The effect of molecular weight and the linear velocity of drum surface on the properties of electrospun poly(ethylene terephthalate) nonwovens     

Kwan?Woo?Kim  Keun?Hyung?Lee  Myung?Seob?Khil  Yo?Seung?Ho  Hak?Yong?KimEmail author 《Fibers and Polymers》2004,5(2):122-127

In this study, we evaluated the effect of the molecular weight of the polymer on electrospun poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nonwovens, and their mechanical properties as a function of the linear velocity of drum surface. Polymer solutions and electrospun PET nonwovens were characterized by means of viscometer, tensiometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), wide angle X-ray diffraction measurement (WAXD) and universal testing machine (UTM). By keeping the uniform solution viscosity, regardless of molecular weight differences, electrospun PET nonwovens with similar average diameter could be obtained. In addition, the mechanical properties of the electrospun PET nonwovens were strongly dependent on the linear velocity of drum surface. From the results of the WAXD scan, it was found that the polymer took on a particular molecular orientation when the linear velocity of drum surface was increased. The peaks became more definite and apparent, evolving from an amorphous pattern at 0 m/min to peaks and signifying the presence of crystallinity at 45 m/min.  相似文献   

Mineral composition of freshly harvested potatoes     

Ruth H. True  John M. Hogan  Jorg Augustin  S. J. Johnson  C. Teitzel  R. B. Toma  R. L. Shaw 《American Journal of Potato Research》1978,55(9):511-519

Nine Irish potato varieties from five growing locations were assessed for mineral content to determine the contribution of the potato toward meeting the U.S. recommended daily allowances for man. With the exception of calcium, the potato is a significant source of minerals for which U.S. recommended daily allowances have been established (iron, copper, iodine, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc).  相似文献   

Evaluation of the soil carbon budget under different upland cropping systems in central Hokkaido, Japan     

Zhijian MU  Sonoko D. KIMURA  Yo TOMA  Ryusuke HATANO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2008,54(4):650-661

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Informative evaluation of the teaching skills of the faculty at Alfort veterinary school     

Toma B  Begon D  Fontaine JJ  Rosenberg D 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2004,31(1):45-54

A quantitative method for the informative evaluation of teaching activities was devised using a survey from 33 experts. It is based on an evaluation, by students and two peers, of the four steps of the instructional methodology: analysis of training needs, statement of learning objectives, delivery of teaching session, and testing of student performance. Faculty evaluation is optional, and results are strictly confidential. Results of a three-year trial of this protocol at the Alfort veterinary school are presented and discussed. Each year the method has been assessed and some changes have been implemented. It is now felt that evaluation questionnaires for lectures and tutorial sessions have been validated, while those for laboratories and clinical teaching have to be tested through a larger number of settings. A the same time, a change from informative to summative evaluation is under consideration.  相似文献   

Pathogenicity of serotype 8 fowl adenovirus isolated from gizzard erosions of slaughtered broiler chickens     

Okuda Y  Ono M  Shibata I  Sato S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(12):1561-1566

The pathogenicity of serotype 8 fowl adenovirus (FAV), isolated from gizzard erosions of slaughtered broiler chickens, was investigated. In experiment 1, 29 5-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were inoculated with the isolates of serotype 8 FAV, M013 (group 1) or G0054 (group 2) strain, via an oral route. There were no clinical signs in any of chickens after inoculation, and mild gizzard erosions were observed macroscopically and microscopically in three inoculated chickens of group 2. FAV was recovered from gizzards and rectums but was not recovered from pancreas and livers from chickens in both inoculated groups. In experiment 2, 27 1-day-old SPF chickens were inoculated with the G0054 strain by intramuscular route. Five, 6, and 3 inoculated chickens died on days 3, 4, and 5 postinoculation (PI), respectively. Four, 3, 1, and 1 inoculated chickens became moribund with severe clinical signs such as ruffled feathers, severe depression and closed eyes from days 3 to 6 PI, respectively. Macroscopically, the common characteristic of the gross lesions of dead chickens and euthanized moribund chickens was discoloration of liver. FAV was recovered from the gizzard, liver, pancreas and rectum. Virus titers in the liver and pancreas were high until day 6 PI. Histologically, necrotizing hepatitis and pancreatitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the inoculated chickens. These results indicate that some strains of serotype 8 FAV are able to reproduce not only gizzard erosion by oral inoculation but inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) by intramuscular inoculation.  相似文献   

Apparent digestibilities of diets based on timothy and Italian ryegrass hay harvested in different regions in Japan fed to exercising Thoroughbreds     

Akira MATSUI  Yoshinobu INOUE  Yo ASAI 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(4):359-365

