著高于高寒草甸和人工草地（P<0.05）。2）3地共测得有效序列1022446条,以97%的一致性将序列聚类,高寒草甸、人工草地、沼泽化草甸OTU聚类均值分别是4917、5233、5075条。3）Shannon和Simpson多样性指数3地间差异不显著,Chao1指数表现为人工草地>高寒草甸>沼泽化草甸（P<0.05）。4）在门水平上,3地均以变形菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门和浮霉菌门为主要类群;在属水平上,表现出不同类型草地细菌富集类型不同。5）有机质碳、全磷、土壤含水量与土壤细菌群落的组成表现出极显著相关（P<0.01）。综上,祁连山地区小生境内3种草地土壤微生物群落存在差异,有机质碳、全磷、土壤含水量是影响群落的主要驱动因子。  相似文献   

播期对冀西北坝上农牧交错区青贮玉米产量和品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李雯  马琳峰  曹熙敏  俞凤芳  佘智慧  徐占云  刘贵河  吕爱枝 《草地学报》2021,29(5):1080-1086

为确定冀西北坝上地区青贮玉米（Zea maysL.）适宜的播种日期,本研究以青贮玉米‘德美亚1号’、‘院军1号’、‘巡天3号’、‘德美亚2号’4个品种为材料,设置S1（5月2日）、S2（5月7日）、S3（5月12日）3个播期,开展播期试验,探究3个播期下青贮玉米的株高、茎粗、叶面积指数、叶绿素含量等农艺性状及产量、品质的差异。结果表明：‘德美亚1号’株型适中、适合密植、生育期短,在5月7日播种,株高、茎粗最高,为208.95 cm,2.67 cm,叶面积指数为3.93,干草产量可达17.53 t·hm^-2,相对饲用价值最高达159.7,草品质达国标二级;‘德美亚2号’秆矮、早熟、抗逆性好,在5月7日种植产量为17.24 t·hm^-2,相对饲用价值达205.9,草品质达国标一级;‘院军1号’、‘巡天3号’含水量过高,不适宜制作青贮玉米。综上,‘德美亚1号’为最适宜在冀西北坝上农牧交错区种植的青贮玉米品种,播种期为5月7日。  相似文献   

青海扁茎早熟禾混播草地生产性能与种间关系的研究     

李思达  刘文辉  张永超  秦燕  李文 《草地学报》2021,29(12):2827-2837

为了探究早熟禾混播草地种间关系与生产特征,使用‘青海’中华羊茅（Festuca sinensis ‘Qinghai’）、'青牧1号’老芒麦（Elymus sibiricus ‘Qingmu No.1’）、‘同德’小花碱茅（Puccinellia tenuiflora ‘Tongde’）分别与‘青海’扁茎早熟禾（Poa pratensis var. anceps Gaund.‘Qinghai’）混播,在海北州西海镇开展了植株形态特征、生物量积累和分配、混播草地养分特征等研究。结果表明：使用老芒麦与早熟禾混播具有较高的生产性能。该处理相较于老芒麦单播草地的粗蛋白与总磷含量,分别提高7.51%与14.50%。相对饲用价值较早熟禾单播草地提高34.12%。因此,为解决青海扁茎早熟禾单播草地生产力不足的问题可以选用老芒麦与早熟禾进行混播。使用碱茅与早熟禾混播具有较高的种间相容性,因此碱茅与早熟禾混播具有较高的群落稳定性与产量稳定性。选用碱茅与早熟禾进行混播可以用于建植以生态治理为目的的混播草地。  相似文献   

浅析发酵乳霉菌零星污染来源及控制方法     

马维  宋波  陈文静  柴雪娇  杨琴芬 《中国乳业》2021,(7):87-90

霉菌在自然环境中普遍存在,而且以孢子形态随空气、水等媒介进行扩散。对食品原辅料及生产环境均可造成污染,是造成发酵乳变质的主要原因。发酵乳作为保质期较短且需冷链储运、销售的产品,零星的霉菌污染不会引起食品安全问题,但由于部分销售终端及三四线市场冷链运输缺失,造成霉菌生长,发酵乳呈现明显霉斑,导致消费者体验差,给企业品牌造成极坏影响,也影响了食品安全。本文概述了发酵乳中来自原辅料、环境、水中霉菌零星污染来源、验证方法以及相应控制措施,以期为发酵乳中霉菌控制提供参考。  相似文献   

Betaine Alleviates Heat Stress-Induced Hepatic and Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Broilers     

Chao Wen  Zhixian Leng  Yueping Chen  Liren Ding  Tian Wang  Yanmin Zhou 《The Journal of Poultry Science》2021,58(2):103

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine (BET) on growth performance, redox state, and related gene expression in broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 144 21-day-old male broiler chickens with similar body weights were assigned randomly to three treatments with six replicates (eight chickens per replicate cage). Broilers in the control (CON) group were kept at thermoneutral (TN, 22±1°C) conditions and fed a basal diet until they were 42 days of age. Broilers in the other two groups (defined as HS and HS + BET) were exposed to HS (34±1°C, 8 h/day) and fed the basal diet without or with 1000 mg/kg BET, respectively. Rectal and cockscomb temperature of broilers was increased (P<0.05) in HS and HS + BET groups compared with the CON group, whereas there was no difference between HS and HS + BET groups. Dietary BET supplementation restored (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers and reversed (P<0.05) the increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver tissue of broilers under HS. The HS + BET group had higher (P<0.05) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver tissue and mitochondria than the HS group, and the same pattern was observed for glutathione (GSH) and GSH/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in the liver tissue. The decreased mRNA levels of GPX1 and uncoupling protein (UCP) in the liver induced by HS were restored by BET supplementation. In conclusion, dietary BET supplementation can alleviate HS-induced hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative damage of broilers by regulating mRNA expressions of GPX1 and UCP.  相似文献   

