National association of biology teachers (q8)     

Wong HK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1966,151(3712):887-889

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Evaluation of an antimicrobial resistance monitoring program for Campylobacter in poultry by simulation     

Regula G  Lo Fo Wong DM  Ledergerber U  Stephan R  Danuser J  Bissig-Choisat B  Stärk KD 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2005,70(1-2):29-43

An ideal national resistance monitoring program should deliver a precise estimate of the resistance situation for a given combination of bacteria and antimicrobial at a low cost. To achieve this, decisions need to be made on the number of samples to be collected at each of different possible sampling points. Existing methods of sample size calculation can not be used to solve this problem, because sampling decisions do not only depend on the prevalence of resistance and sensitivity and specificity of resistance testing, but also on the prevalence of the bacteria, and test characteristics of isolation of these bacteria. Our aim was to develop a stochastic simulation model that optimized a national resistance monitoring program, taking multi-stage sampling, imperfect sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests, and cost-effectiveness considerations into account. The process of resistance testing of Campylobacter spp. isolated from cloacal swab samples from poultry was modeled using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo model. Different sampling scenarios on the number of flocks to be tested, the number of birds from each flock, and the number of campylobacter colonies submitted to susceptibility testing were evaluated regarding the precision of the resulting prevalence estimate. Precision of the prevalence estimate was defined as the absolute difference between apparent and true prevalence of resistance. A partial budget approach was utilized to find the most cost-effective combination of samples to obtain a defined precision of the prevalence estimate. For a sampling scenario testing 100 flocks, five birds per flock, and one campylobacter colony per sample, the median error of the prevalence estimate was 2.5%, and 95% of the simulations resulted in an error of 7% or less. When the total number of samples was kept constant, maximizing the number of flocks tested, and only testing one bird per flock resulted in the most precise prevalence estimate. Submitting more than one campylobacter colony to resistance testing did not improve the prevalence estimate. Partial budget analysis indicated that the most cost-effective strategy was testing of two birds per flock, and submitting one colony per sample to resistance testing.  相似文献   

Long-term effects of early life L-arginine supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organs and immune responses in Leghorn-type chickens     

Deng K  Wong CW  Nolan JV 《British poultry science》2005,46(3):318-324

The effects of a short-term dietary arginine supplementation after hatching on subsequent growth and the immune system were assessed in growing male Leghorn-type chickens. An arginine-deficient basal diet (67 g/kg) supplemented with 0 (control), 2.7 (LA) or 5.4 (HA) g L-arginine/kg, was offered ad libitum to 1-d-old male ISA Brown chicks for 4 weeks, then all birds were offered ad libitum a commercial pullet grower feed (8.9 g arginine/kg) for another 8 weeks. Supplemented birds had higher growth rates and feed intake than control birds during the 4-week supplementation period, but these effects did not persist into the subsequent periods. When the supplementation ceased at week 4, no differences in lymphoid organ weights relative to body weight (BW), primary serum antibody levels against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or cutaneous reactivity of toe webs to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were detected. LA-fed birds had lower immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels against bovine serum albumin (BSA) than the control at week 4, but this effect did not persist at weeks 8 and 12. No difference in anti-BSA IgM levels was detected among birds at week 4; at week 12, however, the LA-fed birds had a significantly higher anti-BSA IgM level than the control. An increased anti-SRBC antibody level and a reduced relative bursa weight in HA-fed birds were evident at week 8, without any prior effects. It is concluded that short-term supplementary L-arginine had minimal effects on immunity, but some enhancement of SRBC antibody responses in later stages of growth was observed with previous L-arginine administration.  相似文献   

Two clinical manifestations of furazolidone toxicity in calves     

JW FINNIE 《Australian veterinary journal》1992,69(1):21-21

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Herd-level risk factors for subclinical Salmonella infection in European finishing-pig herds   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Lo Fo Wong DM  Dahl J  Stege H  van der Wolf PJ  Leontides L  von Altrock A  Thorberg BM 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2004,62(4):253-266

Our objective was to find herd factors associated with pigs testing seropositive for Salmonella. Data were collected from 359 finishing-pig herds in Germany, Denmark, Greece, The Netherlands and Sweden, between 1996 and 1998. Pigs fed non-pelleted feed (dry or wet) had 2- and 2.5-times lower odds of seropositivity, compared to pigs fed pelleted feed. The protective effect of non-pelleted feed over pelleted feed may be ascribed to the structure and composition. Also, pigs that were given whey (to drink or as the liquid part of the diet) had 2.6-times lower odds to test seropositive than pigs not getting whey. Pigs produced in batches in herds with hygienic-lock facilities had >3-times lower odds for testing seropositive compared to pigs in herds where only one or neither factor was present. In herds where the caretaker(s) washed hands consistently before tending to the animals, pigs had 1.5-times lower odds of seropositivity than pigs in herds where the caretaker did not. Pigs which were able to have snout contact with pigs in neighbouring pens (because pen separations were either open or too low) had 1.7-times higher odds to test seropositive compared to pigs for which such contact was prevented. Pigs in herds recruiting from more than three supplier herds had three-times higher odds to test seropositive than pigs in herds which breed their own replacement stock or recruit from a maximum of three supplier herds.  相似文献   

The need for a cross-species approach to the study of pain in animals     

Paul-Murphy J  Ludders JW  Robertson SA  Gaynor JS  Hellyer PW  Wong PL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2004,224(5):692-697

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河南省平舆县农业环境污染现状及防治对策     

汤艳峰  翁瑞华  胡心伟 《北京农业》2012,(15):203-204

分析河南省平舆县农业环境污染的主导因素:土壤受废水、农药、化肥、地膜、畜禽粪便对环境污染现状,探讨防治对策.  相似文献   

贵州省赤水市大棚种植金钗石斛的气候评价     

翁玲  陈宇 《北京农业》2012,(18):160-161

对赤水市大棚小气候特征与石斛生长气象条件进行对比分析。结果表明,整个春末至秋初,棚内气温达到石斛生长适宜温度,冬季气温满足石斛冬眠需要;夏季棚内最高气温超出石斛生长的最高临界温度4.0～7.0℃,春秋两季棚内最高气温上限也达到石斛生长的最高临界温度,但最低气温均高于石斛生长的最低临界温度。对不利于大棚石斛生产的气象条件,提出具有针对性和合理化的小气候调控措施。  相似文献   

番茄黄化曲叶病毒病防控技术     

翁爱群 《北京农业》2012,(18):84

介绍做好番茄黄化曲叶病毒病防控的基本原则,以及做好番茄黄化曲叶病毒病防控的具体措施。  相似文献   

Excitation of orbital angular momentum resonances in helically twisted photonic crystal fiber     

GK Wong  MS Kang  HW Lee  F Biancalana  C Conti  T Weiss  PS Russell 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6093):446-449

Spiral twisting offers additional opportunities for controlling the loss, dispersion, and polarization state of light in optical fibers with noncircular guiding cores. Here, we report an effect that appears in continuously twisted photonic crystal fiber. Guided by the helical lattice of hollow channels, cladding light is forced to follow a spiral path. This diverts a fraction of the axial momentum flow into the azimuthal direction, leading to the formation of discrete orbital angular momentum states at wavelengths that scale linearly with the twist rate. Core-guided light phase-matches topologically to these leaky states, causing a series of dips in the transmitted spectrum. Twisted photonic crystal fiber has potential applications in, for example, band-rejection filters and dispersion control.  相似文献