Interaction of rumen bacteria as assumed by colonization patterns on untreated and alkali‐treated rice straw     

Satoshi Koike  Hiroyoshi Yabuki  Yasuo Kobayashi 《Animal Science Journal》2014,85(5):524-531

Colonization patterns of representative rumen bacteria were compared between untreated rice straw (UTS) and sodium hydroxide‐treated rice straw (SHTS). UTS and SHTS were incubated in the rumen of sheep for 10 min, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h using the nylon bag method. The population sizes of 13 representative bacterial species or groups were quantified by real‐time PCR. The total bacterial population size (abundance) was similar in both UTS and SHTS. Fibrobacter succinogenes showed a higher population size compared to other fibrolytic species and was detected at a higher level in SHTS (3.7%) than in UTS (2.6%). Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were also detected at higher levels in SHTS (0.15% and 0.29%) than in UTS (0.03% and 0.18%). Population sizes of non‐fibrolytic species, such as Selenomonas ruminantium, Anaerovibrio lipolytica and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens were higher in UTS than in SHTS. Coefficient of determination (r²) on population changes between bacterial species or groups were higher in UTS than in SHTS, suggesting the necessity of stronger bacterial interactions for UTS digestion. Therefore, not only colonization of fibrolytic species, but also synergistic interactions between different bacterial species may be key to the ruminal digestion of rice straw.  相似文献   

Expression of Endometrial Immune-related Genes Possibly Functioning During Early Pregnancy in the Mare     

Yurika TACHIBANA  Yasuko NAKANO  Kentaro NAGAOKA  Masato KIKUCHI  Yasuo NAMBO  Shingo HANEDA  Motozumi MATSUI  Yo-ichi MIYAKE  Kazuhiko IMAKAWA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2013,59(1):85-91

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Effects of soy protein isolate feeding on severe kidney damage in DOCA salt-treated obese Zucker rats     

Asanoma M  Tachibana N  Hirotsuka M  Kohno M  Watanabe Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(21):5367-5372

This study assessed the effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) on severe kidney damage in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt-treated obese Zucker rats. These rats underwent heminephrectomy and were fed either casein or SPI diet for 12 weeks. From weeks 8 to 10 of the experiment, kidney damage was induced by biweekly injection of 25 mg/kg DOCA and administration of 0.5% NaCl (w/v) ad libitum. Urinary protein and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase excretions of SPI rats were much lower than those of casein rats at weeks 1 (p < 0.01) and 2 (p < 0.05) after DOCA treatment. Abnormal mineral excretions induced by DOCA treatment in casein rats were hardly detected in SPI rats. Severe atrophy of tubular epithelium and some flattened/detached renal tubules were also observed in casein rats, but not in SPI rats. These results indicate that consecutive treatment of SPI protects against renal dysfunction, particularly tubulointerstitial nephritis, in DOCA salt-treated obese Zucker rats.  相似文献   

Post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO3   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Murakami M  Hirose K  Kawamura K  Sata N  Ohishi Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5672):855-858

In situ x-ray diffraction measurements of MgSiO3 were performed at high pressure and temperature similar to the conditions at Earth's core-mantle boundary. Results demonstrate that MgSiO3 perovskite transforms to a new high-pressure form with stacked SiO6-octahedral sheet structure above 125 gigapascals and 2500 kelvin (2700-kilometer depth near the base of the mantle) with an increase in density of 1.0 to 1.2%. The origin of the D" seismic discontinuity may be attributed to this post-perovskite phase transition. The new phase may have large elastic anisotropy and develop preferred orientation with platy crystal shape in the shear flow that can cause strong seismic anisotropy below the D" discontinuity.  相似文献   

The electrical conductivity of post-perovskite in Earth's D' layer     

Ohta K  Onoda S  Hirose K  Sinmyo R  Shimizu K  Sata N  Ohishi Y  Yasuhara A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5872):89-91

Recent discovery of a phase transition from perovskite to post-perovskite suggests that the physical properties of Earth's lowermost mantle, called the D' layer, may be different from those of the overlying mantle. We report that the electrical conductivity of (Mg0.9Fe0.1)SiO3 post-perovskite is >10(2) siemens per meter and does not vary greatly with temperature at the conditions of the D' layer. A post-perovskite layer above the core-mantle boundary would, by electromagnetic coupling, enhance the exchange of angular momentum between the fluid core and the solid mantle, which can explain the observed changes in the length of a day on decadal time scales. Heterogeneity in the conductivity of the lowermost mantle is likely to depend on changes in chemistry of the boundary region, not fluctuations in temperature.  相似文献   

Ant nestmate and non-nestmate discrimination by a chemosensory sensillum   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ozaki M  Wada-Katsumata A  Fujikawa K  Iwasaki M  Yokohari F  Satoji Y  Nisimura T  Yamaoka R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5732):311-314

In animal societies, chemical communication plays an important role in conflict and cooperation. For ants, cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) blends produced by non-nestmates elicit overt aggression. We describe a sensory sensillum on the antennae of the carpenter ant Camponotus japonicus that functions in nestmate discrimination. This sensillum is multiporous and responds only to non-nestmate CHC blends. This suggests a role for a peripheral recognition mechanism in detecting colony-specific chemical signals.  相似文献   

