Development of an indirect competitive ELISA for flumequine residues in raw milk using chicken egg yolk antibodies   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Van Coillie E  De Block J  Reybroeck W 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(16):4975-4978

To detect flumequine in raw milk, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed. By carbodiimide conjugation, flumequine was conjugated to cationized bovine serum albumin (cBSA-flumequine) and to cationized ovalbumin (cOVA-flumequine). For the immunization of chickens, cBSA-flumequine was used, which allowed the isolation of specific chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) for flumequine. As the coating antigen in the immunoassay, cOVA-flumequine was used. In the indirect competitive assay, standard flumequine was incubated together with the anti-flumequine antibodies. The antibody by which the lowest concentration of free flumequine that gives 50% inhibition of binding (IC50) was found in aqueous dilution was further tested for the applicability to detect flumequine in raw milk. An IC50 level in milk was reached that was about 5 times lower than in aqueous solution. So flumequine can be detected directly in raw milk at maximum residue level (50 microg/kg). No cross-reactivity was noticed with various related quinolones.  相似文献   

Legal fundamentals and practical accomplishments of abattoir and meat research in mammalian game animals     

R M Hadlok  F Bert 《Tier?rztliche Praxis》1988,16(4):343-350

Meat regulations also involve game inspection. The previous publication mainly dealt with the regulations and their practice concerning game intended for slaughter. The following publication deals with game hunted for food (deer: red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, roe deer; horned ungulates: european mufflon, chamois; wild boar; european hare; european rabbit) and also game such as the badger and the raccoon.  相似文献   

Functional evaluation of the various calculation methods for precompression stress     

Jan De Pue  Gemmina Di Emidio  Adam Bezuijen  Wim M. Cornelis 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(3):459-469

Precompression stress (σ_p) is commonly used as an indicator for the load carrying capacity of a soil and its stress history. Several calculation methods have been proposed to determine σ_p, but they have proven to be not interchangeable. The aim of this study was to perform a functional evaluation of seven existing methods to test which method would be most recommended to assess soil strength in cultivated fields. This was achieved by investigating the relation of the obtained σ_p of undisturbed soil samples to other soil properties and stress history. Additionally, the robustness of the methods was evaluated by checking their sensitivity to perturbation of the measured strains. The two most commonly used methods, the Casagrande method and Gompertz model fit method, were found to be the least suitable to calculate σ_p. These methods lack robustness and do not yield a significant relation with the relevant soil properties or stress history. Better results were obtained with Intersecting linear regressions or at the inflection point of a fourth-degree polynomial.  相似文献   

Capnocytophaga canimorsus     

Wim Gaastra  Len J.A. Lipman 《Veterinary microbiology》2010,140(3-4):339-346

Capnocytophaga canimorsus is a commensal bacterium in the oral flora of dogs and cats. The bacterium is a zoonotic agent and has been isolated from humans, infected by dog or cat bites, scratches, licks or simply exposure to dogs or cats. Here the infectious agent, its pathogenicity and potential virulence factors, infection in animals and humans, diagnostic methods, prevalence, therapy and prevention are described. Suggestions for future research are given.  相似文献   

Effects of soil mechanical treatments combined with bramble and bracken control on the restoration of degraded understory in an ancient beech forest     

Sandrine Godefroid  Dennis Monbaliu  Wim Massant  Beatrijs Van der Aa  Bruno De Vos  Vincent Quivy  Nico Koedam 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(3):321-331

This paper describes the ground floor vegetation that developed four years after tillage implements in an ancient beech forest in central Belgium. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to explore whether tillage has a lasting effect on soil compaction and soil moisture as well as on vegetation characteristics; and (2) to analyse whether two distinct tillage treatments (rotary plough vs. disc plough), combined with vegetation control when necessary, have the same effect on soil compaction, soil moisture and plant establishment. Of the 29 species recorded, 15 showed a significant recovery after soil loosening in the studied forest area. Interestingly, different tillage treatments did not have the same influence on plant establishment. Treatment effects on soil structure and/or moisture status can be considered as causing the observed growth response.  相似文献   

Effect of Cropping System on Physical Properties of Clay Soil Under Intensive Rice Cultivation     

Linh Tran Ba  Khoa Le Van  Sara Van Elsacker  Wim M. Cornelis 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(4):973-982