乳酸菌噬菌体的分离及生物学特性鉴定     

秦松跃  赵莉  狄亚心  于晓丽  王丽  唐丽杰  徐义刚  周晗  姜艳平  崔文  李一经  乔薪瑗 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(6):2140-2149

为了解乳酸菌噬菌体的生物学特性,并为制定乳酸菌发酵生产过程中噬菌体污染的防控措施提供试验数据和参考,本研究通过斑点试验和双层琼脂平板法,以干酪乳杆菌（L. casei） ATCC 393、戊糖乳杆菌（L. pentosus） KLDS 1.0413、短小乳杆菌（L. brevis） ATCC 367为指示菌从乳制品、泡菜样品中分离乳酸菌噬菌体,通过透射电镜观察噬菌体形态,噬菌体基因组限制性内切酶作用分析其包装机制,并进行宿主范围和一步生长曲线的测定,SDS-PAGE分析噬菌体结构蛋白,对获得的噬菌体进行生物学特性鉴定。结果显示,分离获得3株烈性乳酸菌噬菌体,依次命名为Lc、Lpen和Lbre。电镜结果显示,噬菌体Lc、Lpen均由多面体头部和非收缩性尾部组成,而噬菌体Lbre由多面体头部和收缩性尾部组成。根据形态学分析,Lc和Lpen属于长尾噬菌体科（Siphoviridae）,B1类,Lbre属于肌尾噬菌体科（Myoviridae）,A1类。噬菌体基因组经限制性内切酶作用后,核酸电泳结果显示,噬菌体Lc、Lpen基因组均为异质平末端,其包装机制属满头包装,即pac-型,而Lbre含有黏性末端,其包装机制属于cos-型。宿主范围测定结果显示,噬菌体Lc、Lbre对宿主专一,而Lpen宿主谱较广。一步生长曲线显示,噬菌体Lc、Lpen和Lbre潜伏期分别为60、45和150 min,裂解期分别为45、90和105 min,裂解量分别为47、24和30 PFU/cell。SDS-PAGE分析显示,噬菌体Lc结构蛋白有7个,主要结构蛋白分子质量约为50 ku;噬菌体Lpen和Lbre结构蛋白均有5个,主要结构蛋白分子质量分别约为55和50 ku。综上,本研究分离获得3株乳酸菌烈性噬菌体,并对其主要生物学特性进行鉴定,对了解乳酸菌噬菌体及后续乳酸菌噬菌体污染的防治提供了试验数据和理论依据。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary supplementation of nucleotides from late gestation to lactation on the performance and oxidative stress status of sows and their offspring     

Chengquan Tan  Yongcheng Ji  Xichen Zhao  Zhongquan Xin  Jiaying Li  Shuangbo Huang  Zhiying Cui  Lijun Wen  Caihua Liu  Sung Woo Kim  Jinping Deng  Yulong Yin 《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(1):111

Increased metabolic burdens in breeding sows, which are induced by elevated systemic oxidative stress, could increase the need for nucleotides to repair lymphocyte DNA damage; however, de novo synthesis of nucleotides may be insufficient to cover this increased need. This study investigated the effects of dietary nucleotides on milk composition, oxidative stress status, and the reproductive and lactational performance of sows. Forty multiparous sows were assigned to 2 dietary treatments (Control group, and 1 g/kg Nucleotides group) based on a randomized complete block design using their BW at 85 d of gestation as a block. Sows from 2 groups were fed a restricted diet during gestation and ad libitum during lactation. The experiment lasted from 85 d of gestation to 21 d of lactation. The reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of suckling piglets were measured. Oxidative stress parameters and milk components were also analysed. Data were analyzed using contrasts in the MIXED procedure of SAS. Sows in the Nucleotides group consumed more feed during the first week (P < 0.01) and from 1 to 21 d (P < 0.05) of lactation than those in Control group. Correspondingly, the litter weight gain of piglets showed a tendency to increase from cross-fostering to 9 d (P = 0.09) and from cross-fostering to 20 d (P = 0.10) in the Nucleotides group relative to the Control group. Additionally, the Nucleotides group was higher (P < 0.01) than the Control group in the concentrations of uridine 5''monophosphate, guanosine 5''monophosphate, inosine 5''monophosphate, adenosine 5''monophosphate and total nucleotides in milk. Furthermore, the Nucleotides group was higher (P < 0.01) than the Control group in the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.01) for sows at 109 d of gestation and glutathione peroxidase for weaning piglets, but lower at the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (P < 0.05) in serum of weaning piglets. This study indicated that maternal dietary nucleotides could promote piglet growth, probably due to the higher lactational feed intake and higher concentration of nucleotides in the milk of sows, and lower oxidative stress for both sows and piglets.  相似文献