The apparent digestibility of diets based on timothy hay harvested in Hidaka in Hokkaido (HT) and Italian ryegrass hay harvested in Miyazaki in Kyushu (MI) were compared in Thoroughbreds undergoing exercise. The nitrogen retention and plasma‐free amino acid (AA) concentrations were also examined to evaluate the quality of the protein contained in the two types of hay. Four male Thoroughbreds (aged 34.4 ± 0.9 months (mean ± standard deviation) and weighing 506.3 ± 30.4 kg) undergoing exercise training at 80% of maximal heart rate were used for the study, and the apparent digestibility of the diets based on HT and MI was assessed. The net nitrogen balance was also measured by subtracting the amount of nitrogen excreted in the feces and urine from the total nitrogen intake. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter, energy, neutral detergent fiber and ether extract were all higher in the MI group than in the HT group (P < 0.05). The larger energy digestibility in the MI group (56.8 ± 3.3%) compared with that in the HT group (51.6 ± 2.4%) was attributed to the relatively easy digestibility of hemicellulose. The net nitrogen balance and plasma AA concentrations did not differ significantly between the two forage groups. We concluded that the nutritive value of MI is adequate for exercising horses, even though the timothy and Italian ryegrass used in this study were second cuttings, and their nutrient values were not easily comparable.  相似文献   

Genetic variability within RNA2 of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Grapevine fanleaf virus</Emphasis>     

Maruša Pompe-Novak  Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre  Jana Vojvoda  Marjanca Blas  Irma Tomažič  Emmanuelle Vigne  Marc Fuchs  Maja Ravnikar  Nataša Petrovič 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(3):307-312

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Comparison of the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern of the fiber gene and pathogenicity of serotype-1 fowl adenovirus isolates from gizzard erosions and from feces of clinically healthy chickens in Japan.     

Yo Okuda  Masaaki Ono  Isao Shibata  Shizuo Sato  Hiroomi Akashi 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(2):162-167

The fiber gene sequence and pathogenicity of the serotype-1 fowl adenovirus (FAdV-1) isolated from gizzard erosions and from clinically normal chickens were compared among isolates. The FAdV-99ZH strain, which induced gizzard erosions, had a nucleotide sequence of the long fiber gene that was different from that of the Ote strain, which did not induce gizzard erosions. The differences could be distinguished by use of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. The long fiber gene of 16 FAdV-1 isolates from gizzard erosions and 10 FAdV-1 isolates from the feces of clinically normal chickens was examined by use of PCR-RFLP analysis. All 16 FAdV-1 isolates from gizzard erosions had the same restriction patterns as those of strain 99ZH; however, 10 FAdV-1 isolates from normal chickens were classified into 3 groups. Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were inoculated orally with 2 FAdV-1 isolates from gizzard erosions or 3 FAdV-1 isolates from clinically normal chickens to determine the pathogenicity of each strain. Two of 2 FAdV-1 isolates from gizzard erosions induced gizzard erosions. Two of 3 FAdV-1 isolates from normal chickens had the same PCR-RFLP patterns as those of the Ote strain, but did not induce any gizzard erosions. However, 1 FAdV-1 isolate from clinically normal chickens had the same PCR-RFLP pattern as that of strain 99ZH and induced gizzard erosions. These results indicate that there are FAdV-1 strains that have different pathogenicity; one strain induces gizzard erosions, and the other does not. Use of PCR-RFLP analysis of long fiber genes may be able to distinguish between these two strains.  相似文献   

Development of an ELISA to differentiate between animals either vaccinated with or infected by Aujeszky's disease virus   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M Eloit  D Fargeaud  P Vannier  B Toma 《The Veterinary record》1989,124(4):91-94

The use of two monoclonal antibodies specific for glycoproteins GI and GIII of the pseudorabies virus led to the development of a competitive ELISA which made it possible to differentiate animals infected with pseudorabies virus from animals vaccinated with the strains of the virus Bartha, NAI4 or Norden. A postvaccinal serological response could be detected from three to four weeks after vaccination. After the virulent challenge of these vaccinated pigs an infectious serological response became apparent two weeks after the challenge.  相似文献   

Efficacy of vaccination with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus following challenges with field isolates in Japan     

Okuda Y  Kuroda M  Ono M  Chikata S  Shibata I 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(10):1017-1025

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influences of genetic and antigenic variations in field isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on vaccine efficacy. Four-week-old pigs were vaccinated with a commercial modified live virus vaccine. Four weeks after vaccination, pigs in both the vaccinated group and the non-vaccinated group were challenged intranasally with 10(7) TCID(50) of PRRSV wt-11 (Experiment 1) or PRRSV wt-7 (Experiment 2). Based on genome sequencing of ORF5 and cross neutralization test results, PRRSV wt-11 is similar to the vaccine strain, whereas wt-7 is distinct from the vaccine strain. In the vaccinated challenged groups, clinical signs were less severe, the mean rate of weight gain was greater, and gross lung lesions were less severe when compared with the non-vaccinated challenged groups in both experiments. In Experiment 1, the virus was isolated from serum at 3 days post-challenge, and the mean virus titers in broncho-alveolar lavage fluids (BALF) and tissues were lower in pigs in the vaccinated challenged groups compared with those in the non-vaccinated challenged group. In Experiment 2, virus isolation from serum, BALF and tissues showed no significant differences between the groups. These results suggest that commercial PRRSV vaccine could be effective in reducing clinical disease following a challenge with field isolates of PRRSV. However, with regards to virological protection, the efficacy of the vaccine may be affected by the nature of the PRRSV isolates.  相似文献