Variability of fat content and fatty acids profiles in seeds of a Polish white lupin (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lupinus albus</Emphasis> L.) collection     

Wojciech Rybiński  Wojciech Święcicki  Jan Bocianowski  Andreas Börner  Elżbieta Starzycka-Korbas  Michał Starzycki 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(2):417-431

The paper assess the variability of fat content and fatty acids profiles in seeds of a white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) domestic collection. The initial material comprised 371 accessions originated from 30 countries of Europe, Asia, Africa, North- and South America and Australia. According to data given by accession donors the material is divided into four classes of origin: wild lines, landraces, lines created by man and cultivars. Variability of fat content and fatty acids composition were estimated in seeds of each accession. The average fat content for analyzed collection is 9.81%. The broadest range of fat content was noticed for landraces and cultivars as compared to narrowest represented by lines created by man. Fat content ranged from 6.9% (induced mutant Wt 95497) to 14.1% (Polish cultivar Wt 95420 and the landrace Wt 95212 from Jordan). From a dietetic point of view, oil quality is more important than oil quantity in lupin seeds. On average the fatty acid (FA) in examined accessions ranked in following order of abundance: oleic acid (C_18:1) > linoleic acid (C_18:2) > linolenic acid (C_18:3) > palmitic acid (C_16:0) > eicosenoic acid (C_20:1) > stearic acid (C_18:0) ≈ erucic acid (C_22:1). In respect to unsaturated fatty acid (UFA), monounsaturated oleic acid in each of estimated classes of accessions was predominant and most abundant (55.7%) in broad range of minimum–maximum values from 41.2 to 66.2%. The second examined monounsaturated fatty acid was erucic acid (1.74%) found in seeds of almost all studied accessions. An exception were four accessions defined similarly to rapeseeds as “zero erucic” forms. In seeds of few accessions a content of erucic acid exceeded 3%. Among polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic FA (ω?6) dominated followed by linolenic FA (ω?3). Both FA were in the range 13.7–33.2% and 5.6–12.8% with mean values on the level 19.6 and 10.1%, respectively. As a consequence, the examined white lupin seeds showed a very favourable ω?3/ω?6 FA ratio (0.51), ranging from 0.21 to 0.87, much higher than that of most vegetable oils. Fat content was positively correlated with stearic and oleic fatty acids and negatively with palmitic, linoleic, linolenic and erucic acid.  相似文献   

Identification,ecological evaluation and phylogenetic analysis of non‐symbiotic endophytic fungi colonizing timothy grass and perennial ryegrass grown in adjacent plots     

Sebastian Wojciech Przemieniecki  Marta Damszel  Tomasz Pawe&#x; Kurowski  J&#x;drzej Mastalerz  Karol Kotlarz 《Grass and Forage Science》2019,74(1):42-52

Non‐systemic endophytes coexist with grasses and produce positive or negative effects for the host. In agricultural grasses, endophytes such as Epichloë spp. (formerly: Neotyphodium spp.) enhance the biometric parameters and agricultural value of grass biomass and seeds. Some endophytic fungi produce active substances that exert a negative influence on grass‐fed livestock. There is a general scarcity of studies investigating other endophytic fungi, the species composition of fungal communities, fungal species capable of colonizing different grasses and endophyte transfer between grass taxa. This study aims to fill in the existing knowledge gap by describing the relationships between fungal species and grass species. Timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) is more readily colonized by endophytic fungi than perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and the ratio of fungi isolated from the above species was determined at 3:1. Ecological indicators, especially diversity, were also higher in the fungal community colonizing timothy grass. The vast majority of the isolated fungi were ascomycetes. In addition, two Basidiomycota isolates and three Oomycota isolates (Phythium acanthicum) were also obtained from timothy grass. The most prevalent fungal species were Alternaria alternata, Microdochium bolleyi and Epicoccum nigrum. An analysis of minisatellite DNA regions revealed high levels of genetic polymorphism in A. alternata, whereas the remaining isolates were characterized by low levels of genetic variation or genetic homogeneity. The transfer of endophytic fungi between grass species was determined, which was one of the most important observations made in the study. The Sørensen–Dice coefficient reached 50%, which indicates that all fungal species isolated from perennial ryegrass are capable of colonizing timothy grass.  相似文献   

Effect of dolomite,magnesium oxide (MgO) and chalk (CaCO3) on in vitro fermentation of amorphous and crystalline cellulose and meadow hay using inoculum from sheep     

Váradyová Z  Baran M  Zawadzki W  Siroka P 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2003,116(1-2):50-54