Cropping systems are thought to alter soil quality in paddy rice fields. This study was conducted to quantify the long‐term effects of continuous crop production under different cropping systems with different crop rotations on physical properties of alluvial clay soil in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Soil samples were collected from four treatments: (i) traditional intensive rice monoculture with three rice crops per year (R–R–R); (ii) rotation with two rice crops and maize (R–M–R); (iii) rotation with two rice crops and mung bean (R–Mb–R); and (iv) rotation with one rice and two upland crops, mung bean and maize (R–Mb–M). We hypothesized that cropping systems with rotations of upland crops and their temporary beds improve the physical quality of paddy rice soil; hence, they are better options towards sustainable agriculture. Results show an improvement of soil physical quality for systems with two rice crops and one upland crop (R–M–R and R–Mb–R) and those with one rice crop with two upland crops (R–Mb–M) compared with intensive rice monoculture (R–R–R). This was translated in decreased bulk density and soil strength, increased soil organic carbon and total porosity, and higher aggregate stability index, plant‐available water capacity, and Dexter's S index, especially at depths of 10–20 and 20–30 cm. The systems with different upland crops (maize or mung bean) showed similar high physical quality improvement. To maintain soil quality in future seasons, introducing a cropping system with at least one upland crop in rotation with rice is recommended. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Validation of the tetrasensor honey test kit for the screening of tetracyclines in honey     

Reybroeck W  Ooghe S  De Brabander H  Daeseleire E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(21):8359-8366

Regarding anti-infectious agents, no maximum residue limits are fixed for honey in the European legislation. Discussions are being conducted in order to set working limits at the European level; for example, for tetracyclines, 20 microg/kg was proposed. The Tetrasensor Honey test kit is a receptor-based assay using dipsticks for a rapid screening (30 min) of honey on the presence of tetracyclines. The test was validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The test detects tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline in honey in a specific and sensitive way. Depending on the type of tetracycline, detection capabilities (CCbeta) between 6 and 12 microg/kg were obtained (4-7 microg/kg for dried dipsticks). The test is rugged and participation with the test in an international ring trial gave compliant results. It can be concluded that the Tetrasensor Honey test kit is a simple and reliable test that can even be used at the production site.  相似文献   

Cortex is driven by weak but synchronously active thalamocortical synapses     

Bruno RM  Sakmann B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5780):1622-1627

Sensory stimuli reach the brain via the thalamocortical projection, a group of axons thought to be among the most powerful in the neocortex. Surprisingly, these axons account for only approximately 15% of synapses onto cortical neurons. The thalamocortical pathway might thus achieve its effectiveness via high-efficacy thalamocortical synapses or via amplification within cortical layer 4. In rat somatosensory cortex, we measured in vivo the excitatory postsynaptic potential evoked by a single synaptic connection and found that thalamocortical synapses have low efficacy. Convergent inputs, however, are both numerous and synchronous, and intracortical amplification is not required. Our results suggest a mechanism of cortical activation by which thalamic input alone can drive cortex.  相似文献   

Comments to “Comparison of antibody responses after vaccination with two inactivated rabies vaccines” [Minke, J.M., et al., 2009. Vet. Microbiol. 133, 283–286]     

Saskia Van de Zande  Marianne Kaashoek  Wim Hesselink  David Sutton  Tom Nell 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(1-2):202-203

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The food contaminant fumonisin B1 reduces the maturation of porcine CD11R1+ intestinal antigen presenting cells and antigen-specific immune responses, leading to a prolonged intestinal ETEC infection     

Bert Devriendt  M��lanie Gallois  Frank Verdonck  Yann Wache  Diane Bimczok  Isabelle P. Oswald  Bruno M. Goddeeris    Eric Cox 《Veterinary research》2009,40(4)

Consumption of food or feed contaminated with fumonisin B₁ (FB₁), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, can lead to disease in humans and animals. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of FB₁ intake on the intestinal immune system. Piglets were used as a target and as a model species for humans since their gastro-intestinal tract is very similar. The animals were orally exposed to a low dose of FB₁ (1 mg/kg body weight FB₁) for 10 days which did not result in clinical signs. However, when compared to non-exposed animals, FB₁-exposed animals showed a longer shedding of F4⁺ enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) following infection and a lower induction of the antigen-specific immune response following oral immunization. Further analyses to elucidate the mechanisms behind these observations revealed a reduced intestinal expression of IL-12p40, an impaired function of intestinal antigen presenting cells (APC), with decreased upregulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II molecule (MHC-II) and reduced T cell stimulatory capacity upon stimulation. Taken together, these results indicate an FB₁-mediated reduction of in vivo APC maturation.  相似文献