Malignant Lymphoma with Severe Infiltrative Growth into Skeletal Muscles in WBN/Kob Rats     

Sano T  Ozaki K  Kodama Y  Matsuura T  Narama I 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(3):173-178

Although spontaneously occurring neoplasms have been reported repeatedly in F344, SD and Wistar rats, which are commonly used strains for routine toxicologic and carcinogenicity studies, there are only a few reports of malignant lymphoma or lymphatic leukemia except for large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGL) in F344 rats. Malignant lymphoma (lymphosarcoma) is thought to be uncommon in F344 rats. The authors encountered malignant lymphomas of the non-LGL leukemia type with characteristic pathologic features in WBN/Kob rats. The mean age at onset of the disease in all 13 affected rats (8 males and 5 females) was about 60 weeks. Common and characteristic clinical signs were abnormal gait with hind limb paralysis. Macroscopically, the enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen and liver was slight to moderate. Scattered multiple white-to-gray nodules encompassed the aorta and assumed a bead-like appearance near the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Histopathologically, neoplastic proliferative changes were predominant in the bone marrow tissue of the entire body, and many tumor cells infiltrated the spleen and several lymph nodes. The most striking histological features were constant and severe infiltration of tumor cells in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle adjacent the thoracic and lumber vertebrae. Immunohistochemically, all tumor cells were positive for B-cell markers (PAX-5, CD79a and CD45) and negative for CD3. From the results of immunohistochemistry and morphological examination, these tumors were diagnosed as malignant B-cell lymphomas.  相似文献   

Spontaneous iron accumulation in hepatocytes of a 7-week-old female rat     

Miyata K  Sukata T  Kushida M  Ogata K  Suzuki M  Ozaki M  Ozaki K  Uwagawa S 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2009,22(3):199-203

Spontaneous iron accumulation in hepatocytes was observed in a 7-week-old female Han Wistar GALAS rat. Very fine yellowish brown pigments, which showed a positive reaction with Berlin Blue stain, were apparent in the cytoplasm close to the bile canaliculi, with a diminishing periportal-to-centrilobular gradient. There were also differences in distribution between and within lobes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed cytosolic ferritin and pericanalicular siderosomes in hepatocytes. No degeneration or necrotic changes were observed, and non-hepatocyte cells did not demonstrate any obvious accumulation of iron. There were no abnormalities in the animal other than this finding in the liver.  相似文献   

Stereolithographic biomodeling of equine ovary based on 3D serial digitizing device     

Junpei Kimura  Nobunori Kakusho  Kenji Yamazawa  Yuuko Hirano  Yasuo Nambo  Hideo Yokota  Ryutaro Himeno 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2009,10(2):161-163

The 3D internal structure microscopy (3D-ISM) was applied to the equine ovary, which possesses peculiar structural characteristics. Stereolithography was applied to make a life-sized model by means of data obtained from 3D-ISM. Images from serially sliced surfaces contributed to a successful 3D reconstruction of the equine ovary. Photopolymerized resin models of equine ovaries produced by stereolithography can clearly show the internal structure and spatial localizations in the ovary. The understanding of the spatial relationship between the ovulation fossa and follicles and/or corpora lutea in the equine ovary was a great benefit. The peculiar structure of the equine ovary could be thoroughly observed and understood through this model.  相似文献   

Genotyping‐by‐sequencing for construction of a new genetic linkage map and QTL analysis of growth‐related traits in Pacific bluefin tuna          下载免费PDF全文

Tsubasa Uchino  Erina Hosoda  Yoji Nakamura  Motoshige Yasuike  Miyuki Mekuchi  Masashi Sekino  Atushi Fujiwara  Takuma Sugaya  Yosuke Tanaka  Kazunori Kumon  Yasuo Agawa  Yoshifumi Sawada  Motohiko Sano  Takashi Sakamoto 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(3):1293-1301

Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) has high market value, but its wild populations have decreased in recent years. The broodstock of Pacific bluefin tuna that were hatched artificially and reared under aquaculture conditions is beginning to be used for production. The creation of broodstock with commercially valuable traits, such as rapid growth, is therefore of great interest. Genetic linkage map‐based identification of markers associated with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) facilitates marker‐assisted selection (MAS) breeding and allows efficient genetic improvement of broodstock. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based genetic linkage map construction using the genotyping‐by‐sequencing method can expand the number of mapped markers and help identify growth‐related QTLs. In this study, we constructed sex‐specific maps for 24 linkage groups consisting of 677 SNP and 651 microsatellite markers. The total lengths of 93 progenies in the mapping population followed normal distribution, with an average length of 9.4 mm. We performed composite interval mapping in the mapping population. QTL analysis revealed one significant QTL in LG10 on the female linkage map. The genetic linkage map—the second such map generated for Pacific bluefin tuna—and the growth‐related QTLs detected in this study will be useful for tuna aquaculture MAS programs.  相似文献