Some minerals can influence some biochemical parameters of rumen fermentation. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of different amounts (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 g) of dolomite and to compare the effect of dolomite, magnesium oxide (MgO) and chalk (CaCO3) upon the end products of rumen fermentation in vitro. Amorphous and crystalline cellulose as well as meadow hay were used as substrates and incubated with buffered rumen fluid in sealed fermentation bottles. In dependence on the amount of dolomite and the kind of substrate an inhibitory effect of dolomite on methane production was evident. Significant differences of methane production were found between the controls, crystalline cellulose and meadow hay with 0.5 g of dolomite. An increase of total gas production was observed for cellulose with both 0.25 and 0.5 g of dolomite and also for meadow hay with 0.5 g of dolomite. It can be concluded that there was a remarkable effect of dolomite on methane production and also a slight effect of magnesium oxide and chalk as compared to the effect of dolomite on the fermentation parameters of incubated substrates.  相似文献   

Typing of Yersinia Enterocolitica Isolates by ITS Profiling,REP‐ and ERIC‐PCR     

&#x;. Wojciech  Z. Staroniewicz  A. Jakubczak  M. Ugorski 《Zoonoses and public health》2004,51(5):238-244

Thirty‐five Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from humans, pigs and foxes were analysed by genotyping including intergenic transcribed sequence (ITS) profiling, REP‐ and ERIC‐PCR. ERIC‐PCR revealed the presence of seven different genotypes. Amplification of the 16S‐23S rDNA spacer region by ITS profiling gave similar results with nine different genotypes. REP‐PCR was found to be more discriminatory for typing of Y. enterocolitica than ERIC‐PCR and ITS profiling. Fifteen different DNA patterns were obtained by this technique. Based on data obtained by three methods it was found that: (i) Y. enterocolitica strains belonging to the same serotype can represent different genotypes and vice versa; (ii) isolates recovered from humans, pigs and foxes exhibit limited heterogeneity and, independent of the origin, one or two prevailing genotypes were always observed; and (iii) many human Y. enterocolitica isolates shared common genotypes with porcine isolates.  相似文献   

An analysis of isozymic loci polymorphism in the core collection of the Polish Pisum genebank     

Wojciech K. Świecicki  Bogdan Wolko  Somsak Apisitwanich  Paweł Krajewski 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2000,47(6):583-590

The investigated material consisted of the core collection of the Polish Pisum gene bank at Wiatrowo and represented a described, monohybrid variation (type lines for characters/genes and their initial lines, tester lines with markers and lines from wild taxa, 266 accessions in total). A polymorphism in 18 isozymic loci was analyzed (Lap-1, Px-1, Aat-p, Aat-m, Aat-c, Pgm-c, Pgm-p, Gpi-c, Idh, Acp-1, Skdh, Est-1, Est-2, Est-3, Aldo, 6Pgd-p, 6Pgd-c, Dia-1). The practical outcome of the analysis was a selection of lines with a high number of fast or slow isozymic alleles, useful as tester lines with markers for chromosome mapping. A polymorphism was stated in all investigated loci with 2 to 4 alleles ranging from very fast, fast, slow to very slow. Fast and slow alleles occurred in all loci. In 11 loci the incidence of fast alleles was higher than slow ones. Conversly, slow alleles occurred more frequently than fast ones in 5 loci. Additionally, there was a low incidence of a very fast allele in 7 loci and of a very slow allele in 3 loci. A slow allele was rare in 2 loci. Primitive lines and land races were a source of these rare alleles. It is suggested to consider a frequent allele of a given locus found in a group of wild lines as a so-called wild type of Pisum.  相似文献   

The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hervé Jactel  Bruce C. Nicoll  Manuela Branco  José Ramon Gonzalez-Olabarria  Wojciech Grodzki  Bo Långström  Francisco Moreira  Sigrid Netherer  Christophe Orazio  Dominique Piou  Helena Santos  Mart Jan Schelhaas  Karl Tojic  Floor Vodde 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(7):701-701

? This article synthesizes and reviews the available information on the effects of forestry practices on the occurrence of biotic and abiotic hazards, as well as on stand susceptibility to these damaging agents, concentrating on mammal herbivores, pest insects, pathogenic fungi, wind and fire.

? The management operations examined are site selection, site preparation, stand composition, regeneration method, cleaning and weed control, thinning and pruning, and harvesting. For each of these operations we have examined how they influence the occurrence of biotic and abiotic damaging agents, the susceptibility of European forests, and describe the ecological processes that may explain these influences.

? Overall, we find that the silvicultural operations that have the largest influence on both biotic and abiotic risks to European forest stands are closely related to species composition and the structure of the overstorey. Four main processes that drive the causal relationships between stand management and susceptibility have been identified: effect on local microclimate, provision of fuel and resources to biotic and abiotic hazards, enhancement of biological control by natural enemies and changes in individual tree physiology and development.

? The review demonstrates an opportunity to develop silvicultural methods that achieve forest management objectives at the same time as minimising biotic and abiotic risks.

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Genetic structure and variability of phenological forms in the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)     

Wojciech Kraj  Agnieszka Sztorc 《Annals of Forest Science》2009,66(2):203-203

? Microsatellite markers were used to describe the genetic structure and variability of early, intermediate and late phenological forms of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Two hundred and seventy individuals from three populations located in southern Poland were divided into three forms according to the phenological criterion — bud burst, and analyzed for allelic variation at five highly polymorphic microsatellite loci.

? Population differentiation was moderate and differed significantly among phenological forms. Average values of F _ST and R _ST decreased across phenological forms and amounted to F _ST values of 0.135, 0.110 and 0.108 and R _ST values of 0.365, 0.231 and 0.098 for early, intermediate and late forms of beech, respectively.

? Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed different genetic structures characteristic of respective phenological forms of beech. The amount of within-population variability increased with the delay of the beginning of vegetation and amounted to 64%, 77% and 90% of total variability, depending on phenological form. A similar trend was found in average pairwise genetic distance between individuals belonging to a given phenological form (11.78, 11.85 and 12.22, from early to late forms).

? Our results demonstrate the importance of late spring frosts as a factor influencing the genetic structure of beech, and as a cause of the decrease in genetic variability as well as the increase in population differentiation proportional to the degree of phenological earliness.

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IMPACTS OF TECHNICAL ENVIRONMENT ON THE ADOPTION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES AMONG FARMERS: EVIDENCE FROM HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE,CHINA     

Haoyue YANG  Ting MENG  Wojciech J. FLORKOWSKI 《农业科学与工程前沿(英文版)》2023,10(1):31-47

Excessive application of mineral fertilizers and synthetic pesticides poses a substantial threat to the soil and water environment and food security.Organic fertilizer and biopesticides have gradually become essential technology for reducing mineral fertilizer and pesticide inputs. In the process,the technical environment is critical for promoting farmer behavior related to the adoption of organic fertilizer and biopesticides. This paper analyzes the influence of the technical environment on far...  相似文献   

Core Oligosaccharide of Plesiomonas shigelloides PCM 2231 (Serotype O17) Lipopolysaccharide—Structural and Serological Analysis     

Anna Maciejewska  Jolanta Lukasiewicz  Marta Kaszowska  Aleksandra Man-Kupisinska  Wojciech Jachymek  Czeslaw Lugowski 《Marine drugs》2013,11(2):440-454

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Coarse woody debris of Fagus sylvatica produced a quantitative organic carbon imprint in an andic soil     

Viliam Pichler  Erika Gömöryová  Marián Homolák  Magdaléna Pichlerová  Wojciech Skierucha 《Journal of Forest Research》2013,18(5):440-444

Coarse woody debris (CWD) is involved in important forest ecosystem functions and processes, e.g., habitat provision, water retention, and organic matter decomposition. However, a quantitative, CWD-produced soil organic carbon (SOC) imprint has not yet been detected, possibly due to lack of free adsorption sites on soil minerals. To circumvent this potential constraint, we selected plots with and without CWD in a beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) primeval forest in the West Carpathian volcanic range (Slovakia). Local andic soil contains abundant allophane and amorphous Fe-compounds as important SOC binding agents. The C concentration in the fine earth of sampled soils was determined by the dry combustion method. We established that organic carbon concentration decreased with depth from 0.20 kg kg^?1 (0.0–0.3 m) to 0.11 kg kg^?1 (0.3–0.5 m) in soil with CWD and from 0.13 kg kg^?1 (0.0–0.3 m) to 0.07 kg kg^?1 (0.3–0.5 m) in soil without CWD. The respective average differences in soil organic carbon concentration (0.07 kg kg^?1) and stock (15.84 kg m^?2) between the two series of plots within the upper 0.3 m were significant according to the t test (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01, respectively). Also, corresponding differences within the 0.3–0.5 m layer (0.04 kg kg^?1 and 5.51 kg m^?2) were significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). Our results represent the first indication that CWD-produced SOC imprint may reach deeper than just a few centimeters in soils featuring high adsorption capacity, such as Andosols.  相似文献